Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A quantitative method for measuring pain threshold by the use of ultrasonic stimulation in mice has been designed. The method had the advantage of precision, simplicity of technique, rapidity of measurement, and the fact that the stimuli is innocuous upon repeated application. The nature of the senstaions induced by ultrasonic stimulus is somewhat like that felt with a prick type of pain. Pentazocine (30, 100, 150 mg/kg i.p.) aminopyrine (15,50, 100, 150 mg/kg i.p.), phenacetin (100,150, 200, 250 mg/kg i.p.) sodium salicylate (150, 200, 250 mg/kg i.p.) and other antipyretic analgesics were active in a wide range of doses indicating that this technique is sensitive to the narcotic antagonist and to the weak analgesics as well as to the narcotic analgesics as well as to the narcotic analgesics such as morphine (2.5, 5, 10, 15 mg/kg i.p.), codeine (10, 20, 25, 30, 50 mg/kg i.p.) and pethidine (5,10, 15, 20, 25 mg/kg i.p.). The ultrasonic method is, therefore, applicable in screening procedures when attempting to evaluate the analgesic potency of a wide variety of chemical agents.
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PMID:A new analgesic testing method using ultrasonic stimulation. I. Effects of narcotic and nonnarcotic analgesics. 1 Apr 56

Pentazocine (Fortral) suppositories (50 mg) were compared with pethidine (100 mg) by injection in 500 patients after general and gynaecological surgery. Pain was assessed by patients using a pain thermometer, (a modification of a visual analogue scale), and by observers using an adjectival scale. There was a good relationship between these methods. Good pain relief was obtained with both drugs and there was little difference between the treatments in moderate pain. Pethidine was faster and more effective, particularly in severe pain. There were fewer side-effects with pentazocine suppositories. They are a useful alternative to injections, especially in moderate pain.
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PMID:Pentazocine suppositories versus pethidine injections in 500 patients with post-operative pain. 4 94

The influence of pentazocine on the evoked potentials registered in the primary somesthetic cortical area in guinea pigs under pentobarbital anesthesia was studied. The stimulation was applied in the contralateral lip and the evoked cortical responses from different zones on the cortex stereotaxically localized were registered. Pentazocine (5-10 mg/kg i.v.) induced a significant increase in the latency of the evoked potentials as compared with controls. Since morphine does not modify these potentials, the effect of pentazocine is interpreted as being a direct one on the primary pain pathway.
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PMID:Effect of pentazocine on the evoked potentials recorded in the primary somesthetic cortical areas of guinea pigs. 23 1

The effects of 2 doses of nefopam, d-amphetamine, pentazocine, and placebo were studied in healthy male sleep-deprived volunteers to determine whether the drugs improved or impaired coordination and whether they induced subjective effects. A critical tracking task was used to study hand-eye coordination. D-amphetamine, 10 mg orally, significantly improved tracking performance and made subjects feel better able to perform tasks but more anxious. It also made them feel more alert, steady, sociable, and strong. Pentazocine, 45 mg intramuscularly, caused deterioration in tracking performance and was followed by reports of depression, gloominess, dreaminess, nausea, and injection site pain. There was no significant change in tracking performance or subjective effects after both doses of nefopam and placebo.
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PMID:Effects of nefopam on visual tracking. 48 93

The effects of pentazocine, diazepam and midazolam in 100 patients to reduce the uncomfortable feeling during epidural block procedure were studied. All patients (ASA I-II) were premedicated with intramuscular atropine sulfate 0.5 mg and hydroxyzine 50 mg. To relieve pain and anxiety during epidural block procedure, pentazocine (15 mg; 20 Cases or 30 mg; 20 Cases), diazepam (5 mg; 20 Cases) or midazolam (2.5 mg; 20 Cases) was given intravenously in the operating room before epidural procedure. After the epidural block, patients were anesthetized with nitrous oxide-oxygen-isoflurane or nitrous oxide-oxygen-sevoflurane. The following day, patients' self-assessments of pain during epidural block procedure were categorized as good and fair. The effects of drugs were compared between patients with im premedication only with patients with further iv administration. Patients with pentazocine 15 mg were similar to the patients given only im premedication. Pentazocine 30 mg and diazepam 5 mg tended to allay the patients' pain feeling. Midazolam 2.5 mg was effective producing anterograde amnesia and antianxiety effects. Small doses of midazolam were effective to relief patients' uncomfortable feeling.
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PMID:[The effects of pentazocine, diazepam and midazolam in patients to reduce the uncomfortable feeling during epidural block procedure]. 146 Jul 60

The authors report a prospective study on 944 cancer pain patients treated with one of the following opioids: codeine, oxycodone, dextropropoxyphene, buprenorphine, and pentazocine. Level of analgesia, duration of treatment, side effects, and drop out were evaluated for each drug. Twenty-four percent of the patients still benefitted from treatment at the fourth week of study, even if high drug dosages were not used. Pentazocine did not show an evident analgesic effect during the first 2 wk of treatment. The other opioids were found to be valid therapeutic instruments for chronic cancer pain control in a limited number of patients.
J Pain Symptom Manage 1991 Oct
PMID:A clinical study on the use of codeine, oxycodone, dextropropoxyphene, buprenorphine, and pentazocine in cancer pain. 194 Apr 86

