Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

On the basis of positive results obtained in the treatment of Sudeck's atrophy with calcitonin, the authors extended their investigation to other forms of localised osteoporosis. Six patients were examined affected by osteoporosis secondary to immobilisation, three patients with osteoporosis of the lower limbs from paralysis of the sciatic nerve and six patients with migrant osteoporosis. Treatment was as follows: pig calcitonin (Calcitar) in doses of 160 u MRC/daily + calcium gluconate in doses of 3 gr/daily. The duration of treatment averaged forty five days. In osteoporosis from immobilisation and nerve lesions the calcitonin treatment did not influence the condition and there was no change in radiographic appearances nor was there any analgesic action. On the other hand, the results were clearly positive in migrant osteoporosis: in all the patients treated there was complete regression of pain, cutaneous trophic changes, and functional loss. At a later stage, normal radiographic appearances were restored.
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PMID:Pig calcitonin in the treatment of localised osteoporosis. 6 20

Ten patients with Sudeck's syndrome were treated with porcine calcitonin. If this hormone, which inhibits bone absorption, is given no later than the first or in the transition from first to second stage, the spontaneous burning pain and, after some weeks, the oedema and increased warmth disappear. Calcitonin is as effective as corticosteroids. But its range of application is wider, because it has fewer side effects and can be administered particularly where corticosteroids are contra-indicated. But it is ineffective in stage III. Synthetic salmon calcitonin is now available, and more effective than porcine, lasts longer and is the drug of choice in Sudeck's syndrome.
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PMID:[Treatment of Sudeck's syndrome with calcitonin (author's transl)]. 7 14

A multicenter randomized double-blind trial on the use of synthetic salmon calcitonin (SCT) was carried out in 94 patients with acute pancreatitis. In addition to strict standard treatment--without aprotinin, atropine, or antacids--50 patients received daily 3 x 20 micrograms = 300 MRCU SCT intravenously and 44 patients received placebo for 6 days. Mortality rate was not influenced, overall mortality being 5.3%. The number of patients without pain and with normalized serum amylase on a given day was significantly higher in the group treated with SCT. Other parameters such as doses of analgesics, leukocyte count, and normalization of seven defined clinical and laboratory criteria within 6 days showed a positive trend without reaching significance.
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PMID:A double-blind trial of synthetic salmon calcitonin in the treatment of acute pancreatitis. 9 76

There are probably 2.5 million patients with Paget's disease in the U.S.; 125,000 of these have severe disease meriting specific treatment. While the diagnosis can often be made by inspection, or by measurement of the temperature of involved limbs, it is often missed. Nonspecific findings include pain, headaches, deafness, heart failure, neurologic deficits and renal stones. A specific diagnosis can usually be established by radiologic examination of the skeleton and measurement of the serum alkaline phosphatase level. Bone scans are often helpful. In moderate-to-severe symptomatic disease, calcitonin limits the unregulated chaotic bone resorption and exerts highly specific and effective suppressive activity.
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PMID:Paget's disease: New treatment for an old disease. 13 63

Paget's disease usually is found in patients past the age of 40. Early presenting symptoms include headache, deafness, tinnitus, and pain due to radicular compression. The diagnosis is confirmed by radiographic features and elevated levels of serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline. Bony overgrowth results in pressure on nearby soft tissues such as the brain, spinal cord, and certain peripheral nerves. The abnormally soft quality of the calvarial bone permits distortion by the weight of the brain. Dorsal inclination of the plane of the foramen magnum and the projection of the odontoid process into the posterior fossa lead to stretching of the brain stem over the odontoid process and the ventral margin of the foramen. Obstructive hydrocephalus may result. Sarcoma of the crainial vault may develop in cases of Paget's disease. Once cervicomedullary or spinal compression has occurred, surgical decompression may be necessary. Three drugs--calcitonin, disodium etidronate, and mithramycin--have been used with some benefit in the treatment of Paget's disease.
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PMID:Paget's disease and the nervous system. 21 14

The response to porcine calcitonin has been assessed in 38 patients with Paget's disease, observed during 44 treatment periods of from three to 42 months. In 36 of the treatment courses significant relief of pain was achieved but the contribution of placebo effect could not be determined. Serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline levels reached normal in a few patients, but the grouped data indicated a plateau effect above the range of normal. The acute hypocalcaemic response to calcitonin was lost only in those patients whose bone turnover was restored to normal. Quantitative histology on iliac crest bone biopsy samples showed no statisically significant lowering of osteoclast counts. No antibody-based clinical resistance occurred and the incidence of side effects was low. The results indicate that porcine calcitonin is a useful treatment of Paget's disease, and the experience of the study helps in arriving at patient selection and treatment schedules. Treatment is recommended for bone pain and for active disease in the relatively young, using intermittent therapy with course of at least six months duration. Resumption of therapy is based on clinical and biochemical indications.
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PMID:Clinical, biochemical and histological observations on the effect of porcine calcitonin in Paget's disease of bone. 26 91

