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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pain sensitivity in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto controls (WKY) as well as in experimentally hypertensive Wistar rats has been studied. Results indicate a diminished responsiveness to noxious stimuli in SHR when compared with WKY. This hypoalgesia is altered neither by chronic treatment with the antihypertensive drugs hydralazine and captopril nor by the peripherally acting opiate antagonist N-methylnaloxone. Induction of renal and DOCA-salt hypertension in Wistar rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats did not affect nociceptive responsiveness. It is concluded that opiate receptors within the central nervous system are involved in the hypoalgesia in SHR and that pain perception appears to be dissociated from blood pressure regulation in the rat strains used.
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PMID:Observations on pain perception and hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. 608 32

Clinical tests of the efficacy of various treatments of bluebottle (Physalia physalis) stings were conducted on 20 volunteers. Vinegar and aluminium sulphate solution (Stingose) gave a significant reduction in pain 15 minutes after application when compared with the control sites which were treated with sea water. The application of methylated spirits caused a significant increase in pain compared to salt water.
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PMID:Disarming the bluebottle: treatment of Physalia envenomation. 610 29

This report describes a modified Randall and Selitto (1957) rat yeast paw test that can evaluate differences in efficacy of different analgesics. The modifications consist of a decrease in the rate of acceleration of the noxious stimulus (mechanical pressure) on the inflamed paw from 20 to 12.5 mmHg/sec and an extension of the cut-off time from 15 to 60 sec. All the narcoticlike drugs tested (morphine, codeine, and pentazocine) increased the response latencies of the inflamed paws to the cut-off time. The nonsteroidal antiinflammatory-like drugs tested (acetylsalicylic acid, acetaminophen, indomethacin, phenylbutazone, and proquazone) showed plateaus in their analgesic effects (i.e., increasing the dose failed to produce significantly greater increases in the response latencies compared to the next lower dose). Zomepirac (80-240 mg/kg p.o.) did not show this plateau effect, but was unable to increase response latencies to greater than 30 sec because of the toxicity of higher doses (320 mg/kg p.o.). Flunixin NMG (the meglumine salt of flunixin), a nonnarcotic analgesic, did not display a plateau effect and increased response latencies to maximum values. The methodology was therefore able to discriminate analgesics active against mild to severe clinical pain (narcoticlike) from those only useful against mild to moderate pain (nonnarcotic-like).
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PMID:Determination of analgesic drug efficacies by modification of the Randall and Selitto rat yeast paw test. 614 Mar 28

Pain sensitivity was studied in renal and DOCA-salt hypertensive rats, and in two strains of rats derived from the same parental strain for their sensitivity (H) or immunity (N) to hypertension induced by DOCA-salt treatment. Experimentally hypertensive rats, and H and N rats were less sensitive to painful stimuli than their appropriate controls, as assessed in the hot-plate and paw pinch tests. Naloxone reversed this hypoalgesia in both experimentally and genetically hypertensive rats while it did not affect blood pressure in any rat-type tested. Opioid activity was measured with the radioreceptor assay in several brain regions and pituitary gland of both experimentally and genetically hypertensive rats. Experimentally hypertensive rats had a 45% higher level of opioid activity in the spinal cord compared to control. Rats of the H and N strains both exhibited higher levels of opioid activity in the spinal cord, hypothalamus and pituitary. It is suggested that control systems for blood pressure and pain sensitivity are closely associated in the rat.
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PMID:Pain sensitivity and opioid activity in genetically and experimentally hypertensive rats. 624 3

20 patients with an attack of acute gout participated in this double-blind study, ten patients received N-(2,6-dichloro-m-tolyl)anthranilic acid, sodium salt (meclofenamate sodium, Meclomen) and ten indometacin. The median time interval between onset of attack and onset of treatment was 11 h in the meclofenamate sodium group and 14 h in the indometacin group; medication was started with a dose of 200 mg meclofenamate sodium or 25 mg indometacin followed by 100 mg meclofenamate sodium or 25 mg indometacin every 4 h for the first 24 h. Thereafter patients received 100 mg meclofenamate sodium or 50 mg indometacin at 8-h intervals for 6 days. Similar improvement of intensity of spontaneous pain, swelling, tenderness of touch and degree of limitation of function was noted in patients of both treatment groups. This improvement could already be noted after 24 h of treatment and was sustained throughout the medication period and follow-up period. Adverse reactions were reported by 2 patients in the meclofenamate sodium group and by 5 patients in the indometacin group. The results of this double-blind study indicate that meclofenamate sodium in the dose administered was equally effective in relieving pain and inflammation and restoring restricted function in patients with acute gout as indometacin when used in the generally recommended dose for this indication. Meclofenamate sodium, even at these high dosage levels, was better tolerated than indometacin.
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PMID:Meclofenamate sodium in the treatment of acute gout. Results of a double-blind study. 634 48

N-(2,6-Dichloro-m-tolyl) anthranilic acid, sodium salt (meclofenamate sodium, Meclomen) was compared to placebo in two controlled multicenter trials of similar design, one in 180 patients with osteoarthritis of the hip and the other in 237 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Following one week on placebo to establish a baseline, patients were given meclofenamate sodium (300 mg/day) or placebo for a four-week double-blind controlled period of treatment. Improvement with meclofenamate sodium consistently exceeded that with placebo. In the hip and knee trials, the differences were statistically significant for at least three of the four weekly visits in reduction of pain on walking, pain on starting motion, pain on passive motion, night pain (knee only), and tenderness. Early in the study, statistically significant improvement was also observed in tenderness measures of the knee and fabere measures of hip function. At each weekly observation, significantly better global assessment scores of patient condition were reported by the patients (p less than 0.005) and their physicians (p less than 0.01) in the group receiving meclofenamate sodium in both the hip and knee trials. Overall global improvement was reported in 76% of the patients on drug and 42% of those on placebo. 31% of the patients receiving meclofenamate sodium and 23% receiving placebo reported adverse reactions. Gastrointestinal reactions were more frequent among the patients receiving the drug. The improvement achieved during the double-blind phase was maintained or increased in 359 patients who continued into long-term therapy with meclofenamate sodium. Meclofenamate sodium was judged effective and safe in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip and knee.
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PMID:Multicenter studies in the United States and Canada of meclofenamate sodium in osteoarthritis of the hip and knee. Double-blind comparison with placebo and long-term experience. 634 49

