Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty patients with bone metastasis were treated with eel calcitonin (CT) to relieve severe pain from metastatic bone lesions. Patients were two males and twenty-eight females with a mean age of 52.8. CT was administered intramuscularly in twenty-seven patients and intravenously in three. CT was effective on 55.6% of patients to reduce severe bone pain but did not decrease the amount of analgesics in most patients. Serum Ca and P were not changed markedly. As side-effects, two patients complained of nausea and vomiting after administration of CT but they weren't severe. These results indicate that CT is quite useful drug for relief of severe bone pain from metastatic lesions in patients with breast or digestive tract carcinomas.
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PMID:[Clinical study of eel calcitonin for relief of pain from metastatic bone lesions]. 200 41

23 patients with algodystrophy, 28 up to 82 years of age, were treated with calcitonin during the period 1978-1988 and the effect of the treatment is discussed. The treatment was carried out with the drug Myacalcic "Sandoz" in a daily dose of 100 IU, administered intramuscularly every day in the course of 10 days. The following clinical parameters were followed up: pain, swelling, functional capacity, skin (dystrophic) changes. The patients are classified in 2 groups in relation to the results: I. group--acute stage and II. group--chronic stage of the disease. The pain was favourably influenced in both groups by the Myacalcic treatment. In the acute stage the swelling was favourably influenced in 81% of the patients, the skin changes in 89%, the functional capacity was improved 1.64 times. In the chronic stage the swelling was reduced in 25% of the patients, there was no effect on the dystrophic changes and the functional capacity decreased in spite of the treatment.
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PMID:[The calcitonin treatment of patients with algodystrophy]. 208 Jun 2

It is well known that orthodontic forces induce pain during tooth movement. However there have been few neurohistological studies on sensational periodontal tissue response to orthodontic tooth movement. So we have many unknown problems about reactions of periodontal nerve fibers during tooth movement. The present study deals with the response of nerve fibers in periodontal ligament of rat molar during experimental tooth movement by means of immunohistochemical method for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). The results obtained in this study were as follows: 1. In control sections, CGRP-immunopositive nerve fibers were observed both around the root apex and in the intermediate region of the periodontal ligament. Although most of those fibers was distributed around the blood vessels, a few nerves were recognized to terminate in the periodontal fibers. 2. At three days after tooth movement, the CGRP-positive nerves gradually increased in number around the blood vessels. After that, the number of CGRP-positive nerves decreased and no difference of distribution of CGRP-positive nerves was observed between the control sections and the experimental sections at seven days. 3. Especially, at three days when active remodeling of alveolar bone was taking place, a few nerve fibers showing CGRP-immunoreactivity were observed to concentrate around osteoclasts or to migrate Howship's lacunae. These findings showed the dynamic changes of CGRP-immunoreactive nerves in the periodontal ligament during tooth movement, and suggested that this reaction of the periodontal nerves might induce pain in patients. In addition to neurotransmitter function, it was supposed that CGRP directly or indirectly effected the cellular elements and surrounding tissues on peripheral organs such as vascular system and osteoclasts.
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PMID:[An immunohistochemical study on the response of nerve fibers in the periodontium of rat molars during experimental tooth movement]. 213 Jan 16

Due to increasing old age and a prolonged life expectancy osteoporoses mainly of the involutional type have become very common and are thus of prime socio-medical importance. Recently considerable attention has been given to calcitonin as an aetiologic, prophylactic and therapeutic agent in osteoporosis. Since the subject is very controversial, the present study aims at critically evaluating the pertinent literature from 1980-1989: 1. A decreased stimulability of the thyroid C-cells and thus a diminished calcitonin secretion capacity has been demonstrated in white postmenopausal women. However an overt calcitonin deficiency cannot be considered to be the only or a major cause of the osteoporotic bone loss. 2. An increased bone loss (occurring in phases?) may be stopped by calcitonin(s) given either parentally or by the intranasal route. This pharmacologic calcitonin effect does not differ from the well-known osteoclast inhibiting effect in Paget's disease and seems to be similar to estrogen bone effects in the menopause. 3. An increase of total body calcium (TbCa) of 1-4% and of the bone mineral content (BMC) has been reported occurring within 18-24 months of calcitonin administration in overt osteoporosis. However a reinforcement of the bone structure has not been shown, further crash fractures of vertebras occurring despite calcitonin administration for up to 2 years. Within this observation period the bone volume assessed histomorphometrically did not increase, unless calcitonin was combined with phosphates which were known to induce secondary hyperparathyroidism. 4. Repeatedly an analgesic efficacy has been ascribed to calcitonins, presumably due to a direct hormonal effect on calcitonin receptors in the brain. Since the pain in osteoporosis is extremely variable and often self-limiting due to fracture healing the "calcitonin analgesia" has probably been over-estimated.
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PMID:[Calcitonin and osteoporosis--a critical review of the literature 1980-1989]. 218 43

