Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of the adjuvant QS-21 in various formulations on immediate pain on injection after intramuscular injection were evaluated in three Phase I clinical trials in healthy adults. Each trial was designed as a double-blind, randomized, four-way or five-way cross-over study with each subject acting as his/her own control. In the first trial, four formulations designed to evaluate the effect of QS-21 or pH (over a range of 6--7.2) were evaluated: phosphate-buffered saline at pH 6.0 or 7.2, and 50 microg of QS-21 in phosphate-buffered saline at pH 6.0 or 7.2. Thirty-three volunteers received each of the four intramuscular injections in random order separated by approximately 1 week. The volunteers assessed the immediate injection pain from 0 to 10 (none to most pain). The data indicate that the presence of QS-21, but not pH, is associated with transient injection site pain. The second trial, which utilized the same design as the first trial, evaluated formulations of QS-21 in various excipients. Fifteen volunteers received phosphate-buffered saline, QS-21/PBS, QS-21/aluminum hydroxide, and QS-21/4 mg/ml of polysorbate 80. Polysorbate 80, but not aluminum hydroxide, reduced the mean pain score compared to QS-21/PBS. The third trial evaluated formulations of QS-21 in additional excipients. Fifteen volunteers received aluminum hydroxide (without QS-21), QS-21/PBS, QS-21/0.72% benzyl alcohol, QS-21/30 mg/ml of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, and QS-21/8-mg/ml of polysorbate 80. Benzyl alcohol, cyclodextrin, and the higher concentration of polysorbate 80 reduced the pain scores associated with QS-21. Hence, QS-21 is associated with injection pain in simple buffer formulations, but it is possible to improve the acceptability of QS-21-containing formulations through reformulation with certain excipients.
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PMID:Three double-blind, randomized trials evaluating the safety and tolerance of different formulations of the saponin adjuvant QS-21. 1142 71

The present pilot study was conducted on five primary mandibular second molars requiring endodontic treatment to evaluate the clinical and radiographic success of root canal filling material which was a mixture of calcium hydroxide paste (1 cm), Zinc oxide powder (15 gms) and distilled water using hand operated lentulo spirals. All the five cases on clinical evaluation after 2,4,6,9, and 12 months were found to be asymptomatic with no history of pain, tenderness or abnormal mobility. Immediate post-operative radiographic evaluation revealed adequate root canal filling in all cases. The obturated material remained upto the apex of root canals till the beginning of physiologic root resorption. The roots of the primary teeth as well as the filling material mentioned above were seen to resorb at the same rate in one case.
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PMID:A mixture of Ca(OH)2 paste and ZnO powder as a root canal filling material for primary teeth: a preliminary study. 1181 94

Significant selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitory activities were observed for two new 1,4-naphthoquinone sodium salts, sodium 3-hydroxide-2[[sodium 3-hydroxide-1,4-dioxo(2-naphthyl)]ethyl]naphthalene-1,4-dione (impatienolate) (1) and sodium 2-hydroxide-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione (balsaminolate) (2), which were isolated from the corolla of Impatiens balsamina L. (Balsaminaceae). Their structures were elucidated by spectral techniques. Our results offer evidence supporting the use of I. balsamina L. to treat articular rheumatism, pain, and swelling.
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PMID:Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory 1,4-naphthoquinones from Impatiens balsamina L. 1203 10

The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the incidence of postoperative pain after intracanal procedures based on an antimicrobial strategy. Data were examined from 627 teeth that had necrotic pulps or required retreatment. Information was obtained for each patient treated with regard to presence of preoperative pain. Occurrence of periradicular bone destruction detected by radiographs was also recorded. The operators consisted of undergraduate students, who were in their first year of clinical training. Root canals were instrumented and then medicated with a calcium hydroxide/camphorated paramonochlorophenol paste. No systemic medication was prescribed. Approximately 1 week after the initial appointment, patients were asked about the occurrence of postoperative pain and the level of discomfort was rated as no pain, mild pain, moderate pain, or severe pain. Data were statistically analyzed using the Chi-square test. Mild pain occurred in 10% of the cases, moderate in 3.3%, and severe (flare-up) in 1.9%. Postoperative pain was significantly associated with the treatment of previously symptomatic teeth without periradicular lesions (p < 0.01). No other correlations were detected between the occurrence of postoperative discomfort and other clinical conditions. There was also no difference regarding the incidence of postoperative pain between treatment and retreatment (p > 0.01). The intracanal procedures used in this study to control root canal infections showed a small incidence of postoperative pain, particularly flare-ups, even performed by inexperienced undergraduate dental students.
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PMID:Incidence of postoperative pain after intracanal procedures based on an antimicrobial strategy. 1206 29

