Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A series of N-protected cyanomethyl esters of various amino acids was synthesized and tested for antineoplastic and antiinflammatory activity in rodents. Utilizing the L-phenylalanine cyanomethyl ester and varying the N-protecting moiety demonstrated that the N-tosyl and the N-Cbz analogues were the most active against Ehrlich ascites cell proliferation. The N-(carbobenzyloxy)- and N-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine cyanomethyl esters were the most active against carrageenan-induced inflammation. In the N-benzoyl series of cyanomethyl esters, L-alanine, DL-valine, and L-leucine amino acid analogues were the most active against Ehrlich ascites cell proliferation. The glycine and L-alanine analogues possessed the best inhibitor activity in the antiinflammatory screen. The cyanomethyl esters also demonstrated immunosuppressive activity and the ability to suppress the writhing reflex which is associated with inflammatory pain. However, no antipyretic or narcotic analgesic activity was demonstrated by these agents.
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PMID:Antitumor and antiinflammatory agents: N-benzoyl-protected cyanomethyl esters of amino acids. 31 62

The impetus for this project is an attempt to describe by comparison and literature review a pain control program that would provide active patient participation in a highly structured, intense, objectively graded program of comprehensive functional restoration that meets governmental, medical, moral, and ethical standards. Brena indicates that "...there are too many facilities which claim to be pain clinics ... bewildering physicians about their choice for referring their patients."
Ala Med 1992 May
PMID:Evaluating pain treatment programs: a literature review. 163 85

A cDNA encoding a functional bradykinin receptor was isolated from a rat uterus library by a clonal selection strategy using Xenopus laevis oocytes to assay for expression of bradykinin responses. The predicted protein is homologous to the seven transmembrane G protein-coupled superfamily of receptors. Bradykinin and its analogs stimulate a Cl- current oocytes expressing the receptor with the rank order of potency: bradykinin approximately Lys-bradykinin greater than [Tyr8]-bradykinin much greater than [Phe6]bradykinin. This is the rank order of potency observed for these compounds in competitive binding assays on soluble receptor from rat uterus. Des-Arg9-bradykinin (10 microM) elicits no response when applied to oocytes expressing the receptor; thus, the cDNA encodes a B2 type bradykinin receptor. [Thi5,8,DPhe7]bradykinin, where Thi is beta-(2-thienyl)-alanine, is a very weak partial agonist and inhibits the bradykinin-mediated ion flux, suggesting the cDNA encodes a smooth muscle, rather than a neuronal, B2 receptor subtype. Receptor message has a distribution consistent with previous reports of bradykinin function and/or binding in several tissues and is found in rat uterus, vas deferens, kidney, lung, heart, ileum, testis, and brain. Receptor subtypes are a possibility because several tissues contain two or three message species (4.0, 5.7, and 6.5 kilobases). Southern blot high-stringency analysis demonstrated that the rat, guinea pig, and human genomes contain a single gene. As bradykinin is a key mediator of pain, knowledge of the primary structure of this receptor will allow a molecular understanding of the receptor and aid the design of antagonists for pain relief.
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PMID:Expression cloning of a rat B2 bradykinin receptor. 171 75

We describe two patients with Mycobacterium marinum infection and review the pertinent literature. M. marinum infection follows trauma, often trivial, in water or from marine life. Clinical manifestations include superficial cutaneous lesions which are either solitary or multiple in a sporotrichoid distribution, involvement of the deeper structures of the hand and wrist and disseminated disease. Biopsy of infected tissue reveals a mixed suppurative-granulomatous reaction with sparse to absent acid-fast bacilli. Definitive diagnosis is achieved by growing the organism from appropriate specimens. Suggested therapeutic regimens consist of rifampin and ethambutol for advanced disease and infection invading the deeper structures of the hand and wrist and one of the tetracyclines or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for early or minimal disease. Surgical debridement is advised when there is persistent pain, a discharging sinus or previous local injection of corticosteroids.
Ala Med 1991 Oct
PMID:Aquatic hazard Mycobacterium marinum infection. 176 90

The analgesic and acute central nervous system (CNS) side effect potential of the enkephalinase inhibitor SCH 32615 (N-[L-(1-carboxy-2-phenyl)ethyl]-L-phenyl-alanine-beta-alanine) were evaluated after IV administration to mice, rats and squirrel monkeys. In mice, SCH 32615 caused dose-related suppression of acetic acid-induced writhing (minimal effective dose, MED = 3 mg/kg IV). In rats, SCH 32615 produced dose-related increases in the response latencies in the yeast inflamed-paw test (MED = 10 mg/kg IV). In squirrel monkeys, using a new hot-water bath tail-flick test, SCH 32615 significantly prolonged the escape latencies (MED = 100 mg/kg IV). These results in primates are the first data showing an analgesic action of an enkephalinase inhibitor in a reflex model of pain. When measured for its CNS side effect potential, SCH 32615 had no significant effects in rats (up to 100 times its analgesically active doses) or in monkeys (up to three times). In the mouse, at doses 100 times its minimal effective dose, SCH 32615 produced brief convulsions; these lasted only a minute, resolved quickly, and did not cause lethality. In contrast, in rats and squirrel monkeys, the standard opioid analgesic morphine produced profound CNS side effects; this was particularly notable in monkeys, in which morphine's maximal analgesic effects were associated with near lethal respiratory depression. These data demonstrate that SCH 32615 produces selective analgesic actions and that its acute side effect liability is less than that seen with a clinically used standard.
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PMID:Analgesic and acute central nervous system side effects of the intravenously administered enkephalinase inhibitor SCH 32615. 201 47