Fifty-nine consecutive patients (19 men, 40 women, mean age 60.8 [27-80] years) with primary osteoporosis were studied to see if there was any significant gain in bone mass after treatment with salmon calcitonin. All the patients were given 1 g calcium by mouth every morning. Group 1 (n = 20) received no other specific medication while group 2 (n = 19) were given 100 I.U. calcitonin subcutaneously every second evening and group 3 (n = 20) received the same dose every evening. The pain reported by the patients was subdivided into four severity grades, and analgesic consumption was recorded. In group 1 there was a nonsignificant decrease in pain, but in groups 2 and 3 there was a highly significant diminution in pain (P less than 0.005) and in analgesic intake (P less than 0.01). Measurements of bone density carried out by photon absorption at the end of 12 months showed a 5.5% increase in the distal radius in group 2 (P = 0.0001) and a 7.1% increase in group 3 (P = 0.0001), while in group 1 mineral content had decreased by 4.3% (nonsignificant). These results show that a significant gain in bone mass can be achieved by administration of calcitonin, either daily or on alternate days. The incidence of extravertebral fractures and of new or progressive vertebral deformity tended to be lower in groups 2 and 3 than in group 1.
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PMID:[Treatment of primary osteoporosis with calcium and salmon calcitonin]. 219 80

The sensory innervation of the urinary bladder and urethra plays a key role in a variety of reflexes involved in urine storage and voiding. Dysfunction of these systems is a possible cause of many disturbances related to urine continence but basic knowledge in this field has been hampered by the lack of tools for studying sensory nerves. The use of capsaicin, the pungent ingredient of red peppers, allowed us to investigate the anatomical and functional properties of a specific subset of sensory neurons in the lower urinary tract. These 'capsaicin-sensitive' neurons play a dual sensory and 'efferent' function, determined by transmitter release from their central and peripheral nerve endings. Tachykinins, including substance P, and other neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide, mediate the functions of these sensory neurons. The 'sensory' function includes regulation of micturition threshold, activation of cardiovascular reflexes and perception of pain from the urinary bladder. The 'efferent' function includes local regulation of muscle cell activity, nerve excitability, blood flow and plasma protein extravasation. Recent data suggest that capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves could be present in the human bladder.
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PMID:The dual function of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves in the bladder and urethra. 222 67

