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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Naturally-occurring neosporosis with multiple organ involvement was identified in a 10-year-old neutered male Basset hound dog. Clinical signs were first noticed 3 weeks prior to referral and consisted of crouched stance and mild pelvic limb ataxia. Dexamethasone administration had provided transient improvement. On presentation to the teaching hospital, clinical signs included depression, pelvic limb ataxia, inability to stand without assistance, and pain on deep palpation of the cervical and lumbar vertebral column. Lesions were found in the myocardium, liver, spleen, adrenal glands, brain, and spinal cord. Tachyzoites of Neospora caninum were found in the myocardium and adrenal glands. Organisms stained with anti-Neospora caninum, but not to anti-Toxoplasma gondii serum in an immunohistochemical test.
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PMID:Disseminated infection with Neospora caninum in a ten-year-old dog. 187 45

The effect of dexamethasone on exercise-induced adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) secretion and dental analgesia was studied in healthy human subjects. Different levels of exercise (100-200 W) were produced by a cycle ergometer. Dental pain thresholds were tested with a constant current stimulator. Dental pain thresholds were elevated with increasing work loads, and the elevation was still significant 30 min after the end of the exercise. Dexamethasone produced a significant reversal of exercise-induced pain threshold elevations concomitantly with the suppression of exercise-induced ACTH release. The results suggest that the corticotropin releasing factor-ACTH axis is involved in the exercise-induced analgesia.
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PMID:Dexamethasone attenuates exercise-induced dental analgesia in man. 216 84

Corticosteroids have been used by many spine surgeons in the postoperative management of lumbar disc surgery patients. The potential side effects of these medications are significant, and yet there is little information available either supporting or contraindicating their use in the postoperative setting. This prospective, randomized double-blind study was designed to assess the effectiveness of the corticosteroid dexamethasone in decreasing postoperative pain and hospital stay after primary lumbar disc surgery. The patients' pain status was assessed both preoperatively and postoperatively by a standard pain questionnaire and pain drawing. Each patient's response to the questionnaire and pain drawing, as well as his usage of narcotics and days of postoperative hospitalization, were recorded and analyzed. Dexamethasone was shown to have a significant and selective effect on reducing leg pain postoperatively, while also significantly reducing the usage of injectable narcotics and shortening the postoperative hospital stay.
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PMID:The use of dexamethasone in primary lumbar disc surgery. A prospective, randomized, double-blind study. 271 48

A woman had pain on swallowing and talking when initially seen. Previous diagnoses of glossopharyngeal, neuralgia and myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome had been made. Appropriate treatment for these conditions failed to produce any improvement. Palpation revealed two tender areas bilaterally, overlying the hamulus. Treatment with an injection of 1 ml of dexamethasone (Decadron) 4 mg/ml into each area of tenderness resulted in a dramatic improvement. An anatomic review disclosed the presence of a bursa on the hamulus to protect the tendon of tensor veli palatini. A diagnosis of bursitis was made because of the dramatic improvement in the patient's condition as the result of corticosteroid therapy. Bursitis should therefore be considered in the differential diagnoses of orofacial neuralgias, temporomandibular joint dysfunction, and myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome.
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PMID:Bursitis: a factor in the differential diagnosis of orofacial neuralgias and myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome. 278 16

Many reports have indicated that electro-acupuncture analgesia (EAA) was mediated by endorphins. Among them is B-endorphin which can be released from the anterior lobe of the pituitary. To examine the role of B-endorphin in EAA and observe CNS metabolic (functional) and behavioral effects of dexamethasone the present study employed the (14C) 2-deoxyglycose (2DG) method. Seventeen adult male Sprague-Dawley rats in five groups received the following different types of somesthetic stimulation to examine the local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) and tail-flick response latency: control group (N = 3), pain group (N = 4), EA group (N = 3), pain + EA group (N = 3; from another ongoing study) and dexamethasone group (N = 4). Dexamethasone reduced tail-flick response latency in response to electroacupuncture, and produced metabolic (functional) changes in a number of CNS structures implicated in electroacupuncture produced analgesia effects (some changes were statistically significant, many others were not). Specific brain structures exhibiting statistically significant changes (p less than 0.05) in LCGU when compared to the pain + EA group are: the parafascicular and habennlar nuclei of the thalamus and the posterior cingulate gyrus. In comparison of dexamethasone group with the other four experimental groups of rats, the following trend in LCGU changes was observed: pain + EA group greater than pain group = EA group = dexamethasone group greater than control group. In addition, dexamethasone had a sedative effect. The results suggest that dexamethasone is reducing EAA and having suppressive effects on CNS metabolism and behavior.
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PMID:Effects of dexamethasone on electroacupuncture analgesia and central nervous system metabolism. 289 1

