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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-three patients subjected to arthrotomy of the knee were in a double-blind trial randomly allocated to either: 1) Indomethacin 100 mg (Confortid) administered as an enema immediately before induction of anaesthesia and repeated morning and evening for the next two days, or: b) a placebo. The patients' demand for postoperative pain treatment were registered. Survival analysis was applied to the time passed from recovery from anaesthesia until patients first asked for postoperative pain treatment. A significant difference was found (p less than 0.05). The indomethacin treated group required significantly less postoperative pain treatment than did the placebo group. 36% of the patients in the indomethacin group had no additional pain treatment during the two days of observation. Indomethacin as an enema proved to be an easy and effective way of reducing postoperative pain.
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PMID:[Indomethacin enema in treatment of postoperative pain after knee arthrotomy. A double-blind controlled trial]. 185 89

Carrageenin (2%) was used to produce edema and hyperalgesia; indomethacin, phenylbutazone, aspirin, ibuprofen, analgin, paracetamol and phenacetin were tested at different doses for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity in the same rats as the peak for the edema reached at the end of 3rd hr and for the hyperalgesia at the end of 4th hr. Indomethacin, phenylbutazone and ibuprofen reduced edema and increased the pain threshold. Analgin and aspirin increased the pain threshold relatively at a low dose. Paracetamol and phenacetin were inactive in the doses tested. Carrageenin (2%) was observed to possess both phlogistic and allogenic properties.
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PMID:A rapid method for evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in rats. 186 94

Indomethacin suppository and aspirin inhalation reduced the amounts of sputum in the patients with bronchiectasis and chronic bronchitis. A 67-year-old woman with bronchiectasis received indomethacin suppository to relieve the lumbar pain. After the start of indomethacin, a reduction in the amount of sputum was observed and the volume of sputum returned to pretreatment levels after the cessation of indomethacin. Levels of cyclooxygenase products in the sputum during indomethacin was also much lower than their levels after discontinuance of indomethacin. A 64-year-old man with chronic bronchitis was also administered inhaled aspirin to control the sputum volume. Both indomethacin suppository and aspirin inhalation reduced the amounts of sputum. In addition to these cases, a 31-year-old woman with bronchial asthma was tried to control the sputum production with indomethacin, but it had no effect on the sputum volume. It is suggested that these drugs may be useful in the treatment of excessive sputum in bronchiectasis and chronic bronchitis.
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PMID:Effect of cyclooxygenase inhibitor on excessive sputum. 190 74

We have discussed several miscellaneous headache disorders not associated with structural brain disease. The first group included those headaches provoked by "exertional" triggers in various forms. These include benign cough headache, BEH, and headache associated with sexual activity. The IHS diagnostic criteria were discussed. Benign exertional headache and cough headache were discussed together because of their substantial similarities. In general, BEH is characterized by severe, short-lived pain after coughing, sneezing, lifting a burden, sexual activity, or other similar brief effort. Structural disease of the brain or skull was the most important differential diagnosis for these disorders, with posterior fossa mass lesions being identified as the most common organic etiology. Magnetic resonance imaging with special attention to the posterior fossa and foramen magnum is the preferred method for evaluating these patients. Indomethacin is the treatment of choice. The headache associated with sexual activity is dull in the early phases of sexual excitement and becomes intense at orgasm. This headache is unpredictable in occurrence. Like BEH, the headache associated with sexual activity can be a manifestation of structural disease. Subarachnoid hemorrhage must be excluded, by CT scanning and CSF examination, in patients with the sexual headache. Benign headache associated with sexual activity has been successfully treated with indomethacin and beta-blockers. The second miscellaneous group of headache disorders includes those provoked by eating something cold or food additives, and by environmental stimuli. Idiopathic stabbing headache does not have a known trigger and appears frequently in migraineurs. Its occurrence may also herald the termination of an attack of cluster headache. Indomethacin treatment provides significant relief. Three headaches triggered by substances that are eaten were reviewed: ingestion of a cold stimulus, nitrate/nitrite-induced headache, and MSG-induced headache. For the most part, avoidance of these stimuli can prevent the associated headache. Lastly, we reviewed headache provoked by high altitude and hypoxia. The headache is part of the syndrome of AMS during its early or benign stage and the later malignant stage of HACE. The pain can be exacerbated by exercise. The best treatment is prevention via slow ascent and avoidance of respiratory depressants. Acetazolamide and dexamethasone have proved useful in preventing this syndrome.
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PMID:Cough, exertional, and other miscellaneous headaches. 202 Feb 26