Pulp necrosis is a common complication following traumatic dental injuries and is related to the type and severity of the injury, as well as to the stage of development of the injured tooth. Endodontic intervention is required when there are clinical and radiographic signs of pulpal infection and its sequelae. Arrested tooth development with periradicular pathosis, external inflammatory root resorption, sinus tract formation and pain on percussion are indicative of root-canal infection in the post-traumatized teeth, and require immediate endodontic treatment. The use of calcium hydroxide in the treatment of teeth with post-traumatic pulp necrosis and its sequelae has been shown to be extremely beneficial for the long-term retention of the injured teeth. Calcium hydroxide has been shown to arrest and repair external inflammatory root resorptive defects, eliminate the endodontopathic microorganisms from the root canal system and induce hard-tissue barrier formation at the apex of non-vital immature teeth. This paper reviews the endodontic treatment required by post-traumatic non-vital permanent teeth.
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PMID:The role of endodontics in the treatment of luxated permanent teeth. 1218 11

Calcium hydroxide is advocated as an intracanal medication for various purposes, including prevention of posttreatment symptoms. This study assessed whether calcium hydroxide had a pain-controlling effect at different times when compared with no intracanal medication. One hundred forty patients participated. Conditions diagnosed were pulp/periapical pathosis with or without symptoms. At least partial cleaning and shaping was completed. At random, either Ca(OH)2 plus H2O paste or a dry cotton pellet was placed in the canals of half the teeth, respectively. All teeth were temporized with Intermediate Restorative Material. Patients assessed posttreatment pain up to 48 h as none, mild, moderate, or severe. The pain levels in each test group [Ca(OH)2 versus cotton pellet] at each time period were compared statistically with a multiple-regression analysis. There was no significant difference in posttreatment pain between the two groups at any time period or with any diagnosis or symptom. The use of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medication was unrelated to the incidence and/or severity of posttreatment pain.
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PMID:Calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medication: effect on posttreatment pain. 1460 82

Pulp exposure due to traumatic injuries in the anterior permanent teeth of adolescents is a common occurrence. A vital permanent maxillary incisor with complex crown fracture and pulp exposure was treated by partial pulpotomy and assessed clinically through pulpal sensitivity tests and radiographically for periapical healing. Partial pulpotomy consisted of pulp tissue removal to a depth of only 1 to 2 mm, then capping the pulpal wound with calcium hydroxide, lining with resin-modified glass-ionomer cement, and restoration with resin composite. At each recall (7, 15, 21, 50, 90, 150, and 250 days), no spontaneous pain was observed; the pulp showed signs of vitality and absence of periapical radiolucency after 90 days. For long-term success, partial pulpotomy is recommended as an option for cases of traumatic pulp exposure in permanent incisors with crown fractures.
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PMID:Partial pulpotomy and tooth reconstruction of a crown-fractured permanent incisor: a case report. 1462 Feb 63

We have reviewed evidence of adverse events after exposure to aluminium-containing vaccines against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP), alone or in combination, compared with identical vaccines, either without aluminium or containing aluminium in different concentrations. The study is a systematic review with meta-analysis. We searched the Cochrane Vaccines Field Register, the Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, Biological Abstracts, Science Citation Index, and the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System website for relevant studies. Reference lists of retrieved articles were scanned for further studies. We included randomised and semi-randomised trials and comparative cohort studies if the report gave sufficient information for us to extract aluminium concentration, vaccine composition, and safety outcomes. Two reviewers extracted data in a standard way from all included studies and assessed the methodological quality of the studies. We identified 35 reports of studies and included three randomised trials, four semi-randomised trials, and one cohort study. We did a meta-analysis of data from five studies around two main comparisons (vaccines containing aluminium hydroxide vs no adjuvant in children aged up to 18 months and vaccines containing different types of aluminium vs no adjuvants in children aged 10-16 years). In young children, vaccines with aluminium hydroxide caused significantly more erythema and induration than plain vaccines (odds ratio 1.87 [95% CI 1.57-2.24]) and significantly fewer reactions of all types (0.21 [0.15-0.28]). The frequencies of local reactions of all types, collapse or convulsions, and persistent crying or screaming did not differ between the two cohorts of the trials. In older children, there was no association between exposure to aluminium-containing vaccines and onset of (local) induration, swelling, or a raised temperature, but there was an association with local pain lasting up to 14 days (2.05 [1.25-3.38]). We found no evidence that aluminium salts in vaccines cause any serious or long-lasting adverse events. Despite a lack of good-quality evidence we do not recommend that any further research on this topic is undertaken.
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PMID:Adverse events after immunisation with aluminium-containing DTP vaccines: systematic review of the evidence. 1517 37