Local anesthesia, used for numerous procedures in all fields of medicine, has the drawback of providing significant pain upon injection. Twenty-eight volunteers were asked to compare a subcutaneous injection of plain lidocaine with an injection of lidocaine plus bicarbonate. Twenty-four of the twenty-eight volunteers reported less pain with the buffered lidocaine. The dilution of 1 part bicarbonate to 10 parts plain lidocaine produced a solution that was less painful and better tolerated. The local anesthetic lidocaine is used prior to many minor and major surgical procedures. Although it induces adequate anesthesia, the pain of injection is nearly always of considerable discomfort to the patient. There are numerous factors that have been shown to influence the pain of injection. These include speed of injection, size of needle used, area of the body injected, and simply individual patient characteristics. Since lidocaine comes as an acid solution, local tissue irritation is likely the primary source of pain.
Ala Med 1990 Oct
PMID:Towards less painful local anesthesia. 228 30

Free plasma tryptophan levels in patients with fibrositis syndrome were measured by Moldofsky and Warsh with the view that the pathogenesis of fibrositis syndrome might involve a functional deficiency of serotonin. The hypothesis was supported by the finding of an inverse relationship between tryptophan concentration and the severity of musculoskeletal pain. Our study examined the total serum amino acid pool in fibrositis syndrome. Twenty patients with primary fibrositis syndrome and matched normal controls were evaluated clinically. After denaturation of macromolecules, serum amino acids were quantitated by automated analysis. Patients with fibrositis syndrome exhibited significantly lower levels of total serum tryptophan (p = 0.002), as well as 6 other amino acids: alanine (p less than 0.0005), histidine (p = 0.001), lysine (p = 0.02), proline (p = 0.039), serine (p = 0.028), and threonine (p = 0.013). These findings support the serotonin deficiency hypothesis for fibrositis syndrome pathogenesis but also imply a more generalized defect in amino acid homeostasis among affected individuals.
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PMID:Serum amino acids in fibrositis/fibromyalgia syndrome. 260 10

After reviewing all 123 of these patients, here are some suggestions which may improve the accuracy of diagnosis of appendicitis. 1. Proceed slowly with any patient with equivocal history and physical exam +/- WBC less than 10,000. 2. Seriously consider U.T.I. or other renal pathology in patients with greater than 20 RBC +/or greater than 30 WBC/hfp (w/bacteria) as cause of RLQ pain, rather than appendicitis; i.e. only 1 of 81 patients with appendicitis had a coexistent U.T.I. 3. Be aware that pain starting in the RLQ is less common in appendicitis than in other conditions mimicking appendicitis. 4. Be wary of all women presenting with RLQ pain on days 1 through 10 of their menstrual cycle. 5. Consider a barium swallow or enema study in patients in categories 1-4 above looking for a normally filled appendix while a) observing patient and b) awaiting outstanding lab results (i.e. ur. cult., cerv. os cult., etc.). 6. Follow closely all patients in all of the above categories and operate for worsening condition. 7. Require classic or near classic history and physical findings in patients with WBC less 10,000 suspected of having appendicitis, prior to surgery. Footnotes to these suggestions are as follows: 1. Understand that following these suggestions may result in an increase in the incidence of perforation coincident with an increase in diagnostic accuracy. 2. Be less hesitant to operate on patients over 50 y.o. because of a) their frequent atypical presentations, and b) the known higher incidence of perforation in this age group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ala Med 1989 Oct
PMID:Improving diagnostic accuracy in appendicitis. 261 Jan 91

A prospective comparison of conventional analgesia and patient-controlled analgesia using morphine was conducted. Each patient underwent a major gynecologic oncology procedure and was observed on the post-operative floor. All 192 patients were studied during the first three post-operative days. The findings suggest less total medication and less sedation with equal pain control in the patient-controlled analgesia group.
Ala Med 1989 Nov
PMID:Patient-controlled analgesia in gynecologic oncology surgery. 261 15

A review of metabolic pathways is presented, which are involved in muscular energy production during hypoxia according to recent experimental findings. By means of own exercise examinations the course of reactions providing ATP anaerobically in the muscles of limbs with poor circulation is analysed. Therefore, the arteriovenous differences in the concentrations of lactate, pyruvate, ammonia, hypoxanthine and alanine in the femoral blood of patients with stage II AOD were determined. In addition, the intracellular phosphorus compounds ATP, PCr and Pi as well as the tissue pH were measured noninvasively in the calf muscles using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results give evidence for marked activation of the creatine kinase reaction, of glycolysis, of the myokinase reaction and of the purine nucleotide cycle in the ischaemic musculature at loads of short duration, which are in total sufficient to maintain the concentration of ATP even during claudication pain. In spite of salvage pathways like alanine formation, the end products of these "emergency reactions", Pi, H+ and NH4+, accumulate and exert deleterious cytotoxic effects, which are thought to be responsible for rapid muscle fatigue and claudication pain in PAOD.
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PMID:[Regulation of ischemic muscle metabolism in peripheral arterial occlusive disease]. 267 1


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