The effect of different formalin concentrations on the nociceptive response in the formalin test was examined in mice. Subcutaneous formalin injection induces 2 distinct periods of high licking activity: an early phase lasting the first 5 min, and a late phase lasting 20-30 min after the injection. Formalin concentrations of 0.02-0.2% induced only the early phase, while concentrations of 1% or more induced both the early phase and the late phase. The ability of the test to show the antinociceptive effect of morphine and acetylsalicylic acid was similar for high and low formalin concentrations. For both these analgesics, a lower dose was needed to induce antinociception in the late phase than in the early phase using the same formalin concentration. Indomethacin had no effect in the early phase. In the late phase indomethacin induced antinociception when 1% formalin was used, while no significant effect was observed using 5% formalin. Clear histological changes in the paw were demonstrated after formalin concentrations that induced both phases. Lower formalin concentrations induced only very small changes. Using a low formalin concentration (0.2%), repeated testing using the same paw could be performed at intervals of 1 week without any significant change in the response. It was concluded that the formalin concentration should be kept as low as possible to minimize the suffering of the animal. Formalin concentrations of 0.05-0.2% are recommended for studying the early phase. Formalin concentrations of 1% or higher have to be used when studying the nociceptive response in the late phase.
Pain 1990 Aug
PMID:The formalin test in mice: effect of formalin concentration. 224 20

The local antiphlogistic therapy of alveolitis was founded from the importance of inflammation in the etiology. Indomethacin (3% age oily solution) was analysed on their effectiveness. In the control group was treated with chlorphenol-camphor-menthol-solution (ChKM) with addition of procain substance on the gauze strip. Indomethacin is significantly more active with regard to effectiveness, decrease of pain intensity and achievement of painlessness. The local therapy of alveolitis, is free of risk with solution out of Metindol--vials under dosage up to 6 milligram indomethacin substance.
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PMID:[Etiology of alveolitis and its therapy with indomethacin]. 227 May 46

The relationship between the kaolin-induced writhing reaction and production of arachidonate metabolites (PGs) in mice was studied. PGs were released into the peritoneal cavity after intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of kaolin (2.5 mg/mouse) with a peak at 5 min. About 80% of the total amount was 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.8237, p less than 0.001) between the number of writhes and the amount of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. The writhing reaction induced by kaolin was significantly inhibited by simultaneous injection of soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI; 2.5 mg/mouse) and increased by simultaneous injection of captopril (50 micrograms/mouse). The writing reaction induced by kaolin which was inhibited by oral administration of indomethacin (1 mg/kg) was restored by exogenous i.p. injection of PGI2-Na (2-10 ng/mouse). Indomethacin, ibuprofen and alminoprofen inhibited the writhing reaction and reduced the level of peritoneal 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in parallel manner. Tiaramide, pentazocine and morphine inhibited the writhing reaction without reducing the revels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. These results differentiate the site of action of these analgesics. They suggest that the mechanism of the kaolin-induced writhing reaction in mice involves a synergic pain caused by simultaneously released bradykinin and PGI2. This model is a useful tool which allows differentiation of mode of action of analgesics by simultaneous determination of the writhing response and peritoneal 6-keto-PGF1 alpha.
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PMID:Involvement of prostaglandins in kaolin-induced writhing reaction in mice. 251 71

