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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a placebo-controlled double-blind study the analgesic efficacy of the non-narcotic analgesic flupirtine (80 mg i.v.) was evaluated in comparison with the opioid pentazocine (30 mg i.v.). The variables investigated were the subjects' pain ratings (E), the somatosensory evoked cerebral potentials (SEP), the auditory evoked potentials (AEP) and the power spectral density of the ongoing EEG (PSD). One stimulus block before (PRE) and one stimulus block after (POST) medication were applied. In one stimulus block 80 intracutaneous electrical stimuli of two- and three-fold pain threshold amperage were given in randomized order of intensity and inter-stimulus intervals. Both treatments reduced the subjects' pain ratings significantly, while the placebo values were constant. These effects on pain ratings were in parallel with the SEP changes. The peak-to-peak amplitudes of the late components were significantly diminished by both drugs. Placebo had no effect on this variable. The AEPs remained considerably constant after all three treatments indicating specific drug effect on the pain-related somatosensory pathways. Flupirtine showed effects similar to those of pentazocine in terms of pain relief. The changes in ongoing EEG activity, however, were of a different kind. Pentazocine changed the EEG in an opiate-like manner, while flupirtine increased relative power in the theta and beta range.
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PMID:The analgesic efficacy of flupirtine in comparison to pentazocine and placebo assessed by EEG and subjective pain ratings. 245 15

The agonist-antagonist opioids are clinically effective analgesics with generally low abuse potential. Four agonist-antagonists are currently available for use as analgesics. Pentazocine, butorphanol and nalbuphine produce morphine-like effects in low doses and, to varying degrees, dysphoric effects as the dose is increased. Buprenorphine, an antagonist opioid of slow onset but long duration of action, produces morphine agonist effects at lower doses, and as the dose is increased, antagonist effects with minimal or no dysphoria. Clinical experience with pentazocine indicates that abuse is possible and consists of two main types: misuse (and abuse) of the drug alone by patients during treatment for pain and, abuse of the drug, often taken together with other psychoactive agents, as a substitute for the preferred drug of abuse. Few reports of abuse have appeared for butorphanol, nalbuphine and buprenorphine; however, considerable care is recommended in their use in patients, especially where there is the possibility for abuse as might occur in patients who require long-term treatment, with a history of drug abuse, and where the drug is easily obtained.
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PMID:Clinical observations of agonist-antagonist analgesic dependence. 289 89

The analgesic activity of Viminol R2 was compared to that of Pentazocine and placebo in a double-blind, "between subjects" study involving 42 patients with postoperative pain randomly assigned to 3 groups of 14 patients each and treated with a single intravenous dose of Viminol R2 10 mg, Pentazocine 30 mg or placebo. Pain relief scores were recorded over a 2 h period after treatment. The analgesic activity of Viminol R2 and Pentazocine was significantly greater than that of placebo both in terms of time-course of action and frequency of classes of satisfactory analgesia. No statistically significant differences were found between Viminol R2 and Pentazocine. No side effects were observed in any patients treated with Viminol R2.
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PMID:Viminol R2 analgesic activity in patients with postoperative pain: comparison with pentazocine. 352 23

Pentazocine (5-15 mg/kg) fails to change the period of latency in the rat tail-flick reaction at thermic stimulation but suppresses to the same extent as morphine (5 mg/kg) the emotional-pain response and enhances the reactions of arterial blood pressure during mechanical stimulation. Both prazosin and naloxone (1 mg/kg) abolished the activating effect of pentazocine on the arterial blood pressure changes produced by nociceptive stimulation.
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PMID:[Effect of morphine and pentazocine on emotional-behavioral and hemodynamic nociceptive reactions]. 355 48

Somatosensory (SEP), auditory evoked potentials (AEP) and power spectral density of ongoing EEG (PSD) were investigated under different drug conditions: the opioid pentazocine (30 mg), the centrally acting non-narcotic analgesic flupirtine (80 mg) and placebo were administered i.v. in a double-blind cross-over study (intersession interval 7 days) with 20 healthy male subjects. Intracutaneous electrical stimuli were applied to the finger tip with randomized intensities of two- and threefold individual pain threshold. One stimulus block consisted of 80 trials. Mean values of two stimulus blocks per session were analyzed: one block before and one block 30 min after treatment. Pentazocine significantly reduced the peak-to peak amplitude of the late SEP components (N150-P240) from pretreatment to posttreatment blocks, and flupirtine diminished this amplitude to nearly the same degree. With placebo no substantial reduction was found. In contrast to these drug-induced changes in SEP, the AEP components showed no significant alterations after any treatment. The PSD under pentazocine showed a reduction of total power. This effect was mainly due to a reduced power in the alpha band. The PSD under flupirtine showed slight increases in power of theta, alpha and beta activity. Again, under placebo no changes from pretreatment to posttreatment conditions occurred. The difference in EEG change might suggest different sites of action of the two analgesics.
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PMID:Pentazocine and flupirtine effects on spontaneous and evoked EEG activity. 358 74

A variety of analgesic drugs were tested for their ability to alter the response to noxious stimuli of differing severity in an attempt to develop a procedure to evaluate differences in efficacy of different analgesics. The severity of a noxious stimuli delivered to mice was varied by immersing the mouse tails in water maintained at 45, 50, 55 degrees C. As has been previously observed, the opiate analgesics morphine and nalorphine were active at all temperatures. Pentazocine was active at 45 and 50 degrees C, but not at 55 degrees C. The cyclooxygenase inhibitors tested showed a wide variety of activity. Naproxen was active at all temperatures. Zomepirac was active at 45 and 50 degrees C, but not 55 degrees C. Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and fenoprofen were active at 45 degrees C, but not at higher temperatures. Aspirin and indomethacin were inactive at all temperatures tested. These results roughly paralleled the differences in the severity of pain for which these analgesics are effective.
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PMID:Determination of antinociceptive efficacy of drugs in mice using different water temperatures in a tail-immersion test. 392 65

