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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A special model designed for evaluating the analgesic effect of oral analgesics was based on a short-time registration period of immediate postoperative pain. One-hour intervals in pain registration and a minimum of 2 h between the tablet intake allowed a good estimation of changes in pain levels. The patient material consisted of 112 patients and from each patient a lower impacted wisdom tooth was removed. The test model was used to compare two analgesic drugs with placebo. The two pharmacologically active preparations were Doleron (dextropropoxyphene, acetylsalicylic acid, phenazone, caffeine and Transergan) and Astra 2167 (dextropropoxyphene and acetylsalicylic acid). The trial was double blind and the tablets were administered according to a crossover design. There was no statistically significant difference in analgesic effect between Astra 2167 and Doleron, and both drugs were superior to placebo. Finally, the trial showed that a reduction of the number of components of a compound analgesic to some degree reduced the pain relieving effect on this particular postoperative pain. This observed reduction was however, not statistically significant.
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PMID:A model for evaluating the analgesic effect of a new fixed ratio combination analgesic in patients undergoing oral surgery. 12 Mar 41

The drug combination including isoxsuprine 10 mg, acetaminophen 250 mg and caffeine 30 mg was administered to 80 patients divided into two groups, 40 with premenstrual tension and 40 with clinically diagnosed primary dysmenorrhoea. The study was carried out by the double-blind method and the patients were distributed at random. The results obtained show an excellent or very good response in 95% of cases of premenstrual tension and in 92.5% of cases of dysmenorrhoea. When the overall effectiveness of the compound in both conditions is considered, we find it to be 93.75%. A general discussion of the findings is presented in relation to age, civil status, time of appearance of dysmenorrhoea, nature of pain, accompanying symptoms, previous treatment, other non-drug therapies, results obtained, time within which symptoms were alleviated, total dose of the drug and side-effects. It is concluded that the orally-administered therapeutic combination is effective in both dysmenorrhoea and premenstrual tension.
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PMID:Isoxsuprine in primary dysmenorrhoea. Its effectiveness in premenstrual tension. 16 75

A double-blind, cross-over trial was made of three analgesic preparations--paracetamol, paracetamol with caffeine (Finimal) and aspirin in the relief of postoperative pain in 72 orthopedic inpatients and in 144 ambulatory outpatients suffering form common idiopathic headache. The combination of paracetamol and caffeine (Finimal) in this study shows the greatest pain relief in both groups of patients. This evaluation supports the results of BOOY3 demonstrating the superiority of the paracetamol-caffeine combination to paracetamol alone or aspirin.
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PMID:A double-blind comparative evaluation of aspirin, paracetamol and paracetamol + caffeine (finimal) for their analgesic effectiveness. 32 19

In two double-blind randomized, balanced, single oral dose studies with 140 women, a combination of 800 mg aspirin and 64 mg caffeine (aspirin-caffeine) was compared to 650 mg aspirin and to placebo. In patients with moderate to severe uterine or episiotomy pain, there was greater analgesic response with active drugs when the initial pain intensity was more severe. In patients with severe episiotomy pain, aspirin-caffeine was more effective than 650 mg aspirin (p less than 0.05) at the second and third hours. There was no difference between analgesic effects of aspirin and aspirin-caffeine in women with severe uterine pain.
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PMID:Aspirin and aspirin-caffeine in postpartum pain relief. 35 Apr 73

In 60 young, healthy volunteers the analgesic efficacy of 1-(m-methoxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylaminomethyl)-cyclohexan-1-ol (tramadol; Tramal), dextropropoxyphene and a commercial drug mixture (acetylsalicylic acid 200 mg; phenacetin 200 mg; codeine phosphor. 10 mg; caffeine anhydr. 50 mg; phenobarbital 25 mg) was investigated by determining the pain threshold in dental pulp. All three drugs increased the pain threshold considerably but there was no difference in the analgesic effect of the three drugs.
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PMID:[The effect of tramadol and other analgesics on the pain threshold in human dental pulp (author's transl)]. 58 Feb 14

