Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sucralfate, a complex salt of polyaluminum hydroxide with a sulfated disaccharide skeleton, has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the short-term treatment of duodenal ulcer. The drug is nonsystemic in action and apparently exerts its antiulcer effects by bonding with proteinaceous exudates in the ulcer crater, thereby protecting it from insult. In vitro and clinical studies have shown that the drug is not an antacid but does block the diffusion of acid. Inhibition of pepsin and bile acid activities have also been demonstrated. In double-blind clinical trials where patients used antacids as needed for pain, sucralfate 1 g 4 times a day was significantly more effective than placebo and as effective as cimetidine. No serious adverse effects have been caused by this locally-acting agent.
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PMID:Pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and adverse effects of sucralfate, a nonsystemic agent for peptic ulcer. 692 35

Lysine acetylsalicylate (LAS) is a soluble salt of acetylsalicylic acid and can be given parenterally. LAS 12.5 mg kg-1 and 25 mg kg-1 were compared with oxycodone 0.15 mg kg-1 in the treatment of pain after operation in 60 patients undergoing varicose vein surgery. Both treatments almost completely relieved moderate to severe pain for the 3-h observation period. The time until the peak of action was longer after LAS (60-90 min) than after oxycodone (30-60 min). No significant differences were found between the smaller and larger doses of LAS, suggesting a plateau effect. Further clinical experiments with LAS using i.v. mode of administration and other pain models are warranted.
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PMID:Comparison of i.m. lysine acetylsalicylate and oxycodone in the treatment of pain after operation. 700 Jan 6

Zomepirac Sodium (Zomax) is a pyrrole-acetic acid structurally related to tolmetin sodium (see Figure 1). Zomepirac is a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor and is not an opioid, an opioid antagonist, or a salicylate. It is the sodium salt of 5-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-1,4 dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-2-acetate dihydrate. Zomepirac has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for marketing in the United States as an analgesic. It is indicated for all forms of mild to moderately severe pain, and is being promoted as a "comprehensive, non-addicting analgesic."
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PMID:Zomepirac (Zomax, McNeil Pharmaceutical). 701 70

The safety and efficacy of sucralfate (an aluminum salt of sucrose sulfate) in duodenal ulcer treatment were assessed in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. Out-patients received two 500 mg sucralfate tablets or placebo tablets after meals and at bedtime. Endoscopic examinations were performed in 216 patients, either after 2 weeks or 4 weeks, or both, to evaluate healing. After 2 weeks, 35% (37 of 105) of th sucralfate patients had complete healing, compared to 25% (26 of 106) of the placebo patients (p = 0.0225, Mantel-Haenszel). After 4 weeks, the sucralfate and placebo rates were 75% (82 of 109) and 64% (68 of 107), respectively (p = 0.0383). Patients in the sucralfate group reported greater reduction in both diurnal and nocturnal pain each week than those in the placebo group. No serious side effects were reported with sucralfate use; the most common complaint was constipation in 2.6% of the sucralfate patients assessed. Laboratory tests--conducted pretreatment, after 2 weeks, and after 4 weeks--revealed no evidence of adverse effects. The nonsystemic agent appears to represent a unique, safe, and effective mode of treatment for duodenal ulcer.
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PMID:A multicenter, double-blind trial of sucralfate and placebo in duodenal ulcer. 703 51

Contrary to an earlier report by Coxon, scoline pain occurs in African negroes. Its incidence was determined in a prospective study involving a total of 100 Nigerian patients (50 out-patients and 50 in-patients). About 62% of the out-patients developed scoline pain as compared with about 26% among the in-patients. The abolition of muscle fasciculations (by 0.075mg/kg dose of Fazadinium) did not influence the occurrence of scoline pain. Neither the type of induction agent (Althesin or Thiopentone) nor the salt preparation of suxamethonium used (chloride or bromide), affected the incidence of scoline pain.
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PMID:Post-suxamethonium pains in Nigerian surgical patients. 717 45

A 55 year old woman developed severe retrosternal pain and odynophagia four hours after taking a tablet of clomethiazol. Endoscopy revealed extensive ulceration of the upper esophagus 19-23 cm from the incisors. Esophageal manometry showed reduced contraction amplitudes in this area. The lesions healed rapidly after the medication was stopped, and the motility disturbances of the esophagus improved. Thus, clomethiazol tablets have to be included in the list of drugs which can damage the esophageal mucosa. This damage is probably due to the acid salt ethanedisulfonate of the clomethiazol tablets. Clomethiazol capsules are preferable since they do not appear to be harmful to the esophagus.
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PMID:Clomethiazol tablets induce ulcers in the esophoagus. 718 69

