Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study examined the use of upper arm and forearm tourniquets for hand surgery. 40 subjects (20 males, 20 females) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: left upper arm, left forearm, right upper arm and right forearm. Tourniquets were applied to these areas. Subjects were asked to rate their discomfort at 10-minute intervals and the total time of tourniquet tolerance was recorded. The results of a three-factor ANOVA revealed no statistically significant differences in either pain rating or tourniquet tolerance between any of the groups. In addition, forearm tourniquets were used in 18 clinical cases. None of the individuals with tourniquet times less than 30 minutes required any medication in order to tolerate this procedure. Of the 13 patients with tourniquet times greater than 30 minutes, ten required medication in order to tolerate the procedure. We conclude that patients tolerate upper arm and forearm tourniquets equally.
 ...
PMID:A comparison of upper arm and forearm tourniquet tolerance. 782 36

Opioid system hypofunction has been postulated in cluster headache (CH) on the basis of reduced opioid levels found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In this study beta-endorphin levels were monitored in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 65 episodic CH patients (32 in remission and 33 in cluster period) and 50 healthy controls. Beta-endorphin levels were significantly lower than controls in CH patients experiencing both phases of the illness (ANOVA, p < 0.0001). The persistence of this abnormality during pain-free remission suggests a primary alteration in the regulation of beta-endorphin in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We speculate that these findings reflect reduced CNS levels of beta-endorphin in CH.
 ...
PMID:Beta-endorphin levels are reduced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of cluster headache patients. 795 49

In a prospective study 60 patients receiving morphine for treatment of mostly neuropathic and musculoskeletal pain of non-malignant origin were investigated. The aim of the study was to determine the characteristics of responders to morphine therapy and the frequency and severity of side effects. METHODS. Eligible patients suffered from chronic pain that had not been relieved despite all current therapy. All of them received controlled-release morphine tablets. Dose was increased in case of insufficient pain relief. Before morphine treatment and at the follow-ups pain intensity was rated on a numeric analogous scale, analgesia and side effects on a four-stage verbal rating scale. Intake of the prescribed and other drugs was randomly controlled by urine analysis. The patients were divided in three groups retrospectively: group I, non-responders who ceased the morphine therapy within 1 month due to weak analgesia or severe side effects; group II, patients in whom the therapy was stopped within the following months despite persisting pain; group III, patients who continued therapy. STATISTICS. ANOVA, chi-squared test, non-parametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon). Results were accepted as significant at p < 0.05. RESULTS. Twenty-three patients were non-responders. Fourteen other patients stopped the therapy after initial response because the side effects exceeded the benefit of analgesia (group II). Only 10 of the remaining 23 responders had good analgesia and minor side effects during the observation time. Constipation, despite prophylactic laxatives, and nausea were the most frequently reported events causing cessation of therapy. Analgesia and side effects in groups II and III were constant during the observation time of 241 (36-1486) days. In groups II and III, 43% of the patients needed an increase of the morphine dosage during therapy. The initially sufficient morphine dosage was significantly higher in group II than in group III; only one patient needed more than 90 mg/day in group III. Urine screening tests in 45 patients disclosed that 18 patients concealed the intake of other opioids or psychotropic drugs, mostly benzodiazepines. CONCLUSIONS. The study showed many problems with the patients' compliance and acceptance of oral morphine due to side effects and lack of analgesia. The discrepancy from other, positive reports might be explained by the extremely selected patients of this study and by the fact that not only responders were included for evaluation. Patients' compliance seems to have been overestimated in previous studies because no urinary controls were taken.
 ...
PMID:[Morphine tablets for chronic non-tumor-induced pain. Which factors modify the success or failure of a long-term therapy?]. 836 76

Since its introduction, extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has become the treatment of choice in patients with urinary calculi. But the pain during ESWL is intolerable for many patients. Tramadol HCL resembles morphine in that it depresses motor and sensory responses of the spinal nociceptive system by a spinal and a supraspinal action. The side effects of tramadol are less than morphine. A prospective study was performed to determine the effect of tramadol in ESWL for the patients with urinary tract calculi. Ninety patients were randomized divided into three groups. Group A 40 patients (male:female = 31:9) received oral tramadol HC1 100 mg; group B 17 patients (male:female = 12.5) received multi-vita; group C 33 patients (male:female = 26:7) received analgesic (contained aspirin 399 mg and codeine phosphate 15 mg). The patients took the drugs 30 minutes before ESWL. The patients with renal calculi > 2 cm in diameter or ureteral calculi > 1 cm in diameter were excluded. The lithotriper used in our hospital is Siemens Lithostar. According to the description of the patients postoperatively, the pain intensity during ESWL was identified with Verbal Scale and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The statistical method is one-way ANOVA. Statistical difference is significant when p < 0.05. The mean age of patients group A is 46.5 +/- 17.1, group B 45.5 +/- 14.4, and group C 50.5 +/- 14.6. The mean diameter of urinary calculi of group A is 0.98 +/- 0.41 cm, group B 1.09 +/- 0.33, and group C 1.06 +/- 0.43.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Analgesic effect of tramadol HCL in ESWL]. 838 52