BACKGROUND: Radiosynovectomy is a therapy used to relieve pain and inflammation from rheumatoid arthritis and related diseases. In this study three 188Re particulate compounds were characterized according to their physico-chemical properties and their biological behavior in rabbits. The results were compared in order to establish which was the radiopharmaceutical that better fits the requirements of this kind of radiotherapy. METHODS: Three radiopharmaceutical formulations, tin colloid, hydroxyapatite particles (HA) and ferric hydroxide macroaggregates coated with tin colloid (FHMA), were physically characterized (number, volume and surface of the particles). For this purpose laser diffraction methodology was used. To evaluate cavity leakage of activity the following studies in New Zealand rabbits were performed: scintigraphic images for 48 hr after intraarticular injection of each radiopharmaceutical, biodistribution at 48 hr and urine samples collection during the first 24 hr post-radiopharmaceutical administration. RESULTS: Labeling procedures for 188Re-HA and 188Re-Sn-FHMA were labour intensive while 188Re-Sn was easily prepared. Furthermore, 188Re-Sn colloid offered the greatest surface area in the 2-10 microm range and was obtained with a radiochemical purity over 95%, while percentage of bound activity for 188Re-HA and 188Re-Sn-FHMA were 55% and 92% respectively. Stability was verified for the three radiopharmaceuticals for 24 hr. Scintigraphic studies and biodistribution in rabbits after intraarticular administration of the radiopharmaceuticals showed relevant activity only in the knee, this being over 90% of the residual activity in the whole body at 48 hr in every case. Renal elimination of 188Re-Sn colloid and 188Re-Sn-FHMA was detected by activity measurements in urine samples, during the first 12 hr post-radiopharmaceutical injection.The percentage of activity retained in the knee was 69.1% for 188Re-Sn colloid, 55.1% for 188Re-Sn-FHMA and 33.6% for 188Re-HA. CONCLUSION: The 188Re-Sn colloid was easy to prepare, minimum facilities were required, was stable for 24 hr and showed minimal leakage from the joint after intraarticular injection into the rabbit's knee. Furthermore, 188Re-Sn colloid has greater retention in the knee when it is compared with the other radiopharmaceuticals, so it could provide the best therapeutic effect/absorbed dose ratio for the patient.
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PMID:188Re radiopharmaceuticals for radiosynovectomy: evaluation and comparison of tin colloid, hydroxyapatite and tin-ferric hydroxide macroaggregates. 1504 Aug 7

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effect of a calcium hydroxide suspension [Ca(OH)2] or glutaraldehyde based dentine primer (GDP) to reduce tooth sensitivity after full crown preparation. Thirty-six patients were treated with Ca(OH)(2) on one tooth and with GDP on another. Patients completed a questionnaire regarding sensitivity during crown preparation, when the not-anaesthetized abutments were irritated [cotton pellet (20 degrees C)]. The teeth were tested before (T(0)) and after using the desensitizer (T(1)), again after 7 days (T(2)), 6 months (T(3)) and 30 months (T(4)). The results were registered on a visual analogue scale [0 (no pain)-100 (severe pain)]. The changes of tooth sensitivity between different testing times were analysed. The median and the (interquartile range) for the different time intervals for Ca(OH)(2) were DeltaT(0)-T(1): 5 (6-17), DeltaT(0)-T(2): 17 (14-32), and for GDP, DeltaT(0)-T(1): 9 (7-18) DeltaT(0)-T(2): 18 (16-33), the decreases in sensitivity were lower for DeltaT(0)-T(1) than for DeltaT(0)-T(2) for both desensitizers (P < 0.001). There was no statistical difference (P > 0.05) between the agents (DeltaT(0)-T(1), DeltaT(0)-T(2), DeltaT(3)-T(4)). Both substances might be useful in reducing tooth sensitivity after crown preparation, but no differences in the efficacy were found when comparing the materials.
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PMID:Comparison of using calcium hydroxide or a dentine primer for reducing dentinal pain following crown preparation: a randomized clinical trial with an observation time up to 30 months. 1508 40


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