In June 1988, the new type of the lithotripter MPL 9000 (Dornier), which was the first interdisciplinary lithotripter for treatment of urinary and biliary calculi, was installed at the Shakai Hoken Chukyo Hospital. MPL 9000 has some features which enable one to treat with low range of shock wave energy and without anesthesia due to the enlarged aperture of the ellipsoid (210 mm), and locate the stone by computerized two ultrasound probes (coaxial, lateral). Unlike HM-3, the water bath is not used: shock wave is shot through the water cushion. From June to November 1988, 35 patients suffering from 64 urinary calculi were treated. The majority represented caliceal (75%) and pelvic (17%) stones, whereas 5 calculi were treated in the upper and lower ureter. Twenty-four patients were treated in one session and 11 patients needed additional sessions. The given number of shock waves was between 1337 and 3050 per one session and averaged 2403 with low generator voltage (15-18 kv). Twenty sessions (42%) were given without any medication and other 28 sessions (58%) were under analgesia (Pentazocine, i.v.) for the pain complained during the treatment. The rate of successful disintegration (less than 5 mm) was 88%. After the 1-month followup, 47.1% were free of stone, and 62.1% were free after the 3-month. Four patients had arrhythmia and one patient was with a subcapsular renal hematoma. We have concluded that this lithotripter is useful to treat upper and lower urinary tract calculi, in particular radiolucent ones in high risk patients because it is applicable without anesthesia.
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PMID:[Clinical experience with ESWL with new Dornier lithotripter MPL 9000]. 232 21

Achieving objective and quantitative measurement of experimental pain in human volunteers and establishing the impact of drugs remains a difficult task. This problem may be overcome by employing a method which allows the simultaneous measurement of pain ratings elicited by standardized stimulation of the nasal mucosa by carbon dioxide, together with pain-related chemo-somatosensory evoked potentials (CSSEP) and vigilance. We assessed the effect of pentazocine and acetylsalicylic acid on these parameters in 14 human volunteers and related the effects to the pharmacokinetic parameters of the drugs measured at the same time. Pentazocine was found to reduce the pain ratings as well as the amplitudes of the pain-related evoked potentials and to increase their latencies. Vigilance (measured by EEG power spectra and performance of a tracking task) was also significantly reduced. These effects were observed during the distribution phase and the first period of the terminal elimination phase of the drug. Acetylsalicylic acid had no significant effects on pain ratings, but reduced the amplitudes of the event-related potentials when compared to placebo controls. At the same time a slight, but significant, effect on vigilance (reduced performance of the tracking task) was observed. These effects could not be related to the presence of unmetabolized acetylsalicylic acid in the plasma. They appeared at later times when only salicylic acid was left. It is concluded that chemical stimuli of sufficient intensity produce pain which may be suppressed by opioid analgesics such as pentazocine. The effect of acetylsalicylic acid on this experimental pain did not reach significance for all measured parameters under the experimental conditions chosen. The changes in vigilance and in the amplitudes of pain-related chemo-somatosensory evoked potentials indicated as yet unknown CNS-effects of this non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
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PMID:Effects of pentazocine and acetylsalicylic acid on pain-rating, pain-related evoked potentials and vigilance in relationship to pharmacokinetic parameters. 233 74

Cigarette smoking-induced alterations in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and effectiveness are reviewed. Drug therapy can be affected pharmacokinetically by polyaromatic hydrocarbons and pharmacodynamically by nicotine. Pentazocine and phenylbutazone show increased metabolism in smokers and may have to be given in higher dosages. Smokers experience less pain relief with propoxyphene than do nonsmokers. Codeine, meperidine, and morphine are unaffected pharmacokinetically, and the effect on acetaminophen is probably not clinically important. Carbamazepine, phenytoin, and phenobarbital are not influenced. Heparin metabolism is elevated in smokers; this effect may necessitate modest increases in dosage. Warfarin clearance is increased, but this is not associated with a change in prothrombin time. Pindolol and propranolol are unaffected pharmacokinetically, but direct effects of nicotine may interfere with blood pressure control. Smoking transiently diminishes the diuretic effect of furosemide, inconsistently affects protein binding of lidocaine, and has no effect on prednisone, prednisolone, or dexamethasone. The metabolism of estrogens to less active metabolites is increased. Smoking is associated with decreased subcutaneous absorption of insulin and increased dosage requirements. Healing of GI ulcers with histamine H2-receptor antagonists may be compromised in smokers; sucralfate is probably more useful. Imipramine, benzodiazepines, chlorpromazine, and glutethimide may be influenced, and theophylline metabolism is accelerated. Cigarette smoking can affect the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of many drugs.
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PMID:Cigarettes and drug therapy: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations. 240 22

In a placebo-controlled double-blind study the analgesic efficacy of the non-narcotic analgesic flupirtine (80 mg i.v.) was evaluated in comparison with the opioid pentazocine (30 mg i.v.). The variables investigated were the subjects' pain ratings (E), the somatosensory evoked cerebral potentials (SEP), the auditory evoked potentials (AEP) and the power spectral density of the ongoing EEG (PSD). One stimulus block before (PRE) and one stimulus block after (POST) medication were applied. In one stimulus block 80 intracutaneous electrical stimuli of two- and three-fold pain threshold amperage were given in randomized order of intensity and inter-stimulus intervals. Both treatments reduced the subjects' pain ratings significantly, while the placebo values were constant. These effects on pain ratings were in parallel with the SEP changes. The peak-to-peak amplitudes of the late components were significantly diminished by both drugs. Placebo had no effect on this variable. The AEPs remained considerably constant after all three treatments indicating specific drug effect on the pain-related somatosensory pathways. Flupirtine showed effects similar to those of pentazocine in terms of pain relief. The changes in ongoing EEG activity, however, were of a different kind. Pentazocine changed the EEG in an opiate-like manner, while flupirtine increased relative power in the theta and beta range.
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PMID:The analgesic efficacy of flupirtine in comparison to pentazocine and placebo assessed by EEG and subjective pain ratings. 245 15


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