Pain caused by x-ray contrast media in peripheral arteriography was assessed by behavioral changes of nonanesthetized, unrestrained rats. All ionic monomeric contrast media caused severe pain in a concentration of 300 mg I/ml. Dilution of contrast media markedly reduced pain. Sodium salt solutions were considerably more painful than meglumine salt solutions. The intravenous cholegraphic agent iodipamide did not cause vascular pain in a concentration of 300 mg I/ml, although its systemic toxicity is high. Pain in arteriography was attributable primarily to the high osmotic pressure of contrast media solutions rather than to their chemotoxicity.
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PMID:Contrast media and pain in peripheral arteriography. 720 46

A study was carried out to investigate the analgesic effect of an injectable salt of indomethacin - methylglucamine indomethacinate - in patients with acute ureteral and biliary pain. Out of 106 consecutive patients treated by the intramuscular (average dose 72.6 mg) or intravenous (average dose 36.1 mg) route, 76 (71.6%) had complete relief of pain and 4 were remarkably improved. In 68.8% of the cases, complete relief was reached within 1 hour from the start of treatment. No important side-effects were observed. Headache, nausea and drowsiness were reported in a few cases.
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PMID:Treatment of ureteral and biliary pain with an injectable salt of indomethacin. 743 77

The anti-inflammatory and analgesic profile of a new topical foam formulation of ketoprofen lysine salt (CAS 57469-78-0, Artrosilene Schiuma, KLS-foam) was characterized in comparison with marketed gel formulations containing KLS (KLS-gel) or diclofenac diethylammonium salt (DCF-gel). KLS-foam dose-dependently inhibited oedema formation and hyperalgesia induced by subplantar injection of carrageenan or substance P, being more potent than KLS-gel. At equieffective anti-inflammatory doses, KLS-foam provided a more pronounced analgesic effect than DCF-gel. KLS-foam also markedly inhibited exudate formation and prostaglandin production induced by subcutaneous implantation of carrageenan soaked sponges. In carrageenan induced paw inflammation, KLS-foam provided the same anti-inflammatory effect as orally administered KLS, but induced significantly less gastric damages. Oral administration of KLS resulted in sustained systemic absorption of ketoprofen, whereas after topical application of KLS-foam no appreciable ketoprofen plasma levels were detected. These data support the anti-inflammatory and particularly the analgesic effectiveness of the new foam formulation of KLS, a finding that, together with the high gastric tolerability, further emphasizes the usefulness of KLS-foam in the treatment of localized flogistic diseases and associated pain.
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PMID:Effects of a new foam formulation of ketoprofen lysine salt in experimental models of inflammation and hyperalgesia. 754 96

In two multicentric randomized, double-blind, parallel design trials the more appropriate dose of ketoprofen lysine salt suppositories, by considering benefit-risk ratio, was determined in children affected by acute inflammatory disease of respiratory or urinary tract with fever and pain. Fifty-three children ranging 6-36 months (infants) randomly assigned to 20, 30, 40 mg dose levels, and 54 children ranging 3-13 years (children) randomly assigned to 40, 60, 80 mg dose levels were included in the studies. Efficacy variables considered were hyperthermia and pain; body temperature was measured rectally, at fixed intervals and pain was evaluated by Maunuskela scale at the same interval times. Standard laboratory test were obtained at the beginning and end of treatment, and blood arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded regularly. Systemic and local tolerability were also determined. In infants all doses were associated with analgesia and temperature reduction; antipyretic effect was statistically significant starting from the first hour (p = 0.007). The dose of 30 mg resulted different from 20 mg dose from third hour (p < 0.05). The appropriate dose that better relate antipyretic and analgesic efficacy with a good tolerability was 30 mg. In children the analgesic and antipyretic efficacy was well established at all doses tested, however the effects were more marked and prolonged at 60 and 80 mg doses, with a better tolerability for 60 mg dose. The tolerability of all doses studied was good. Doses of 30 mg in infants and 60 mg in children correspond to a range of 2.0-3.5 mg of ketoprofen lysine salt for kg body weight, for each administration.
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PMID:[Effects of various dosage of ketoprofen salt suppositories in acute inflammatory disease in infants (3-36 month old) and children (3-13 year old)]. 764 21


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