The pupil dilation in man caused by pain was investigated. The pain stimulus was induced electrically. The size of the pupil was measured according to the "flying spot scanning method". The accuracy of measurement was increased by computer-assisted addition of repeated responses as well as by elimination of the, usually not considered constriction due to light compensation over Maxwellian view. The pure psycho-sensory dilation shows no initial contraction. The central stimulant 1,3,7-trimethyl-xanthine (caffeine) does not influence the course and adaption of the pupil reaction by a pain stimulus over the threshold. The pupil reaction correlates with the subjective feeling of pain. This suggests that caffeine does not influence the feeling of pain.
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PMID:The influence of 1,3,7-trimethyl-xanthine (caffeine) on the pain-caused dilation of pupil. 58 98

Analgesic nephropathy is more common in Western Scotland than elsewhere in the United Kingdom. This appears to be a consequence of the frequency with which local people take Askit, a preparation different from most other British analgesics in that they contain more caffeine and in their presentation as powders. Surveys of different populations in Glasgow suggest that while aspirin and paracetamol tend to be taken relatively infrequently and for appropriate reasons such as pain, Askit is more likely to be taken with excessive frequency for its supposed mood-altering properties. Working-class women with psychiatric problems are especially prone to daily self-medication. Study of individuals with analgesic nephropathy reveals that in Western Scotland, at least, the cause is dependence on analgesics. The characteristics of this include a need to continue taking and to slowly increase the dose of analgesics, partly owing to tolerance and partly to treat symptoms the analgesic ingestion has caused, as well as a psychic dependence resulting from appreciation of the psychotropic effects of the compound analgesics. When compared with matched controls, those who develop the "analgesic abuse syndrome" are more likely to have a family history of analgesic abuse, alcoholism, and psychiatric disorder. They tend to be introverted and neurotic, are prone to abuse other drugs and many have had previous psychiatric treatment.
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PMID:Genesis of analgesic nephropathy in the United Kingdom. 71 68

The relief of acute migraine attacks with an analgesic/antihistamine combination containing paracetamol, codeine phosphate, doxylamine succinate and caffeine (Mersyndol) compared with that achieved with a placebo has been studied in a double-blind, crossover trial. Mersyndol emerged as significantly better than placebo in the complete relief of migraine pain, and was clearly superior to placebo in partially relieving the pain of migraine. These results suggest that it could be a useful alternative to ergotamine, and a comparative trial with ergotamine is suggested. Side effects with this combination were fairly common but mild, and consisted mainly of drowsiness caused by the antihistamine component.
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PMID:Treatment of migraine attacks with an analgesic combination (Mersyndol). 78 38

Nineteen patients obstinate with cluster headaches whose pain was not mitigated by standard treatment (Methysergide, caffeine, ergotamine preparation, phenobarbital and analgesics) underwent a double blind control study with single crossover for the evaluation of prednisone therapy. Compared to placebo, a single oral dose of prednisone in 17 cases produced sustained improvement. Maintenance administration of prednisone was also effective in decreasing the frequency of attacks; however a single dose of the steroid when headaches began was effective.
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PMID:The treatment of cluster headaches with prednisone. 109 22

The role of serotonin in the pathogenesis of migraine is discussed, and the chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage and administration of sumatriptan are reviewed. Sumatriptan, which is structurally related to the neurotransmitter serotonin, is a serotonin type-1-like-receptor agonist that has a selective but heterogeneous effect on the carotid arterial system. Sumatriptan has a rapid onset of action and a large volume of distribution. Its subcutaneous bioavailability approaches 100%, and its mean terminal half-life is two hours. Studies have shown that both subcutaneous sumatriptan and oral sumatriptan are superior to placebo in relieving migraine and cluster headaches. Studies comparing oral sumatriptan with either ergotamine tartrate plus caffeine (Cafergot) or aspirin plus metoclopramide indicated that sumatriptan relieved headache more quickly and effectively; however, the dosages of these other agents may have been suboptimal. Sumatriptan is generally well tolerated by patients, and most dose-related effects are mild and transient. The most common adverse effect is pain at the injection site. No drug interactions have been identified so far. Subcutaneous sumatriptan 6 mg and oral sumatriptan 100 mg seem to offer the best benefit-to-risk ratio, although dosage and administration information is limited. Subcutaneous and oral sumatriptan are effective in aborting moderate to severe migraine and cluster headaches and their associated symtpoms. However, more studies are necessary to compare sumatriptan's efficacy with that of other treatments before it can be recommended as first-line therapy for migraine.
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PMID:Sumatriptan: a new drug for vascular headache. 838 41


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