Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mastalgia commonly presents to medical practitioners. The majority of patients can be managed by exclusion of cancer and reassurance. In some the severity of pain affects the quality of life and drug treatment should be considered. Since its inception 324 patients with cyclical mastalgia and 90 with non-cyclical mastalgia have received a therapeutic trial of drug treatment in the Cardiff Mastalgia Clinic. Overall 92% of those with cyclical mastalgia and 64% with non-cyclical mastalgia obtained a clinically useful response to therapy. Danazol was the most effective drug, with bromocriptine and evening primrose oil having equivalent efficacy. Many fewer adverse events were complained of by patients treated with evening primrose oil than danazol or bromocriptine.
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PMID:Drug treatments for mastalgia: 17 years experience in the Cardiff Mastalgia Clinic. 154 47

Until now, endometrial ablation (EA) included at least three steps: (1) D & C or hysteroscopic endometrial sampling; (2) Danazol treatment; and (3) the ablation. We have found that step (2) can be omitted if EA is performed between days 2-7 of the menses. This permits to combine steps (1) and (3) into a single stage EA which is a very simple, feasible, efficient and safe treatment for dysfunctional bleeding. Simple: because one stage without hormonal pretreatment, causing almost no pain and only a minimal time off work. It is not more of a burden than D & C with hysteroscopy. General anaesthesia is used in 94% of our patients. Feasible: in one case only (GOPO) the cervix could not be dilated wide enough. Efficient: good results in 97.5%: 67% complete amenorrhea, 24% slight menstrual spotting for a maximum of 2 days, 6% reduced flow and 0.5% normal flow. There are 2.5% failures. When menorrhagia is accompanied by otherwise unexplained dysmenorrhea, the pain is completely cured in 73%, unchanged in 7% and greatly improved in 20%. Safe: mild complications in 2.5% only. We have also combined the two main methods of endometrial destruction: electrocoagulation and Nd/Yag laser. Our 97.5% good results, however, is not a definite proof that a combination of these two techniques is better than either technique alone.
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PMID:One-stage endometrial ablation: results in 200 cases. 156 72

For two years a 19-year-old patient had been complaining of recurrent abdominal symptoms consisting of severe colicky pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Occasionally he noticed concomitant subcutaneous swellings in the limbs. There were no swellings in the face or the region of the upper airway. The symptoms occurred once or twice a month, spontaneously receding within 3-4 days. These signs and symptoms indicated hereditary angio-oedema. Serum concentration of C1-esterase inhibitor was normal (13 mg/dl), but its serum activity was reduced to 16% (normal range 80-125%). This is thus a case of type II C1-esterase inhibitor deficiency. Since starting low-dosage treatment with Danazol (initially, for two months, 200 mg daily, then 200 mg five times per week) the patient has been symptom-free.
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PMID:[Hereditary angioedema type II with predominantly abdominal symptoms]. 204 85

The efficacy and safety of buserelin acetate in the treatment of endometriosis was studied in 4 open non-comparative trials and 2 open randomized comparative trials with danazol. 444 women were enrolled in the buserelin group and 89 in the danazol group. Treatment was for 6-10 months using 900-1200/micrograms intranasal buserelin/day and 400-800/micrograms oral danazol/day; patients were followed up for 6-8 months. Endometriotic lesions improved or disappeared in most women; pain (dysmenorrhoea, dyspareunia and pelvic pain) subsided rapidly. Most women had no, or alleviated, symptoms throughout follow-up, although ovarian function resumed promptly. Nearly a quarter of infertile women with a desire for children became pregnant. No significant differences between treatments emerged. Buserelin treatment was characterized by menopausal-like symptoms in most women, as well as by headache and nausea. Danazol treatment, which also gave rise to these effects, was accompanied by weight gain, myalgia and acne in a considerable proportion of women, as well as other anabolic and androgenic side effects. Buserelin would thus appear to be a safe and effective alternative to the standard therapy, danazol, in the treatment of endometriosis.
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PMID:Efficacy and safety of intranasal buserelin acetate in the treatment of endometriosis: a review of six clinical trials and comparison with danazol. 210 46

In order to establish the current treatment of cyclical mastalgia, a postal questionnaire was sent to 276 consultant general surgeons (over 25% of the UK total), randomly selected from the 12 UK regional health authorities. Surgeons were questioned about their choices of treatment for cyclical mastalgia, after initial resassurance, and for persistent pain. Two hundred and forty-five (89%) responded, out of whom 219 saw patients with breast disease. Twenty-three (11%) of these surgeons were identified as having a major interest in breast disease. Danazol, used by 75% of surgeons, was the drug most commonly prescribed. Initial treatments by non-specialist surgeons included danazol (31%), analgesia (19%) and diuretics (17%), and by breast surgeons evening primrose oil (30%), tamoxifen (13%) and vitamin B6 (13%). For persistent pain 46% of non-specialist surgeons prescribed danazol and 18% surgery, whereas 65% of breast surgeons prescribed danazol and 30% bromocriptine. A wide variety of therapies are used, but danazol is the most common. For persistent unresponsive pain, local excision biopsy surgery is frequently considered by non-specialist surgeons. Breast specialist tend initially to use other methods that are associated with fewer side-effects and reserve other treatments such as danazol and bromocriptine for persistent cases.
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PMID:Management of cyclical mastalgia. 228 96

