Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cornea, in addition to its refractive function for the eye, and by way of its very dense sensory innervation, serves a very important protective function for the visual organ. The cornea receives mainly sensory innervation from the first division of the trigeminal ganglion and a sparse amount of sympathetic fibers. The sensory nerves carry out their protective function by responding to various types of stimuli in a way so that they are all perceived psychologically as painful. Neurophysiological data indicates that, despite the morphological similarity of free-nerve endings in the cornea, they are differentiated functionally. A concentration series, (0.005 to 10% solution in saline), of various potential irritants (phosphate detergent, baby shampoo, liquid chlorine bleach, herbal shampoo, onion juice, SDS, and sodium chloride) was applied directly to the cornea of the anesthetized rabbit. Neural activity was assessed from extra-cellular records of long ciliary nerve over a ten second application period, and for ten seconds following stimulus removal. Baby shampoo was non-stimulatory over the applied concentration range. Sodium chloride, on the other hand, exhibited linear response dynamics over the range of 0.01 to 5% (p < 0.001). SDS was highly stimulatory, but showed no predictable concentration or response relationship. All of the other irritants tested responded in a logarithmic fashion. This suggests that the application of neurophysiological techniques to assess the pain and potential inflammatory aspects of a substance for human use can be monitored in this fashion. Moreover, response profiles for various classes of compounds and homologous series, as well as pH and osmolality, can be established.
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PMID:Action potential response of the corneal nerves to irritants. 130 81

Human fibroblast interferon (HuIFN-beta) was topically administered to 20 premalignant lesions histopathologically showing epithelial dysplasia such as leukoplakia and lichen planus which arose in the oral mucosa. HuIFN-beta was prepared in the water-soluble gel form containing 2% carboxymethylcellulose, 45% glycelin, 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 4.5) and 0.2% SDS as stabilizing agents. This preparation was found to be effective for herpetic gingivostomatitis and zostal lesions arising along the intercostal nerve. Thus, the HuIFN-beta preparation (10(4) to 5 X 10(3) IU) was applied to the oral mucosal lesion for 1 h twice a week. The lesion with topical administration of HuIFN-beta was covered tightly with the mucosal bandage which was coated with carboxymethylcellulose, glycelin and CaCl2 on vinyl acetate matrix. The 14 oral lesions with erosion or ulcer formation accompanied by severe pain by touch, had complete remission after approximately 10 successive applications of this preparation. Although subjective symptoms such as irritation pain in the other 6 patients with severe hyperkeratotic lesion subsided, white coatings and streaks could not be completely removed by this therapy. No other side-effects excluding slight pain and reddish swelling which occurred intermittently during HuIFN-beta administration were observed.
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PMID:Therapeutic effect of human fibroblast interferon on premalignant lesions arising in oral mucosa. A pilot study. 257 19

The Texas night snake (Hypsiglena torquata texana), a small opisthoglyphic colubrid snake, produces a Duvernoy's secretion which has a relatively low lethal toxicity for mice, but produces pain, hemorrhage, and oedema at the site of injection. The subcutaneous LD50 of Hypsiglena torquata texana Duvernoy's secretion in Swiss-Webster mice was 26 mg/kg. Local hemorrhaging occurred at doses as low as 2.0 micrograms/mouse, while marked hemorrhage and oedema resulted at doses greater than 200 micrograms/mouse. The dry secretion contained 77% protein, and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis revealed the presence of seven major proteinaceous components.
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PMID:Some effects and properties of Duvernoy's gland secretion from Hypsiglena torquata texana (Texas night snake). 340 52

The study investigated the relationships between specific demographic, psychosocial, and physiological variables and the severity of duodenal ulcer disease in a population of patients with proved duodenal ulcer. Intercorrelations between psychosocial and physiological variables were also studied. The study design was cross sectional and retrospectively assessed life change units and DUD severity during the previous 6 months in 39 male ulcer clinic outpatients. Anxiety, depression, life change units, the family environment, ABO blood type, secretor status, serum pepsinogen, and serum fasting gastrin were evaluated. A DUD severity score was calculated from self-reported ulcer pain symptoms and ulcer complications. Gastrin levels correlated significantly with three Family Environment Scale (FES) subscales, including: (a) independence, (b) achievement orientation, and (c) expressiveness. Duodenal ulcer disease severity scores correlated with Zung SDS scores, but not with state or trait anxiety, life change units, or the FES.
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PMID:Serum gastrin and the family environment in duodenal ulcer disease. 697 85