Twenty patients were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of meclofenamate sodium in headache and craniofacial pain. There were four observation periods of 15 days each: Period 1 was a wash-out period. In period 2, subjects were randomly assigned to a 15-day regimen of taking two capsules a day of 100mg meclofenamate sodium (group 1) or placebo (group 2). In period 3, group 1 was switched to placebo and group 2 to meclofenamate sodium for the next 15 days. Lastly, the patients took no medication for a further 15 days (period 4). A thermographic record of the craniofacial and neck areas was taken at the end of periods 1 and 4. A record of the pressure threshold and tissue compliance at different sites of the craniofacial, neck and shoulder areas was taken at the end of each period. During the trial, number and duration of painful events were recorded daily by the patients, and the level of pain evaluated on a visual analog scale. Mean data were analyzed for significant difference by ANOVA and paired t-test. During the meclofenamate sodium period, there was a significant decrease of days with painful events compared to the wash-out period in group 1 and compared to the placebo period in group 2. In the majority of patients, the meclofenamate sodium period scored lowest or second-lowest after the follow-up period in mean pain intensity. Data for pressure threshold, although not significant, were indicative of a possible increase during and after intake of meclofenamate sodium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Efficacy of meclofenamate sodium versus placebo in headache and craniofacial pain. 843 94

This study compared the efficacy of pain control of two medications, used to treat recurrent aphthous stomatitis, placed under a physical barrier of cyanoacrylate. Thirty patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis were selected from the records of the Diagnostic Referral Clinic at Indiana University School of Dentistry and randomly divided into three groups; one group was a control. Experimental groups received a topical application of either triamcinolone acetonide (0.025%) or chlorhexidine digluconate (0.12%). Medications were covered by isobutyl cyanoacrylate (Iso-Dent). Controls received the Iso-Dent only. Patients kept a diary to record their pain level on a 10 cm visual analog scale until the lesion healed. Ulcer episodes were treated for 12 weeks. Because some patients had multiple episodes, a total of 35 ulcer episodes were available for analysis. The mean number of ulcer days for each group was not significantly different. ANOVA with repeated measures for 10 days on each patient was first performed. A highly significant difference in pain intensity and perception was found at different days (p < 0.0001). No significant difference was found between the triamcinolone acetonide and chlorhexidine gluconate (p < 0.49).
 ...
PMID:Triamcinolone acetonide versus chlorhexidine for treatment of recurrent stomatitis. 846 56

This study had two aims, first, to determine the expectancies of control over pain experience ('pain locus of control') of patients with primary fibromyalgia syndrome (PFS) and to compare them with other chronic rheumatic diseases. Second, to analyse the relationships between health status and locus of control. We applied the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control-Pain and the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS), by interviewing 137 out patients (32 PFS, 32 RA, 20 SLE, 22 AS and 31 OA). Data were analysed by ANOVA and partial correlation tests. PFS patients believed that their symptoms depended on uncontrollable events and that they could not influence their disease by themselves. PFS patients were the most disabled on the 'Affect' (P < or = 0.001) and 'Symptom' factors (P < or = 0.01). In the PFS group, patients who showed a 'Fate' locus of control orientation reported more disability on 'Affect' and 'Social Interaction' AIMS factors.
 ...
PMID:Patients' beliefs about their lack of pain control in primary fibromyalgia syndrome. 850 85