We have studied the effect of NE 19550 (olvanil, N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) methyl-9Z-octadecenamide), a capsaicin analogue with approximately equipotent antinociceptive activity in vivo compared with capsaicin, on nociceptive responses recorded from spinal dorsal horn neurones in vivo and from a spinal ventral root in vitro. In adult rats anaesthetized with halothane, antinociceptive doses of olvanil (20-40 mumol/kg, s.c.) reduced C-fibre responses evoked in wide dynamic range, lumbar dorsal horn neurones, by peripheral transcutaneous electrical stimulation. Intradermal injection of olvanil, localized to a discrete region of the peripheral receptive field, did not activate C-fibres nor change C-fibre evoked activation of dorsal horn neurones. Spinal intrathecal administration of olvanil attenuated C-fibre evoked responses and, at the highest concentration, significantly reduced A beta-fibre evoked activity. In the neonatal rat spinal cord/tail preparation maintained in vitro, superfusion of the cord with olvanil (500 nM-5 microM) did not evoke a depolarization but responses to peripheral noxious stimulation were attenuated. In a similar in vitro preparation of the neonatal rat spinal cord, the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity (CGRP-LI) was measured in spinal cord superfusates. Capsaicin (2-10 microM) evoked a large release of CGRP-LI but olvanil (2-10 microM) produced only a small or undetectable release. Following the administration of each substance, however, the release of CGRP-LI evoked by a depolarizing potassium stimulus was significantly attenuated. These data indicate that C-fibre input to the dorsal horn was attenuated by acute systemic doses of olvanil that were antinociceptive in behavioural tests. This effect was unlikely to be due to impairment of C-fibre function by a peripheral locus of action but was more consistent with an action in the spinal cord in which the reduced release of a neurotransmitter substance from afferent nerve terminals may play a prominent role.
Pain 1990 Dec
PMID:A spinal mechanism of action is involved in the antinociception produced by the capsaicin analogue NE 19550 (olvanil). 229 45

Nine patients with metastatic cancer who had pain refractory to traditional treatments received a subarachnoid injection of salmon calcitonin. Eight of the nine patients reported pain relief after subarachnoid injection varying from 1 hr to 5 days. Four of the responding patients subsequently received an epidural injection of salmon calcitonin, and two of these patients reported pain relief. Although many patients experienced pain relief, nausea and vomiting appeared to be a significant side effect, occurring in seven out of nine patients.
J Pain Symptom Manage 1990 Feb
PMID:Subarachnoid and epidural calcitonin in patients with pain due to metastatic cancer. 232 59

It has recently been demonstrated in the rat that the majority of cerebrovascular pain fibres containing immunoreactive substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide reach the vessels via the nasociliary nerve, a branch of the ophthalmic trigeminal division. In order to elucidate the effect of these nerves on blood flow in vivo, the relative changes in cortical microvascular flow were continuously monitored by a laser-Doppler flowmeter system during electrical nerve stimulation, with the central nerve connection cut and after removal of neighbouring dilatory parasympathetic nerves. The nasociliary nerve on one side was stimulated proximal to the ethmoidal foramen by a bipolar platinum electrode. Activation at different frequencies, continuously or as bursts with a constant voltage, impulse duration and total stimulus length, revealed that a maximum increase in blood flow amounting to 16.7% after 36 s was obtained with continuous stimulation at 10 Hz. Flow markedly declined during the following 1-min stimulation period. No changes in contralateral cortical blood flow, mean arterial blood pressure or blood gases were observed during or after stimulation. The present study demonstrates for the first time that direct and selective electrical activation of trigeminal cerebrovascular nerves induces an increase, albeit small and transient, in blood flow within the brain.
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PMID:Effect on cortical blood flow of electrical stimulation of trigeminal cerebrovascular nerve fibres in the rat. 232 61

Fifteen patients (8 male and 7 female) with multiple myeloma, who were admitted to our hospital between July 1986 and August 1988 and suffering from pain and hypercalcemia, were treated with synthetic calcitonin derivative (elcatonin: ECT). ECT was administered intravenously at a dose of 10-640 units twice daily. Seven patients were treated with ECT (ECT group), and eight patients received combination treatment with ECT and other form of chemotherapy (combination group). With regard to the pain score (PS), significant analgesic effects in both groups were observed during 1-4 week treatments (p less than 0.05). There were no significant differences in PS between two groups. Serum calcium levels in the combination group at 1 and 4 weeks were significantly lower than the initial value (p less than 0.05). Hypocalcemia was not seen in any of the patients. Urinary excretion of calcium at 1 week in ECT group was higher than the initial value (p less than 0.05). The observed toxicities of ECT were slight nausea and vomiting in only 2 patients. These findings suggest that ECT is an useful agent for the treatment of pain and hypercalcemia accompanied with multiple myeloma.
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PMID:[Effectiveness of synthetic calcitonin derivative (elcatonin) on the bone pain and serum calcium concentration in multiple myeloma]. 233 72


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