Calcitonin has been used in the treatment of Paget's Disease of bone because of its ability to inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption. This results in a return of bone turnover towards normal, as reflected by urinary hydroxyproline and serum alkaline phosphatase. A plateau is reached with these parameters, at about 50% of the pre-treatment level. The cause of this plateau is unknown, but does not indicate resistance to treatment, since it occurs with all forms of calcitonin. Most treated patients experience pain relief, and there is radiological and histological evidence of arrested progression of Paget's Disease in patients treated with calcitonin. Both primary and secondary resistance to calcitonin occur with all calcitonins, including homologous hormone. Antibodies develop commonly in patients treated with pig or salmon calcitonin, but antibody-based clinical resistance has been demonstrated only in a few patients. Methods of selection of patients for treatment and of assessment of response are discussed, and treatment schedules summarized.
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PMID:Treatment of Paget's disease with the calcitonins. 28 41

Thirteen cases of advanced Paget's Disease of bone were treated with Sodium Etidronate (EHDP) at 20 mg/kg/day for 6 months and followed at 2 to 3-month intervals for 20 months with serum alkaline phosphatase, 24-hour urinary hydroxyproline, radiographic skeletal survey, whole-body scanning with Tc-99m-Sn-EHDP and F-18, external body counting with the same radiopharmaceuticals over preselected areas, skin temperature, densitometry of normal phalanges and bone biopsies. Sodium etidronate had a marked effect on Pagetoid bone in all cases with reduction of bone turnover demonstrated by the chemistries, scanning, external counting, skin temperature and X-ray diffraction studies of the bone biopsies. Normal bone did not appear to be materially affected by the drug. Complications drug dose-related included new pain in 6 cases, two fractures in Pagetoid areas and one case of severe demineralization. There was one case of spinal cord compression unlikely to be drug related. All complications cleared or were successfully treated by the end of the study. Some patients continued to show reduction in bone turnover to the end of the study, as long as 14 months after stopping EHDP. Long-term follow-up is needed for final evaluation of the efficacy of the drug. Sodium etidronate shows promise as an agent in the treatment of Paget's Disease. Smaller doses or shorter courses of therapy or combination of EHDP and calcitonin may be just as efficacious and may avoid complications.
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PMID:Evaluation of sodium etidronate in the treatment of Paget's disease of bone. Osteitis deformans. 40 46

Treatment for osteoporosis cannot yet be prescribed in a perfectly rational manner, as the total picture of the pathogenesis of this disease remains uncertain. Furthermore, lack of significant criteria makes it difficult to evaluate the different therapeutic methods proposed, and none of them appears to be entirely satisfactory. By acting methodically, however, one can obtain good relief of pain, quiescent osteoporotic activity over long periods, and bone remineralization. At the present time, preference has to be given to standard medications such as calcium, phosphorus, and anabolic proteins which are nearly always given in association. Calcium inhibits osteolysis by slowing down parathyroid secretion. Phosphorus accelerates calcium fixation in bone and appears to stimulate the formation of osteoblasts. Anabolic compounds protect the bone-forming framework and assist the deposition of mineral salts in the bones. The prescription of vitamin D is of value when there is a deficiency. Among recent medications which have been tried, only calcitonin appears to be of some practical value, by assisting inhibition of certain flare-ups and lytic episodes of the osteoporosis when associated with standard therapy.
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PMID:[The treatment of osteoporosis (author's transl)]. 43 27

Intraventricular administration to mice porcine calcitonin (10 U/kg) as well as of morphine (3 microgram/kg) elevated the threshold pressure of stimuli applied to the base of the tail as assessed by squeaking, struggling or biting, all of which were regarded as manifestations of pain sensation in the animals. Pretreatment with an opiate antagonist, levallorphan (30 mg/kg i.p.) showed no influence upon the analgesic effect of calcitonin, though it completely antagonized the effect of morphine. The results suggested that a peptide hormone, calcitonin, exerted its analgesic action in a manner distinct from the narcotic analgesic.
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PMID:Lack of effect of levallorphan on analgesia induced by intraventricular application of porcine calcitonin in mice. 45 19


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