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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-two dysmenorrheic patients participated in a double-blind trial of naproxen sodium for three consecutive menstrual cycles. The women were divided into two groups: 15 women were given naproxen sodium (the sodium salt of d-2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl) propionic acid) and 17 women received placebo tablets. The women were prescribed two tablets (550 mg) at the first sign of menstrual pain and one tablet (275 mg) thereafter every six hours, as required. There were no significant differences between the two groups in physical characteristics, obstetric and gynecologic histories, including the character of dysmenorrhea and pretreatment pain intensity scores (p = 0.7). Following intake of the drug or placebo, the participants rated the relief provided by the medication with a six-point scoring system. When the scores for pain relief were tallied for the three treatment cycles, the naproxen sodium group averaged 13.7 +/- 0.65 standard error, while the placebo group averaged 8.8 +/- 0.95 standard error out of a possible maximum relief score of 18. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant at p = 0.0004. Few patients reported side effects.
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PMID:Treating dysmenorrhea with anti-inflammatory agents: a double-blind trial with naproxen sodium. 3 86

Naproxen is a propionic acid derivative with analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity which has been widely used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases. Naproxen has been well studied in rheumatoid arthritis and is as effective as aspirin but better tolerated, thus enabling more patients to continue with treatment. For this reason some clinicians now prefer to try propionic acid derivatives, such as naproxen, before aspirin in arthritic patients. In comparative studies with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as indomethacin, ibuprofen, fenoprofen and others, all drugs were usually of similar overall efficacy although naproxen was sometimes preferred: but as with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, not all patients will respond to naproxen and in such cases other agents should also be tried until the most satisfactory drug is found for each patient. Naproxen is also effective in degenerative joint diseases of the hip and knee, although further well designed studies are needed to more clearly define its relative place compared with newer drugs such as diclofenac or diflunisal. Results of other comparative studies have shown that naproxen is a suitable alternative to phenylbutazone or indomethacin in ankylosing spondylitis and to aspirin in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Naproxen appears to be effective in reducing pain and swelling in acute gout and is an effective analgesic in patients with pain following surgery or trauma and in pain of dysmenorrhoea. Naproxen has generally been better tolerated than aspirin or indomethacin at the dosages used. Because of its relatively long plasma half-life, naproxen can with convenieice be given twice daily, and there is some evidence that once daily dosage is as effective in rheumatoid arthritis.
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PMID:Naproxen up to date: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy and use in rheumatic diseases and pain states. 38 72

A double blind study using flurbiprofen (2-(2-fluoro-4-biphenylyl propionic acid) 150 mg daily and soluble aspirin (3.6 g daily) for 5 days immediately after injury, was carried out in 52 soft tissue injuries to the lower limb in professional sportsmen. Flurbiprofen was more effective than aspirin in producing analgesia (when daily pain scores were considered) after day 2 (p less than 0.02); and flurbiprofen produced a more effective resolution of soft tissue trauma when days to training and match play were considered (p less than 0.05). The inhibitory effects of flurbiprofen on prostaglandin biosynthesis and tissue action are mentioned and the use of anti-inflammatory agents given immediately after soft tissue injuries discussed.
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PMID:A comparative study of flurbiprofen and aspirin in soft tissue trauma. 78 22

Four studies on ketoprofen [2-(3 Benzoylphenyl) propionic acid, 19583 R.P., Orudis, Profenid N.D.] have been carried out to establish whether it is well tolerated and effective in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Firstly a comprehensive open clinical and biological monitoring study was undertakin in 11 patients who received ketoprofen for an average period of 20 months without any serious or persistent adverse clinical reaction or adverse change in standard laboratory investigations. The second study involved the same patients who were also included in an ophthalmic screening study for drug toxicity. This established that no eye abnormalities attributable to ketoprofen occurred during this period of treatment. These tolerance studies were then followed by two comparative double-blind cross-over trials of ketoprofen in 117 patients with "definite" rheumatoid arthritis. One of them confirmed the significantly superior analgesic effect compared with placebo and showed that the incidence of adverse reactions was similar. The other trial showed that comparing ketoprofen 150 mg daily and indomethacin 100 mg daily the clinical effects of the two drugs were the same in 8 out of 10 indices. Only in severity of pain and rescue drug count was there a significant difference favouring indomethacin. Adverse reactions were more frequent with indomethacin despite prior exclusion from the study of patients known to be intolerant of indomethacin. It was concluded that on this evidence ketoprofen is a clinically active and well tolerated drug which should be valuable in the management of rheumatoid arthritis.
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PMID:Ketoprofen in rheumatoid arthritis: its tolerance and therapeutic effect. 79 May 53

Flurbiprofen and ibuprofen, two propionic acid derivatives with anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity, were compared in a double-blind multiclinic study in 195 patients with osteoarthritis of the peripheral joints. The patients were given 80 mg/day flurbiprofen or 1600 mg/day ibuprofen for six weeks. Pain, subjective evaluation and functional tests improved significantly in both groups. There were no statistically significant differences between the two treatments in any of the responses. Gastro-intestinal side-effects, generally mild, developed in 5-6% of the patients.
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PMID:Response of osteoarthritis to ibuprofen or flurbiprofen. 79 91

