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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pethidine 100 mg in 30-40 ml saline was given in a group of patients by the conventional technique of intravenous regional anesthesia. Fourty percent of the patients did not feel any form of pain or discomfort, 26.7% experienced only vague sensations which did not call for additional drugs but 13.3% felt some form of pain or discomfort for which diazepam was given and was enough for surgery to be completed. In the rest of the patients (20%) there was intolerable pain for which patients were given general anesthesia. This last category was operated upon for recent fractures or digital conditions and it is known that intravenous regional anesthesia using conventional local anesthetics for such patients usually fails. In a control group in which 30-40 ml saline without pethidine were injected, there was complete failure of the technique.
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PMID:Use of pethidine as an intravenous regional anesthetic. 281 80

Among contemporary problems of cardiovascular therapy, pain management in the cardiac patient is an important issue. Correct selection of a suitable analgesic drug is important in the acute phase of myocardial infarction because pain relief prevents adrenergic response which aggravates unbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demands. Until today morphine has been the best choice, nevertheless its side effects and limited availability demands pharmacological alternatives. Meperidine has been used for this purpose although its anticholinergic and narcotic profiles do not fulfill the therapeutic requirements. Conorphone is a codeine derivative which retains analgesic potency without other narcotic side effects and which presents an antagonistic profile for the remainder of opiate effects. Preliminary studies demonstrate that conorphone lacks cardiovascular side effects. Conorphone also shows antiarrhythmic effects in experimental models such as in rat in which arrhythmias were induced by coronary ligation. In this paper a morphologic analysis with electron microscopy was done on adjacent myocardial tissue next to an area of infarct. Experimental myocardial infarction was induced by ligation of descendant branch of left coronary artery, four hours prior to rat sacrifice and suitable samples for ultrastructure study were obtained. The experiments demonstrate that a group of rats that received 3.1 mg/kg of conorphone had less expressions of cellular damage when compared with similar myocardial areas of a control group of rats.
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PMID:[Effect of conorphone on the dimensions of the myocardial infarct and the ultrastructural changes in the adjacent tissue]. 324 20

The feasibility of patient-controlled on-demand analgesia by the intramuscular route during labour was tested on 10 primigravid mothers. Pethidine 50 mg or meptazinol 75 mg was available double-blind at minimum intervals of 20 min. The mean dose demanded was 190 (SD 96.2) mg of pethidine and 285 (SD 97.8) mg of meptazinol. The dose of pethidine is similar to that demanded by the intravenous route. Pain evaluations were not significantly different, but one mother who had meptazinol opted for epidural analgesia, and 2 wished they had done so. The system could be easily managed by all the mothers and there were not technical difficulties. Self-administered intramuscular analgesia could be instituted by a midwife with a dosage scheme similar to current practice. A field trial by midwives of self-administered intramuscular analgesia with pethidine is indicated.
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PMID:Feasibility of self-administration analgesia by the intramuscular route in labour. 327 76

The analgesic activity of pethidine was measured in eight sheep using both thermal and mechanical test systems. Pethidine, at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg body weight given intravenously, produced a significant degree of antinociception to thermal pain for 30 min (on average) but gave only a few minutes of significant analgesia when tested in the mechanical pressure system. Analgesia in both systems was abolished by pretreatment with naloxone. Pharmacokinetic analyses of plasma levels of pethidine after intravenous (i.v.) injection were carried out. Plasma concentrations of the drug exhibited a rapid biexponential pattern of decline with an average distribution half-life of 0.99 min and an elimination half-life of 12.8 min. Correlation of plasma levels of the drug with the presence of a significant degree of antinociception in the thermal test system enabled 'critical' analgesic levels of pethidine to be defined for sheep (0.93 microgram/ml).
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PMID:The correlation of the thermal and mechanical antinociceptive activity of pethidine hydrochloride with plasma concentrations of the drug in sheep. 337 69

Recent reports have suggested that patient-controlled analgesia is an effective means of narcotic administration in postoperative patients. This prospective investigation was undertaken to determine the efficacy and safety of patient-controlled anesthesia infusion after cesarean section. During a recent ten-month period, 130 patients were assigned randomly to receive meperidine by pump or intramuscular injection. Meperidine consumption using the device varied widely to meet individual needs. Overdosage and drug dependence were not encountered with the prescribed drug concentrations. The patient-controlled analgesia method provided less sedation and more immediate pain relief without the need for painful injections. The additional cost of renting the infuser device was offset by combined patient and nursing satisfaction. We conclude that patient-controlled infusion of meperidine is safe and effective in satisfying individual patient needs after cesarean section.
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PMID:Patient-controlled analgesia for post-cesarean section pain. 338 May 4