Research was conducted into post-operative pain and possible means for its control. A total of 66 patients subdivided into 3 groups were studied. In order to document analgesic effectiveness, pain was measured by two subjective methods--Huskisson's Visual Analogue and the "SCORE" index. Patients' anxiety was assessed pre-operatively by a suitably modified tourniquet test. The groups of patients were subdivided according to the analgesic agent used: 1st group (herniectomies, appendicectomies) Baralgina f. 1; 2nd group (cholecystectomies, hysterectomies) Talwin f. 1; 3rd group (cholecystectomies, hysterectomies) Baralgina f. 1 + Talwin f. 1. The latter combination proved to be satisfactory and guaranteed a sufficiently calm post-operative period. On the basis of the data obtained, it is recommended that anaesthesiological procedures include analgesic cover that exploits the action of Phentanyl as an analgesic agent and neurovegetative stabilizer and is to be used at the start of the operation. For operations lasting more than 60 minutes, a combination of Baralgina and Talwin or Buprenorfina may be administered during the post-operative period.
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PMID:[Postoperative pain and methods for its control]. 397 29

Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA, intravenous self-application of narcotics) was studied during the early postoperative period. Subjects were 40 ASA I-III patients recovering from elective major and minor surgery (each 20 having undergone abdominal or orthopaedic operations). Pentazocine bolusses of each 8 mg were available via a hand-button whenever the patients felt pain relief necessary, and delivered by a microprocessor-controlled injection pump (On-Demand Analgesia Computer, ODAC). Hourly maximum dose was set to 60 mg with a pump refractory time of 1 min between valid demands. A continuous low-dose pentazocine infusion (1 mg/h) was additionally administered in order to prevent catheter obstruction. Duration of the PCA period was 20.3 +/- 5.9 h (mean, standard deviation). During this time, 20.0 +/- 12.7 demands per patient were recorded resulting in mean pentazocine consumption of 135.6 +/- 81.4 micrograms/kg/h. Self-administration was characterized by considerable intra- and interindividual variability. There were no statistically significant differences with regard of pentazocine consumption or pain relief between abdominal and orthopaedic patients, nor could any be demonstrated between the sexes. Similarly, no clear differences were found after various anaesthetic techniques (neuroleptanalgesia, halothane or spinal anaesthesia). Over-all efficacy and patient acceptance proved to be excellent. Effectiveness of PCA was judged superior by about 68% of patients when compared with previously experienced conventional postoperative analgesia. Side effects (nausea, emesis, sweating) occurred in about 10-18% but were usually of minor intensity. Circulatory or respiratory problems were not observed during the PCA period. Patient-controlled analgesia is discussed as a promising concept for the treatment of acute pain and clinical pain research.
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PMID:[Postoperative on-demand analgesia with pentazocine (Fortral)]. 409 11

30 postoperative patients, who had undergone abdominal gynaecological surgery with standard general anaesthesia were randomly divided into three groups and received, in the recovery ward, a continuous infusion of either pentazocine, piritramid, or ketamine. The patients rated their pain on a 15 cm pain analogue score. Group I pentazocine: Mean dosage on the day of operation 0.12 mg/kg/h, 0.1 mg/kg/h on the first and only 0.07 mg/kg/h on the second postoperative day. Pentazocine blood levels were on average 50 micrograms/l. Group II piritramid: Mean dosage on the day of operation 0.038 mg/kg/h, 0.024 mg/kg/h on the first and 0.019 mg/kg/h on the second postoperative day. Blood levels of piritramid were not determined because there is no satisfactory assay available. Group III ketamine: mean dosage on the day of operation 0.32 mg/kg/h, 0.28 mg/kg/h on the first and 0.29 mg/kg/h on the second postoperative day. Ketamine blood levels lay between 120 and 180 micrograms/l. The three analgesics did not cause any important haemodynamic or respiratory side effects. Pentazocine and piritramid were the most effective analgesics, ketamine was the least effective with a high incidence of side effects.
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PMID:[Clinical experimental studies of postoperative infusion analgesia]. 641 86

A randomized double-blind study was done to test the two opiates buprenorphine (0.3 mg i.v.) and pentazocine (30 mg i.v.) with regard to their applicability for the postoperative phase. These substances were chosen because they are not subject to drug prescription regulations. 60 patients who had undergone epigastric and hypogastric interventions under thiopental-sodium-induced halothane anesthesia received i.v. injections of one of the two analgetics as soon as they requested a pain-killer postoperatively. The subjective pain intensity registered by means of a visual analogue scale shows a gradual decrease after buprenorphine with maximal effects 1-3 h post injectionem (7.3 leads to 1.5). The duration of action is 8.2 +/- 0.7 h on the average (median 8 h; range 4-22 h). The maximal analgetic effect of pentazocine is already attained after 10 min (6.3 leads to 3.2). Thereafter the pain-intensity curve rises again. Pentazocine has a mean duration of action of 2.35 +/- 0.24 h (median 2 h; range 0.5-5 h). The inadequate analgetic effect of pentazocine manifests itself in an only slight initial reduction of the respiratory rate (19.5 leads to 17.5 min-1), which, on the other hand, decreases significantly and continuously under buprenorphine (20.8 leads to 13.5 min-1). Both substances cause increases of PaCO2 (buprenorphine 37.3 leads to 46.8 mmHg; pentazocine 36.3 leads to 43.0 mmHg), values greater than 50 mmHg being attained in individual cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Buprenorphine and pentazocine for postoperative analgesia. A double blind study following abdominal surgery]. 642 90


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