Fifty patients with osteoarthrosis of the knee and hip were entered into a double-blind trial of d-2-(6'-methoxy-2-naphthyl)-propionic acid (naproxen) 500 mg daily versus indometacin 100 mg daily. Two simultaneous trials of identical design were performed, one consisting of patients with unilateral or bilateral knee joint arthrosis only, the other of patients with unilateral or bilateral hip joint disease. Patients were assigned to 4 weeks treatment on naproxen or indometacin, then crossed over to the other drug. Assessments were made at --2, 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks, including subjective grading of pain and objective measurement of joint movements, stair climbing time and walking time. In almost all parameters there was significant improvement from baseline on both drugs, the magnitude of improvement being statistically equivalent. Side-effects recorded during the naproxen treatment period were significantly fewer than during indometacin treatment.
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PMID:A Double-blind comparison of naproxen against indometacin in osteoarthrosis. 109 1

The methodology of documenting clinical findings and statistical analysis of the results of a multicentre double-blind cross-over study, in which the efficacy of d-2-(6'-methoxy-2'-naphthyl)-propionic acid (naproxen) and indometacin in the treatment of rheumatic diseases was compared, is presented. Eight investigators from four clinics conducted this clinical trial according to an identical protocol in a total of 100 patients. 46 patients (5 male and 31 female) with rheumatoid arthritis received either of the two drugs over a period of 26 days. 35 patients (32 male and 3 female) with ankylosing spondylitis and 19 patients (8 male and 11 female) with osteoarthrosis were treated with either of the drugs for 15 days. The following parameters were investigated and documented: pain and its localization, inhibition of joint function, symptoms of inflammation, and the "quasi" irreversible joint changes. These various parameters were for statistical purposes combined as indices for pain, function, and inflammation. This permitted a quantitative evaluation of the analgesic and antiinflammatory efficacy as well as of the improvement of joint function of the two compounds tested. The overall results of the clinical parameters revealed no significant difference in efficacy for the two drugs. When differentiating the patients as to their sex, both drugs showed higher efficacy in male patients, and only slight efficacy in female patients.
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PMID:[Methods and statistics of multicentral double-blind "cross-over" examination of naproxen compared to indomethacin]. 109 2

In a multicenter double-blind cross-over trial the therapeutic effect and the tolerance of d-2-(6'-methoxy-2'-naphthyl)-propionic acid (naproxen) and indometacin were compared including 46 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 35 patients with ankylosing spondylitis and 19 patients with osteoarthrosis. Duration of treatment with both drugs was two to four weeks each. The daily dose of naproxen was 750 mg, that of indometacin l50 mg. In rheumatoid arthritis the combined clinical effect of indometacin was stronger than that of naproxen while both drugs had the same clinical effectiveness in ankylosing spondylitis and osteoarthrosis. When differentiating the total clinical effect as to indices of pain, inflammation and function, indometacin was shown to be superior in all three diseases with regard to pain index. On the other hand, naproxen showed a better effect in ankylosing spondylitis and osteoarthrosis than indometacin as to inflammation, and as to function in osteoarthrosis.
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PMID:[Clinical results of a multicentral double-blind examination of naproxen compared to indomethacin in chronic rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and osteoarthrosis]. 109 3

27 patients with ascertained ankylosing spondylitis experiencing constant after-midnight-pain received, following three medication-free days, in a double blind, randomized, cross-over fashion indometacin (100 g/day) and d-2-(6'-methoxy-2'-naphthyl)-propionic acid (naproxen) (500 mg/day), as suppositories, for a period of six days each. The intensity of the night-pain was recorded daily. Naproxen was shown to be equally effective as indometacin in alleviating the after-midnight backache of ankylosing spondylitis. Side effects occurred under indometacin in 5 cases, under naproxen in 3 cases.
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PMID:[A double blind comparison of naproxen and indomethacin on the after-midnight-pain of patients with morbus bechterew]. 109 4

The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage of oxaprozin are reviewed. Oxaprozin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) under consideration for approval by the Food and Drug Administration, is characterized as a propionic acid. By inhibiting cyclo-oxygenase, oxaprozin decreases the formation of prostaglandin (PG) precursors from arachidonic acid, resulting in decreased PG biosynthesis and reduced pain and inflammatory responses. Oxaprozin is well absorbed after oral administration, and peak plasma concentration is reached in three to six hours. Oxaprozin is primarily eliminated by urinary excretion of the unchanged drug. It has a long elimination half-life and persists in synovial fluid. In clinical studies, oxaprozin was equally or more effective than aspirin and as effective as naproxen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. For treatment of osteoarthritis, oxaprozin was as effective as naproxen and more effective than aspirin or piroxicam. Studies have also shown oxaprozin to be effective therapy for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Oxaprozin, like other NSAIDs, can cause gastrointestinal adverse effects. Other possible adverse effects include allergic reactions, analgesic nephropathy, hepatotoxicity, and increased bleeding times. For adults, the anticipated daily dosage is 600-1200 mg given as a single dose for rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and analgesia. In children, oxaprozin 10-20 mg/kg/day has been used to treat juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Oxaprozin is as effective as other NSAIDs and offers once-daily dosing; however, it does not offer any therapeutic advantage over other currently available NSAIDs.
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PMID:Oxaprozin: a once-daily nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. 845 76


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