A double-blind, randomised, clinical trial was undertaken comparing intramuscular meptazinol (1 mg/kg) with intramuscular pethidine (1 mg/kg) for the relief of post-tonsillectomy pain, in 100 children under 15 years of age. Pethidine provided better analgesia in those patients who were awake after 30 minutes, but thereafter no statistically significant differences between the degree of pain relief could be detected. Meptazinol caused less sedation than pethidine, in that significantly more patients were awake after 40 minutes in the meptazinol group. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was similar in patients of both groups.
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PMID:Meptazinol versus pethidine for postoperative pain relief in children. 351

In a homogeneous sample of 20 healthy male students, the analgesic effects of the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine (100 mg) were compared to those of the narcotic meperidine (150 mg) and a further tricyclic compound with assumed analgesic properties (fluradoline, 450 mg). Drugs were orally administered, using a placebo controlled, double-blind repeated measures Latin Square design. Phasic pain was induced by intracutaneous electrical shocks with random intensities and interstimulus intervals. Each stimulus block consisted of 80 stimuli and lasted for 20 min. Pain estimates, somatosensory evoked cerebral potentials (SSEPs) and power spectral density of the electroencephalogram (EEG) were measured under each drug condition. Under placebo, pain ratings and SSEP amplitudes were constant within the entire session lasting for approximately 4 h. Meperidine analgesia was evident within 30 min of drug application, reaching a maximum after about 90 min. Imipramine produced a comparable degree of pain reduction, however, with a delay of 2 h. Under both drugs, the decrease in pain ratings was accompanied by decreased amplitudes of the late components of the SSEP, as well as by a reduction in alpha activity and an enhancement of slow EEG waves. Effects of fluradoline on experimental pain could not be affirmed. These findings are discussed in terms of pain relief and decrease in vigilance.
Pain 1986 May
PMID:Imipramine reduces experimental pain. 352 96

A double-blind clinical trial of the analgesic and antisedative effects of physostigmine was carried out on surgical patients (n = 60) during the first hours postoperatively. Pethidine and placebo were included for comparison in the double-blind study. The degree of pain and sedation was estimated when the patient demanded analgesics and immediately before the administration of the test drug. The dosage administered i.v. was: physostigmine salicylate 2 mg, placebo = saline, or pethidine chloride 50 mg. After this, the same parameters were recorded at regular intervals. In addition, ventilatory rate, pulse rate, systolic blood pressure and side effects, if any, were noted. The results showed that physostigmine caused analgesia that was of the same magnitude as pethidine during the first 15 min, after which it decreased to the level of the placebo at 30 min. An antisedative or arousal effect was recorded over a somewhat longer time period; after this, there was no difference between placebo and physostigmine. In contrast to pethidine, physostigmine caused no decrease in the ventilatory rate. The pulse rate and systolic blood pressure did not change in any of the groups. Although the durations of the analgesic and antisedative effects of physostigmine were short, the use of this drug may well be preferable to the use of e.g. naloxone when immediate alertness of the patient is wanted without causing an increase in postoperative pain.
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PMID:A double-blind trial of the analgesic properties of physostigmine in postoperative patients. 352 90

The analgesic effects of meperidine, anileridine, codeine and codeine + acetominophen on surgical and non-surgical pain in 101 patients were assessed using the McGill Pain Questionnaire. The quality of analgesia was determined by analyzing the changes in the pain descriptors chosen 1 hour after medication. Meperidine and anileridine differentially reduced pain qualities rated as "bright-phasic" by a student sample. Codeine and codeine + acetominophen produced similar patterns of analgesia that were homogeneous across "bright-phasic" and "dull-tonic" types of pain. The data suggest the possibility that opioids may differ in the quality of analgesia produced either as dose increases or different opioid receptor types are recruited.
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PMID:Qualitative differences in effects of opioids in man: preliminary evidence for multiple mechanisms of analgesic action. 375 41

The visceral analgesic, cardiorespiratory, and behavioral effects induced by xylazine, butorphanol, meperidine, and pentazocine were determined in 9 adult horses with colic. Colic was produced by inflating a balloon in the horses' cecum. Heart rate, respiratory rate, mean arterial blood pressure, and cardiac output increased after cecal balloon inflation. Xylazine and butorphanol decreased the hemodynamic response to cecal balloon inflation. Meperidine and pentazocine had minimal effects on the cardiorespiratory changes induced by cecal balloon inflation. Xylazine produced the most pronounced visceral analgesia. The duration of visceral analgesia was longest with xylazine (approx 90 minutes) followed by butorphanol (approx 60 min) and then by meperidine and pentazocine (approx 30 to 35 min). Accurate assessment of the effects of visceral analgesics is dependent upon the use of objective tests to evaluate pain.
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PMID:Visceral analgesia: effects of xylazine, butorphanol, meperidine, and pentazocine in horses. 406 10


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