We investigated the validity and reliability of QOL questionnaire for lung cancer patients in palliative therapy. The questionnaire covered twelve items: appetite, feelings, sleep, mental and physical fatigue, pain, anxiety, daily activity, abdominal and respiratory conditions, linear and face scales. The data were collected from 65 patients and analyzed with principal component analysis and correlation analysis. 1) The percentage of complete answers was 81.5%. 2) Appetite, feelings, sleep, mental fatigue, anxiety and mental scale, pain, respiratory condition, abdominal condition, physical fatigue and physical scale, and satisfied internal consistency. 3) The test-retest reliability was satisfied 4) The inquiry items were grouped into physical, mental and activity scales, and these scales belonged to different dimension. 5) There were correlations between a linear scale, face scale, total score and items. 6) In concurrent validity, there were correlations between performance status and the activity scale, SDS, STAI and the mental scale. 7) In sensitivity, the total score and face score were worst within one week after chemotherapy, and then recovered. This questionnaire was indeed valid and reliable for use as a QOL questionnaire for lung cancer patients in palliative therapy.
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PMID:[Development of quality of life (QOL) questionnaire for use of lung cancer patients in palliative therapy--study of validity and reliability. No.1]. 754 Aug 25

Unique endometriosis-specific secretory proteins would be of paramount importance as noninvasive markers for diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic approaches for endometriosis. Furthermore, identification of endometriosis-specific secretory proteins may be an important step towards understanding the pathophysiology of endometriosis-associated pain and infertility. Therefore this study was designed to assess protein synthesis and secretion by ectopic uterine implants from steroid-treated and reproductively cyclic rats with surgically induced endometriosis. Uteri, ectopic uterine implants, and control tissues were incubated in L-[35S]methionine or D-[6-3H]glucosamine for 0-24 h and 24-48 h. De novo-synthesized proteins released into the culture media were identified using two-dimensional SDS-PAGE, fluorography, and computer-assisted image analysis. Two distinct groups of ectopic uterine implant proteins were identified: ENDO I (M(r) 40,000-50,000; pI 4.0-5.2) and ENDO II (M(r) 28,000-32,000; pI 7.5-9.0) were produced by ectopic uterine implants and not the uteri. A third group of proteins, previously identified in culture media of the uteri from progesterone-treated rats and called PUP-1 (M(r) 70,000; pI 5.7), was synthesized and secreted by ectopic uterine implants 24-48 h later than in parallel uterine cultures. The detection of ectopic uterine implant proteins suggests biochemical characteristics of the ectopic tissue that may be used to develop unique markers for endometriosis. Furthermore, the delayed synthesis and secretion of the uterine protein PUP-1 by the ectopic uterine implants illustrates yet another example of the asynchronous behavior of these two tissues, which may be related to the etiology or pathophysiology of the disease.
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PMID:Polypeptides synthesized and released by rat ectopic uterine implants differ from those of the uterus in culture. 831 87

Tetracyclines exert, independently of their antimicrobial activity, anti-collagenolytic effects by inhibiting activities of human interstitial collagenases and by preventing the oxidative activation of latent pro-collagenases. We tested the clinical response to a 3-month doxycycline in concert with collagenase activity in 12 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Patients received 150 mg/day of doxycycline for 3 months. Clinical assessments at zero, six and 12 weeks comprised classification of the functional class, joint score index, Hb, CRP, ESR, health assessment questionnaire, visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain, pain disability index, comprehensible psychopathological rating scale (CPRS), SDS-PAGE laser densitometric collagenase activity measurements and Western blots. Significant reductions were seen in joint score index (P < 0.01), pain VAS (P < 0.05) and some CPRS parameters. Furthermore, collagenase activities measured from saliva by quantitative SDS-PAGE electrophoresis were significantly reduced during the 12-week intervention (P < 0.01). Western blots demonstrated intact 75-80 kDa enzyme protein (classic neutrophil collagenase), but also a newly discovered mesenchymal, less glycosylated 40-55 kDa MMP-8 subtype of fibroblast/chondrocytic origin. These results indicate that the documented favourable clinical response may in part be due to in vivo inhibition of classic neutrophil and mesenchymal collagenase/MMP-8 activities produced by doxycycline. This anti-collagenolytic doxycycline effects is mediated through inhibition of the enzyme activity and not through degradation of the enzyme, which may have contributed to the reportedly reduced tissue destruction, as has been seen in clinical studies concerning RA as well as reactive arthritis.
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PMID:Anti-collagenolytic mechanism of action of doxycycline treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. 954 77

