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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of addition of 1 ml of lignocaine (10 mg) or isotonic saline to 19 ml of the emulsified preparation of propofol (Diprivan) were studied in a randomised, double-blind trial in 80 patients. The incidence and severity of pain on injection of propofol were significantly reduced by the addition of lignocaine (P less than 0.01).
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PMID:The reduction of pain on injection of propofol: the effect of addition of lignocaine. 326 80

Propofol is a new intravenous anesthetic agent that provides smooth and rapid induction of anesthesia. A short elimination half-life guarantees rapid recovery. Since it has been reformulated as an emulsion in soya bean oil, anaphylactoid reactions are unlikely to occur. As compared to adults, there is very little experience with propofol in pediatric anesthesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate propofol as an induction agent in children with respect to cardiovascular and respiratory effects and to investigate the incidence of other side-effects. METHOD. In 25 ASA I children aged 3-12 years (6.4 +/- 2.7 SD) anesthesia was induced with a single dose of propofol, after standard premedication with atropine 0.01 mg/kg and Thalamonal 0.04 ml/kg. Anesthesia was maintained with halothane, nitrous oxide, and oxygen. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) were measured before and each minute for 6 min after propofol administration. The incidence of side-effects during induction of anesthesia as well as during recovery and the postoperative period were recorded. RESULTS. Propofol 2.5 mg/kg produced rapid and smooth induction of anesthesia. Mean arterial pressure decreased after 1 min by 14.3% with a maximum of 16.8% after 3 min. HR was influenced differently by propofol; children with initially high HR had a decrease in HR, whereas in children with a low initial rate, HR increased transiently. After 1 min, no further changes occurred. Although no apnea was observed, respiration was shallow and depressed, as indicated by a decrease in SaO2. Two children complained of pain and 4 of discomfort at the site of the injection; 1 of these developed transient phlebitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Initial experiences with propofol (Disoprivan) for anesthesia induction in pediatric anesthesia]. 326 11

Thirty unpremedicated patients for day-case surgery were anaesthetized with 2.5 mg kg-1 of a new formulation of I.C.I. 35868 (propofol: Diprivan--I.C.I.) in a lipid emulsion. An initial bolus of fentanyl (1-1.5 micrograms kg-1) was given. Anaesthesia was maintained with intermittent boluses of propofol (1 mg kg-1) with no other agent added. The significant problems were: a high incidence of pain on injection (30%) and apnoea following induction lasting more than 30 s (57%). Cardiovascular depression was significant but not considered excessive. Recovery from the drug was rapid and uneventful, with no reported hangover effect.
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PMID:The new formulation of I.C.I. 35868 (propofol) as the main agent for minor surgical procedures. 349 Sep 71

The induction characteristics of thiopentone, etomidate and methohexitone have been compared to those of propofol (2,6 di-isopropyl phenol) in unpremedicated patients. Propofol 2.5 mg/kg caused significantly more hypotension, excitatory side effects and pain on injection at the dorsum of hand than thiopentone 5 mg/kg. However, with regard to the latter two sequelae, etomidate 0.3 mg/kg and methohexitone 1.5 mg/kg caused similar or more frequent upset. Propofol 2.0 mg/kg was equipotent with thiopentone 4.0 mg/kg in terms of successful induction of anaesthesia. Hypotension may contraindicate the use of propofol in the hypovolaemic or unfit patient.
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PMID:Comparison of induction characteristics of four intravenous anaesthetic agents. 349 51

The induction characteristics of propofol 2.0-2.5 mg kg-1 were compared with those of thiopentone 4-5 mg kg-1 in 60 fit children aged between 3 and 16 yr. All patients received i.m. premedication with papaveretum 0.4 mg kg-1 (maximum dose 15 mg) and hyoscine 0.008 mg kg-1 (maximum dose 0.3 mg). Seven children (24%) complained of pain after injection with propofol, compared with three (10%) after thiopentone. No child in either group complained of severe pain. Excitatory effects were observed in 10 children (33%) receiving propofol as opposed to five children (16%) after thiopentone, but these were transient and minor and all occurred after completion of injection. Apnoea lasting longer than 30 s occurred in only four children (13%) in each group despite the use of opioid premedication. The mean duration of apnoea was similar in both groups. Propofol caused greater decreases in arterial pressures (systolic, diastolic, mean) than thiopentone, but only the difference in systolic arterial pressure achieved significance. There was a significant difference in heart rate, which did not change after propofol, but increased with thiopentone. The overall quality of induction was assessed as being good in all children receiving thiopentone compared with 20 (66%) of those receiving propofol.
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PMID:Comparison of the induction characteristics of thiopentone and propofol in children. 350 Jul 35