161 patients with extra-articular or non-articular disorders as acute shoulder syndrome, periarthritis humero scapularis, syndrome of the angular of the scapula, acute olecranon bursitis, acute epicondylitis and/or epitrochleitis or periarthritis of the hip were treated in this double-blind multicenter study. 53 patients received 300 mg N-(2,6-dichloro-m-tolyl)anthranilic acid, sodium salt (meclofenamate sodium, Meclomen) per day for a maximum of 3 weeks, 54 received 150 mg indomethacin per day and 54 received placebo. Meclofenamate sodium was significantly superior to placebo in the treatment of such symptoms as spontaneous pain, pain on motion, tenderness on pressure associated with acute episodes of extra- or non-articular rheumatism as demonstrated by earlier and superior improvement. Indomethacin showed comparable efficacy. Adverse reactions, mostly gastrointestinal symptoms, were reported by 15 patients receiving meclofenamate sodium (28.3%), 26 patients taking indomethacin (48.2%) and 5 patients in the placebo group (9.3%). The tolerance of meclofenamate sodium was good with the distinct clinical impression that meclofenamate sodium was better tolerated than indomethacin.
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PMID:Double-blind multicenter study comparing meclofenamate sodium with indomethacin and placebo in the treatment of extra-articular rheumatic disease. 634 50

40 patients with definite radiographically verified degenerative joint disease of the hip and/or the knee were treated in this double-blind study. Ten patients received 300 mg N-(2,6-dichloro-m-tolyl)anthranilic acid, sodium salt (meclofenamate sodium, Meclomen) per day for six weeks, ten patients received 500 mg phenylbutazone per day in the first week and 300 mg per day for 5 weeks. Ten patients received 500 mg naproxen per day for 6 weeks and ten patients received placebo. Measurements to assess efficacy were: intensity of pain on passive motion, intensity of starting pain, extent of painfree abduction (if the hip was involved), maximum extension and flexion (if the knee was involved) and an overall rating of the patient's condition by both the physician and the patient. Analysis of the results demonstrated that meclofenamate sodium was significantly superior to placebo in relieving pain and improving articular function as well as in improving the overall condition in patients with degenerative joint disease of the knee and/or the hip. Phenylbutazone and naproxen showed comparable statistically significant efficacy. Although the differences between the three active drug groups at the end of treatment were statistically not significant, it was, however, of interest that they favored meclofenamate sodium in each measurement, so that the 3 active agents may be ranked as follows: 1. meclofenamate sodium; 2. phenylbutazone; 3. naproxen. Meclofenamate sodium was well tolerated as were the other active drugs. Six of the 10 patients in the phenylbutazone group exhibited a marked decrease of the WBC count at the end of treatment.
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PMID:Meclofenamate sodium, phenylbutazone, and naproxen in the treatment of degenerative joint disease. Report of a placebo-controlled double-blind clinical comparison. 634 51

41 patients with radiographically verified degenerative joint disease of the hand who had at least one acutely inflamed Heberden node entered into the study. 22 patients were treated with 300 mg N-(2,6-dichloro-m-tolyl)anthranilic acid, sodium salt (meclofenamate sodium, Meclomen) per day for 4 weeks and 19 patients received placebo. Measures of efficacy were: the number of painful joints on both hands, an index of pain, the number of inflamed Heberden nodes and the grip strength (mmHg). Disease activity was similar in both groups at the beginning of the study. Analyses after one week of treatment and at the last observation at the conclusion of the study revealed significant differences in favor of meclofenamate sodium. This indicates that meclofenamate sodium treatment of degenerative joint disease of the hands is significantly superior to placebo. The reduction of the number of inflamed Heberden nodes demonstrates the anti-inflammatory effect of meclofenamate sodium, while the reduction of painful joints and the decreased pain index is evidence of the analgesic effect of this drug. The increase in grip strength indicates an improvement of function. The results further demonstrate the early onset of treatment effect with meclofenamate sodium. Meclofenamate sodium was well tolerated.
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PMID:Meclofenamate sodium in the treatment of degenerative joint disease of the hand (Heberden nodes). 634 52

98 patients with reversible, definite, active ankylosing spondylitis were selected for this study. 49 patients were treated with N-(2,6-dichloro-m-tolyl)anthranilic acid, sodium salt (meclofenamate sodium, Meclomen) and 49 patients with indometacin. Following a single-blind baseline period on placebo, patients received either 200 mg meclofenamate sodium per day or 100 mg indometacin per day for one week, in the second week the doses were increased to 250 mg meclofenamate sodium and 125 mg indometacin and from the third through the eight week 300 mg meclofenamate sodium and 150 mg indometacin were given. The results of this double-blind study showed that similar improvement in mobility of the vertebral column and spondylitic pain could be achieved with meclofenamate sodium and indometacin in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Although both treatments were well tolerated fewer meclofenamate sodium patients reported adverse reactions than did those who had received indometacin. It is concluded that meclofenamate sodium offers an effective and safe alternative to indometacin in the treatment of patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
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PMID:Meclofenamate sodium in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. Report of a European double-blind controlled multicenter study. 634 53


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