Envenomation by Thalassophryne nattereri fishes are an important medical problem in northeast of Brazil, causing in human victims considerable pain and edema followed by necrosis. Venom obtained from fresh captured specimens of this fish was tested in vitro or in animal models for a better characterization of its toxic activities. Intradermal injection of the venom in the foot pad of mice induced local edema and hemorrhage followed a few hours later by necrosis. Subcutaneous injection of the venom induced systemic effects consisting in jerking motions, paralysis of hind limbs, erection of hair, rotational movements and violent convulsions followed by death. Dead animals showed hyperemia of the small intestine and lungs. The venom showed distinct edematous, necrotizing and hemolytic activities, a low level of hemorrhagic, myotoxic and proteolytic activities and no detectable phospholipase A2 activity. SDS-PAGE analysis of the crude venom showed at least 17 components with the major band located around Mw = 19,000. Almost all proteins stained by amido black were also revealed by Western blotting with antibodies to T. nattereri venom. Fractionation of the venom by either gel filtration or cation exchange chromatography resulted in a few distinct peaks but in both situations the biological activities were located in only one of the peaks which corresponded to basic proteins with approximately Mw = 47,000. Heating of the venom at 56 degrees C for 60 min completely destroyed its biological activities. All venom toxic activities except edema were completely neutralized after in vitro incubation with anti-T. nattereri serum.
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PMID:Thalassophryne nattereri fish venom: biological and biochemical characterization and serum neutralization of its toxic activities. 962 May 88

Collagenase and gelatinase are matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) which play an important role in tissue destruction in arthritic joints. Studies have demonstrated that tetracyclines can inhibit MMPs and prevent tissue destruction independent of their antimicrobial activity. The purpose of this pilot study is to assess the potential therapeutic role of Doxycycline in patients with advanced osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). This ongoing investigation includes patients with a diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the TMJ based on clinical and diagnostic imaging findings, symptoms (localized TMJ pain, limited mobility, dysfunction) for a minimum of 36 months, and failure of previous non-surgical and surgical modalities to alleviate the symptoms. A synovial fluid sample is collected by a saline injection and aspiration technique, followed by diagnostic arthroscopy. Patients are placed on Doxycycline 50 mg BID for three months and then undergo repeat diagnostic arthroscopy and synovial fluid collection. The samples are stored at -80 degrees C. Collagenase activity is determined by a combination of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography and calculated based on the percentage of collagen alpha chains that are degraded into alphaA breakdown products. Three patients have completed the three-month course of Doxycycline thus far, and 5 joints with osteoarthritis have been analyzed. All patients were female (mean age = 35, mean duration of symptoms = 132 months) and had undergone previous bilateral arthroscopies. One patient had undergone unilateral arthroplasty. The mean collagenase activity showed 55% collagen lysis prior to Doxycycline treatment and 19% after three months of therapy. The mean gelatinase activity was 28% prior to Doxycycline treatment and 7% after three months of therapy. The mean interincisal opening was 33 mm initially and 41 mm after three months of Doxycycline. Subjectively, two of the three patients reported significant improvement in their overall symptoms, which they had not experienced over the previous three years. One patient did not experience any change in symptoms, in spite of a marked reduction in collagenase activity from 86.4% to 9.6%. Because of the very small numbers of patients enrolled in this pilot study so far, no statistically significant differences could be appreciated. However, the dramatic reduction in collagenase activity in these patients, with a long history of TMJ symptoms from osteoarthritis, suggests the potential promising role of Doxycycline in the management of osteoarthritis, and further investigation is warranted.
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PMID:The potential role of doxycycline in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint. 997 22

This study compared the analgesic efficacy of an epidural infusion of ropivacaine and ropivacaine with sufentanil following major knee surgery. In a double-blind clinical trial, 115 adult patients received either epidural ropivacaine (R group, 2 mg.ml(-1)), or ropivacaine (2 mg.ml(-1)) with sufentanil (RS group, 1 microg.ml(-1)), using a patient-controlled epidural analgesia technique. Pain scores (visual analogue scale, VAS, and the simple descriptive scale, SDS), side-effects, motor block and treatment quality were recorded at 6, 12 and 24 h after the insertion of the epidural catheter. In the RS group, analgesic efficacy was significantly greater than in the R group between 12 and 24 h following insertion of the epidural catheter (VAS: 92.9% vs. 72.9%, p = 0.009). There was no significant difference during the other periods. Pruritus, nausea and vomiting were significantly more frequent in the RS group. Good postoperative analgesia was obtained with an epidural infusion of ropivacaine (2 mg.ml(-1)). When this local anaesthetic was administered with sufentanil, there was an improvement in the analgesic effect but a significant increase in the number of patients who reported adverse effects. The differences were more pronounced 12 h after the beginning of the analgesic schedule. This study failed to demonstrate any worthwhile clinical benefit from the addition of sufentanil.
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PMID:Efficacy of ropivacaine compared with ropivacaine plus sufentanil for postoperative analgesia after major knee surgery. 1235 81


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