Thiopentone and propofol were used for the induction and maintenance of anaesthesia in unpremedicated patients undergoing minor gynaecological procedures. There were no significant differences in the induction and maintenance characteristics except for a high incidence of pain on injection and a greater fall in the mean systolic blood pressure associated with propofol in comparison with thiopentone. Propofol was associated with a quicker early recovery as well as a faster psychomotor recovery, as tested by a peg-board. However, complete psychomotor recovery was not achieved for up to three hours in some patients receiving propofol and so caution is advised regarding the early street fitness of patients receiving repeated doses of the drug for day case surgery.
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PMID:Comparison of propofol and thiopentone anaesthesia (with special reference to recovery characteristics). 350 Dec 53

The new emulsion formulation of di-isopropyl phenol (propofol) was compared with methohexitone and thiopentone for induction of anaesthesia in day cases. Propofol produced significantly smoother induction of anaesthesia, but caused more cardiovascular and respiratory depression. Pain on injection was significantly less than with methohexitone. Post-anaesthetic recovery was superior with propofol, with virtual absence of side effects, and rapid recovery with little impairment of psychomotor function 30 min after anaesthesia.
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PMID:Comparison of the new emulsion formulation of propofol with methohexitone and thiopentone for induction of anaesthesia in day cases. 387 40

Sixty male and female patients, scheduled for colonoscopy were premedicated with glycopyrrolate 0.4 mg intramuscularly. Anaesthesia was induced with 2 mg/kg propofol ('Diprivan') and maintained with a continuous infusion of propofol at a rate of 3, 6 or 9 mg/kg/h randomly allocated. Patients lost consciousness within 60.6 +/- 18.7 (s.d.) s. Preservation of the hypnotic effect was infusion-rate dependent as 15, 40 and 85% of the patients were unconscious on infusion rates of 3, 6 or 9 mg/kg/h propofol, respectively. A high degree of sedation was observed in the remaining patients with an incidence of 40, 35 and 0% in the different series. Sedation was light in the remainder of the patients. To increase the acceptability of the procedure, a supplemental bolus of propofol and/or an increase in the infusion rate were required in 40, 15 and 10% of the 3, 6 and 9 mg/kg/h infusion rate groups, respectively. The incidence of amnesia was similar in all three groups (80, 90 and 95%, respectively). Recovery was significantly longer with increasing infusion rate, but remained rapid. The longest time was 7.3 +/- 4.0 min to open eyes on command and 10.6 +/- 4.6 min to answer correctly. The most important side effects were pain on injection (50%) and some restlessness during maintenance (25%). Blood pressure decreased, but heart rate was unaffected. Patients breathed room-air spontaneously. Respiratory rate slowed after induction then increased rapidly above baseline values. The incidence of apnoea was 48% with a mean duration of 51 +/- 22s (s.d.). The technique was evaluated as good or adequate in 95% of the cases. We suggest than an analgesic premedication followed by an average of 6 mg/kg/h propofol by infusion might be a simple and convenient method of achieving good conditions for colonoscopy.
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PMID:Infusion of propofol ('Diprivan') as sedative technique for colonoscopies. 387 79

The effects of premedication on anaesthesia with propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg were assessed. One hundred and twenty female patients were randomized into one of three groups of 40 who received either no premedication, diazepam 10 mg orally, or pethidine 50-75 mg intramuscularly (i.m.) and atropine 0.6 mg i.m. Propofol 2.5 mg/kg was found to be a reliable induction dose. Premedication did not affect the induction time nor the incidence of side effects which occurred in 19% of patients. Apnoea occurred in 44% of patients but was not related to premedication, nor was arterial hypotension. Pain on injection was rare in the antecubital fossa but was a frequent occurrence (30%) in the dorsum of the hand. Recovery was rapid and characterized by lack of emetic sequelae; only one patient had nausea and there was no vomiting. The site of injection was examined postoperatively and venous sequelae were rare.
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PMID:The effects of premedication on anaesthesia with propofol ('Diprivan'). 387 91

Assessment of pain on injection of the emulsified formulation of di-isopropylphenol (propofol, 'Diprivan') was undertaken in 120 unpremedicated patients and comparison made with thiopentone. A high incidence of pain (37.5%) was found using dorsal hand veins, but use of forearm veins showed only a 2.5% incidence of pain. The use of intravenous lignocaine immediately before propofol injection only partially reduced the incidence of pain using dorsal hand veins (17.5%). A degree of cardiorespiratory depression accompanied induction but the incidence of other side effects was low.
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PMID:Assessment and modification of pain on induction with propofol (Diprivan). 387 3


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