Ureteral colic occurs in 24 to 34 per cent of all patients following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Recent research has shown prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors to be effective in relieving the pain associated with ureteral colic. Our prospective, controlled, double-blind, randomized study was designed to test the efficacy of indomethacin in the prophylactic treatment of pain after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Patients undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy were randomized into 2 groups. Group 1 received 100 mg. indomethacin suppositories twice daily and group 2 received placebo suppositories. After extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy 2 analgesics were available to the patients: oral co-dydramol or intramuscular pethidine was offered in the normal manner by the nursing staff. The pre-extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy x-ray was used to make a quantitative estimate of the total stone burden in each patient. The post-extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy analgesic requirement was used to compare the 2 groups. Of 112 patients recruited to the study 55 received indomethacin and 57 received placebo. The request for analgesia in the 2 groups was not different (28 of 55 and 33 of 57, respectively). However, in the indomethacin group only 6 patients required pethidine (10 doses), compared to 18 (41 doses) in the placebo group. This difference is statistically significant (p less than 0.01). There was no difference between the 2 groups in the occurrence of ureteral steinstrasse. Indomethacin has been shown to be effective in the prophylactic treatment of ureteral colic after lithotripsy.
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PMID:Indomethacin as prophylaxis against ureteral colic following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. 230 78

The writhing reaction in mice induced by kaolin, a factor XII activator, was studied. An intraperitoneal injection of kaolin clearly induced a writhing reaction in a dose-dependent fashion, and the reaction disappeared about 10-15 min later. The writhing reaction reached a peak at 5-10 min after the injection of kaolin (0.5 ml/mouse, i.p.; 5 mg/ml saline). A simultaneous intraperitoneal injection of soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI, 2.5 mg/mouse) almost completely suppressed the writhing reaction caused by kaolin (2.5 mg/mouse) for the first 10 min. The kaolin-induced writhing reaction was markedly potentiated by a simultaneous intraperitoneal injection of captopril (50 micrograms/mouse). At 60 min after kaolin injection during the disappearance of the writhing reaction, the reaction reappeared when captopril was injected, but reactions observed at this later stage were completely blocked by SBTI. Indomethacin, ibuprofen and alminoprofen inhibited the writhing reaction dose-dependently. Kaolin thus induces a clear and reproducible writing reaction, which might be mainly dependent on the action of bradykinin via activation of factor XII, and should prove to be a simple and convenient model of bradykinin-induced pain for the assessment of analgesic actions.
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PMID:A new writhing model of factor XII activator-induced pain for assessment of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. I. Kaolin-induced writhing in mice. 266 95

Hyperalgesic actions in rats of intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered arachidonic acid, prostaglandin (PG) E2 and PG F2 alpha were studied. For the analgesic assay, vocalization induced by repetitive electrical stimulation was employed. Administered i.c.v., arachidonic acid (0.1-30 micrograms/rat), PG E2 (0.001-0.3 micrograms/rat) and PG F2 alpha (0.01-3 micrograms/rat) potentiated the vocalization, in a dose-dependent manner. The maximal potentiating doses of arachidonic acid, PG E2 and PG F2 alpha were 10 micrograms/rat, 0.1 microgram/rat and 1 microgram/rat, respectively. Indomethacin and diclofenac produced much more potent analgesic effects in arachidonic acid-induced hyperalgesic rats than in normal rats and in PG E2- and PG F2 alpha-induced hyperalgesic rats, but aminopyrine, acetaminophen and morphine produced the same analgesic effect in both hyperalgesic and normal rats. Linoleic acid, linolenic acid and gamma-linolenic acid also induced a weak hyperalgesia, whereas indomethacin (4 mg/kg) failed to attenuate the vocalization in these unsaturated fatty acids-induced hyperalgesic rats. These findings indicate that the hyperalgesic actions of arachidonic acid and its metabolites are related to mediation or modulation of the central pain pathways, and the pain-relieving properties of acidic nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be, at least in part, involved in central site.
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PMID:Hyperalgesic action in rats of intracerebroventricularly administered arachidonic acid, PG E2 and PG F2 alpha: effects of analgesic drugs on hyperalgesia. 286 36


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