The efficacy of bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzyme measurement, using a lectin precipitation method, in confirming metastatic sites was assessed in 65 patients with cancer and skeletal (n = 44), hepatic (n = 15) or lymph node (n = 6) metastases; the control group consisted of 33 healthy adults. In all subjects, total ALP activity and osteocalcin were also assayed. Our results confirm that isoenzyme analysis is more specific than total enzymatic activity measurement in the identification of bone metastases: the mean for total ALP values was increased in all patients, while significantly high mean values of bone fraction (p < 0.05 by ANOVA) were observed only in patients with bone secondaries. In the serial monitoring of 9 patients with skeletal metastases, bone ALP values correlate with pain symptomatology: a progressive decrease in bone isoenzyme activity was observed in patients with a complete remission of pain after radiotherapy, while a progressive increase in activity was observed in the presence of increased bone pain. The measurement of bone isoenzyme activity is useful in screening for skeletal metastases; levels appear to correlate with the course of bone symptomatology, thus providing useful objective evidence of response to treatment.
 ...
PMID:Serum bone alkaline phosphatase in the follow-up of skeletal metastases. 857 29

We have investigated the effect of chronic lithium (Li+) treatment on stress-induced hypoalgesia, a phenomenon known to be dependent on the activation and sensitization of the central opioid system. Adult female Wistar rats received either 20 mM LiCl in the drinking water (serum level of 0.5 mEq/l, N = 110) or tap water (controls, N = 113) for 28 days. The rats were divided into three subgroups and were trained either by receiving 60 inescapable 1-mA footshocks (IS) while yoked to an escapable (ES) group, or by confinement (NS) to the shock box. As a control for the activation of the opioid system, we included rats injected with 0.9% saline (N = 24) or morphine (4 mg/kg, sc, N = 20) before confinement. Twenty-four hours later, the rats (N = 187) were either submitted to five inescapable (1 s, 0.6 mA) footshocks (shock reexposure) or received no shocks over the same period (N = 80). The pain threshold was estimated using a tail-flick apparatus after the training session and immediately after the shock reexposure. ANOVA followed by Duncan's test indicated that hypoalgesia was produced soon after the training session in the morphine and shocked groups and persisted in the Li(+)-IS group for up to three days. Hypoalgesia was reinstated in the control IS and morphine groups by reexposure to the shocks, but was not modified in the Li(+)-IS groups. We conclude that Li+ treatment prolongs the hypoalgesia induced by inescapable shocks.
 ...
PMID:Lithium treatment prolongs shock-induced hypoalgesia. 858 Aug 72

This report describes the results of 96 infrainguinal endovascular revascularization procedures performed in 86 patients with limb-threatening ischemia over a 3-year period. There were 41 women and 45 men (mean age 72.9 +/- 11.9 years) including 47 patients (51.1%) with diabetes and 13 (15.1%) with renal insufficiency. All patients had severe ischemia characterized by rest pain (18.8%), ulceration (12.5%), or gangrene (68.8%). Twelve procedures were carried out in association with conventional surgical reconstruction and in eight patients with mixed ulcers a venous procedure was performed during the same session. A total of 143 arterial lesions were treated including 61 occlusions (mean length 5.9 +/- 3.5 cm) and 82 stenoses (mean length 4.6 +/- 3 cm). The following techniques were used: transluminal angioplasty in 99 cases, laser in five cases, Rotablator in 24 cases, and aspiration thrombectomy in 15 cases. Nine patients (10.5%) died in the hospital. Initial failure was observed in 32 patients, of whom 18 underwent subsequent surgical revascularization and 14 required amputation of the extremity within 2 months. Analysis of variance was used to assess the following 12 risk factors for initial failure of endovascular revascularization: sex, age, diabetes, renal insufficiency, associated surgery, treatment of multiple lesions, artery treated, type of lesion, length of lesion, quality of runoff, use of an atherotome, and stent placement. Results showed a significant correlation between initial failure and both quality of runoff (12.9% in patients with two or more patent leg arteries vs. 36.5% in patients with one or fewer patent leg arteries; p < 0.05) and type of lesion (14.5% for stenosis vs. 45.9% for occlusion). Mean follow-up was 9.98 +/- 9.9 months and 4.7% of patients were lost. Restenosis was observed during follow-up of 16 of the 74 initially successful procedures. ANOVA was used to assess the same 12 risk factors for restenosis. Results showed a significant correlation between restenosis and both sex (10.8% in women vs. 32.4% in men; p < 0.05) and age (8% for patients > 80 years of age vs. 28.6% for patients < 80 years; p < 0.05). Primary patency, secondary patency and limb salvage rates calculated according to the actuarial method were 65%, 75%, and 84%, respectively, at 6 months and 47%, 67%, and 81%, respectively, at 1 year. Limb salvage rates for the endoluminal techniques used in this study were satisfactory, especially in elderly patients with either segmental lesions or contraindications for distal bypass.
 ...
PMID:Outcome of infrainguinal endovascular revascularization procedures for limb-threatening ischemia. 868 6


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>