Several modalities can be employed in managing the patient with endometriosis, and ultimate selection hinges on a number of criteria, including age, extent of disease, severity of symptoms and pain. The current scoring system may underestimate the severity of the disease in some women. For instance, the system does not consider the presence of subtypes of endometriosis in individual patients. Endometriotic implants differ from uterine endometrium in terms of their response to the hormonal milieu and demonstrate a wide range of morphologic development, from poorly to highly differentiated glands. The number of estrogen, progestin and/or androgen receptors in endometriotic lesions may differ markedly from that in normal endometrium. These developments suggest not only problems with current scoring but the possibility of using such innovations as receptor studies to individualize therapy in the future. Danocrine (danazol), an isoxazol derivative of 17-alpha ethinyl-testosterone, when used at appropriate dosages, is an excellent drug for the treatment of endometriosis. Exercise has been demonstrated to markedly reduce the incidence of androgenic side effects that occur with danazol. Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists also appear to be promising for this indication. Further research is needed with these drugs, especially in the area of combination therapy with danazol.
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PMID:Endometriosis. Overview and future directions. 240 16

Fibrocystic breast disease is a source of considerable discomfort in a sizeable percentage of women between 35 and 50 years of age. Earlier treatments designed to reduce the pain, tenderness and nodularity associated with this condition met with little success. It was not until 1971, when Danocrine (danazol) was introduced for the treatment of endometriosis, that the potential usefulness of this synthetic steroid in the management of benign breast disorders was recognized. Numerous studies have substantiated the efficacy and safety of danazol for this application. At one center involved in a multicenter study of danazol, the drug was administered in dosages of 400 mg/d for two months, followed by 200 mg/d for an additional four months, to 25 women with fibrocystic breast disease. Eighteen (79%) of the women demonstrated a marked improvement in or elimination of their symptoms. The majority remained asymptomatic for at least one year after treatment. The side effects were mild and of the "nuisance" variety. These findings are consistent with the overall data reported by the other centers participating in the study.
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PMID:Hormonal management of fibrocystic disease of the breast. 240 18

We report two successfully treated cases of ureteral endometriosis. Case 1 is in a 47-year-old female who had a past history of simple hysterectomy and right oophorectomy. Pathological diagnosis was myoma uteri and pelvic endometriosis. Two months later, she visited our clinic for right flank pain. Excretory urogram and retrograde pyelogram revealed right hydroureteronephrosis and stricture of the right lower ureter. The diagnosis of ureteral endometriosis was made from the past history and clinical features. Danazol therapy started with a daily dose of 400 mg. Sixteen days later, excretory urogram demonstrated complete resolution of the right hydronephrosis. An intravenous pyelography about 1 year after the danazol therapy has indicated no recurrence. Case 2 is in a 35-year-old female who visited our clinic for right lumbar pain. Excretory urogram and retrograde pyelogram revealed right hydroureteronephrosis and stricture of the right lower ureter. Right ureterocystoneostomy was performed unsuccessfully resulting in endoscopic dilation. Right lower ureter was buried in the dense fibrous tissue approximately 5 cm below the crossing with iliac vessels. The area of obstruction was removed. Histologically, endometriosis was diagnosed. Twenty nine cases of ureteral endometriosis including our two cases were collected from the Japanese literatures and reviewed with respect to the clinical features and treatment.
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PMID:[Two cases of ureteral endometriosis]. 266 Apr 99

Danazol, an inhibitor of pituitary gonadotropin, has been proposed in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We report the case of a female patient with SLE in whom a hepatocellular carcinoma was discovered after 4 years of treatment with danazol. Except for 3 days of hypochondrium pain, there were neither clinical signs of liver tumor nor biological abnormalities. An ultrasonography showed 2 tumors of the liver. At histological examination after surgery, one of the tumors was found to be a benign adenoma, while the other was a well differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. When longterm danazol therapy is required, ultrasonography may be useful for early tumor detection.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma after danazol therapy. 284 45

A prospective randomized double blind trial, using danazol in a dose of 200 mg twice a day, was carried out on 80 women presenting with severe cyclical symptomatic benign mammary dysplasia. Standardized scores for 4 parameters of disease severity (breast pain, breast tenderness, breast nodularity and breast cysts) were defined and measured monthly on all patients admitted to the trial. Using nonparametric statistical analysis, significant improvement in breast pain, tenderness and nodularity, was found in both the double blind and crossover arms of the trial. An insufficient number of patients presented with breast cysts to draw any conclusions regarding the efficacy of danazol on cysts. Six months of treatment may produce a more sustained response, than 3 months of treatment. Danazol appears to be efficacious in managing patients with severe breast symptoms due to benign disease.
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PMID:The treatment of symptomatic benign breast disease with danazol. 307 77


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