A 24-year-old black female presented for repeat elective Caesarean section. The procedure was performed under epidural anaesthesia. Sufentanil 25 micrograms, intended for postoperative analgesia, was inadvertently diluted to 10 ml with 15 per cent potassium chloride (KCl) instead of preservative-free normal saline (0.9 per cent NaCl). This solution was then injected via an epidural catheter into the epidural space at the conclusion of surgery. Two hours after injection of the sufetanil-KCl mixture, the patient had a level of sensory blockade to T1 and diaphoresis above this level. Painful muscle spasms had also developed below T1. One hour later she developed hypertension which required hydralazine 10 mg and labetalol 25 mg IV for treatment. The patient was treated supportively with oxygen. Dexamethasone 10 mg was administered intravenously to reduce spinal cord oedema. Intravenous diazepam 10 mg and meperidine 75 mg were given for sedation and analgesia. Complete recovery occurred within 12 hours.
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PMID:Inadvertent epidural administration of potassium chloride. A case report. 297 23

The authors examine a technique that is performed for control of postoperative pain. Sixty-eight patients were evaluated who had received a combination of Marcaine with no epinephrine, plus Hexadrol, at the surgical site immediately postoperatively. It was found that 65% did not require any form of analgesia within the first 4 hours postsurgically; 44% the first 8 hours, and 28% the first 12 hours. Sixteen percent of the patients required no form of analgesia during their entire hospital stay.
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PMID:Control of postoperative pain in foot surgery using a combination of anesthetic and steroid for local infiltration. 361 26

Some injured sensory fibers ending in an experimental neuroma in the rat sciatic nerve discharge spontaneously. Furthermore, many become sensitive to a range of physical and chemical stimuli. The resulting afferent barrage is thought to contribute to paresthesias and pain associated with peripheral nerve injury. We report that the development of such ectopic neuroma discharge is largely prevented when the freshly cut nerve end is treated with any of 3 commercially available corticosteroid preparations including two in depot form, triamcinolone hexacetonide (Lederspan) and triamcinolone diacetate (Ledercort), and one in soluble form, dexamethasone (Dexacort). These corticosteroids also produce a rapid and prolonged suppression of ongoing discharge in chronic neuromas that have already become active. The kinetics of corticosteroid suppression of neuroma discharge suggest a direct membrane action rather than an anti-inflammatory action.
Pain 1985 Jun
PMID:Corticosteroids suppress ectopic neural discharge originating in experimental neuromas. 404 99

In 12 patients with life-threatening neurological deficits from vasospasm refractory to other measures, high dose barbiturate therapy was used in an attempt to prevent permanent changes in the brain. In each case angiography was performed and intracranial pressure was measured. Dexamethasone, a low molecular weight dextran, and mannitol were administered. If intracranial pressure (ICP) was elevated, drainage of cerebrospinal fluid and hyperventilation were used. Arterial pressure was maintained at not less than 140/90 preoperatively and 180/100 postoperatively. Barbiturate therapy was continued until vasospasm decreased angiographically and ICP was normal. Eleven of the 12 patients perished. One had a fatal rebleed. One died of an iatrogenic hemothorax. Four died from uncontrollable intracranial hypertension. One improved slightly and then died from a cardiac arrhythmia. One died of increased ICP when her ventriculostomy malfunctioned. One improved and was responding purposefully to pain, only to die suddenly with a low ICP. Two patients became awake and responsive to verbal commands; 1 of these died from Klebsiella meningitis and the other died from an intracerebral hematoma. In the 3 patients in whom hypothermia was also used, profound alterations in acid-base and fluid electrolyte balance occurred. These discouraging results are most likely a reflection of the severity of the patients' condition at the beginning of therapy. There may be some benefit of barbiturates in the management of vasospasm, and the potential effectiveness of barbiturates may be more obvious if therapy is started at an earlier stage. However, until further evidence of the usefulness of this modality becomes manifest, it should be limited to patients with life-threatening impairments unresponsive to all other measures.
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PMID:Treatment of ischemic deficits from cerebral vasospasm with high dose barbiturate therapy. 616 7

The effect of a naloxone or a dexamethasone pretreatment on the conditioned analgesia resulting from the exposure of rats to an experimental chamber repeatedly paired with a grid shock was investigated. Shock induced disruption of bar pressing activity was taken as a behavioral measure of pain responsiveness. It was found that a 6, but not a 3, mg/kg dose of naloxone i.p. is hyperalgesic in unconditioned rats and effectively antagonizes conditioned analgesia. Dexamethasone (up to a dose of 2 + 1 mg/kg i.p. 23 and 1 h prior) did not alter the pain responsiveness of unconditioned rats, but caused a dose dependent suppression of conditioned analgesia. These results are discussed in terms of an opiate pituitary mechanism subserving conditioned analgesia.
Pain 1983 Sep
PMID:Behavioral evidence for an opiate pituitary mechanism subserving conditioned analgesia. 631 29


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