Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Biomaterial implantation in animals is commonly used for biocompatibility studies as well as examination of long-term interaction between tissue and the test material. An in vitro cell culture model is proposed as an alternative which will save animal lives and reduce the pain and discomfort of animals used for such studies. In this study the biomaterial was matched to the cell types typical of the implant site of the particular material: porous calcium phosphate ceramic, used as dental and orthopaedic implants, with periosteal fibroblasts, osteoblasts and chondrocytes. All three cell types attached on to the ceramic and formed multicellular layers. Numbers of periosteal fibroblasts, osteoblasts and chondrocytes increased 29-, 23- and 17-fold, respectively, during the 10 wk period. Osteoblasts retained their phenotypic expression by producing only Type I collagen. Parathyroid hormone (PTH, 50 nM) suppressed the alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblasts by over 50% and increased cAMP by more than 10-fold over control cultures.
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PMID:Growth of osteoblasts on porous calcium phosphate ceramic: an in vitro model for biocompatibility study. 254 Aug 46

Twenty-four patients (9 M and 15 F, age range 51-82) with polymyalgia rheumatica receiving 6-methylprednisolone for a period of 9 months (16 mg/daily/two weeks, 14 mg/daily/two weeks, 12 mg/daily/1 month, 10 mg/daily/1 month, 8 mg/daily/1 month, 6 mg/daily/1 month and 4 mg/daily for the last four months) were randomly assigned to receive either 250HD3 (35 mcg/day for 25 days/month) (Group A) or placebo (Group B) in a double-blind study. All patients also received 500 mg elemental calcium daily. Before and at 3, 6 and 9 months ESR, tenderness on palpation and subjective pain were evaluated. At the same times, mineral metabolism parameters (serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, 24-h urinary calcium, phosphate and 24-h hydroxyproline excretion) and radial bone mineral content (BMC) were evaluated. Activity indexes (ESR and clinical parameters) improved in both groups. Furthermore, serum alkaline phosphatase and 24-h hydroxyproline excretion decreased significantly only in Group A, and BMC decreased significantly in Group B but rose slightly in Group A. No side effects were observed in any of the patients.
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PMID:Prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteopenia: effect of oral 25-hydroxyvitamin D and calcium. 275 67

The behaviour of muscular metabolism was investigated in 10 patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease stage II at rest and after maximum ergometric calf exercise. The intracellular concentrations of phosphocreatine, inorganic phosphate and adenosine triphosphate as well as muscle pH were measured by means of 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy and compared with those from a control group. In addition, arteriovenous differences in concentrations of lactate, pyruvate, ammonia, hypoxanthine and alanine in the femoral blood were determined. The fall in intracellular phosphocreatine concentration during exercise was significantly greater in the calf muscles of patients with arterial occlusion than in controls and correlated linearly with the increase in femoral arteriovenous differences in lactate, ammonia and alanine. A significant fall in intracellular pH occurred during muscular activity only in the patient group, but not in the identically exercised control group. The fall in pH correlated closely with the rise in arteriovenous lactate difference in the femoral blood. The intramuscular ATP concentration remained constant throughout the exercise procedure. The behaviour of both the directly and indirectly measured metabolites permits the deduction of activation of the creatine kinase reaction, glycolysis, myokinase reaction and the purine nucleotide cycle during exercise-induced hypoxia in the presence of arterial occlusive disease. The anaerobic production of energy is sufficient to maintain the ATP concentration even during claudication pain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Assessment of muscular metabolism in peripheral arterial occlusive disease using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Comparison with metabolite concentrations in femoral blood. 279 50

Twenty-nine patients (mean age, 61 years) received three intra-articular injections of 10 mg of hyaluronic acid in 1 ml of phosphate buffer; the injections were given at three-day intervals. Six of the patients had osteoarthritis, six had Duplay's disease, and 17 had both osteoarthritis and Duplay's disease. The patients were evaluated after each injection and 11 days after the last injection. On all measures of treatment effectiveness, including joint mobility, pain, and analgesic consumption, the patients showed rapid and significant improvement. No side effects were reported.
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PMID:Intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid in the treatment of painful shoulder. 285 94

A new surgical laser, the potassium-titanyl-phosphate 532 nm laser (Laserscope, Santa Clara, CA) has recently become available for investigative procedures in gynecology. This article reports initial investigation of this laser energy at laparoscopy with the use of a flexible fiberoptic delivery system in rabbits and patients with endometriosis. Tissue effects on peritoneal structures of rabbits with laparoscopic firing of this new laser demonstrated the ability to accomplish surface vaporization without bowel perforation or penetration greater than 2 mm. In ten patients with pelvic endometriosis and pain, effective laparoscopic vaporization of implants has been safely accomplished with ease. Early follow-up revealed symptomatic improvement in all patients. This new laser is easy to use laparoscopically, appears safe in early investigations, and effectively reduces early postoperative pain associated with pelvic endometriosis.
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PMID:Initial evaluation of the use of the potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP/532) laser in gynecologic laparoscopy. 294 5

Since the end of the nineteenth century, numerous cases of triorthocresyl phosphate (TOCP) poisoning due to accidental contamination of drink, food or drugs have been reported. Following the ingestion of preparations contaminated by TOCP, gastrointestinal symptoms may occur and after an interval of ten to twenty days, a well-known delayed neurotoxicity gradually develops. In general, the initial symptoms are pain and paresthesia in the lower extremities. In most cases, muscle weakness progresses rapidly developing into a striking paralysis of the lower extremities with or without an involvement of the upper extremities. Severe cases show pyramidal signs. The histopathological findings show axonal degeneration in the peripheral nerves and degenerative changes in the anterior horn cells. Degenerative change also occurs in the lateral and dorsal tracts of the spinal cord. The cardinal therapy is physical rehabilitation.
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PMID:Triorthocresyl phosphate poisoning--a review of human cases. 306 30

The contribution of the Fiorinal and codeine phosphate components to the effectiveness of the Fiorinal with Codeine combination in the treatment of tension headache symptoms was evaluated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter double-blind study. Patients admitted to the trial took two capsules of Fiorinal with Codeine, Fiorinal alone, codeine alone, or placebo during each of two tension headache attacks. Immediately before and at intervals up to four hours after drug ingestion, patients rated pain severity, pain relief, the tense and uptight feeling, and muscle stiffness. The response to treatment was evaluated in 154 patients. Despite a high placebo response, a factor known to obscure the contribution of components, Fiorinal and codeine were each found to contribute significantly to the therapeutic effect of the Fiorinal with Codeine combination. Statistical or borderline superiority of the combination drug over Fiorinal alone was seen most frequently at the early evaluations, a finding that reflected the rapid onset of action of codeine. Statistically significant differences between Fiorinal with Codeine and codeine alone seen principally at the later assessments reflected the long duration of action of the Fiorinal component. The frequency of adverse reactions did not differ significantly among the four study groups.
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PMID:Fiorinal with codeine in the treatment of tension headache--the contribution of components to the combination drug. 307 9

Painful calcinosis appeared at the wrist of an eight-year-old girl with lead poisoning. Careful history revealed that calcification occurred at the site of previous extravasation of calcium disodium edetate (EDTA) used in chelation therapy. Light microscopic, ultrastructural, electron activation, and X-ray diffraction studies demonstrated apatites with some suggestion of an admixture of octacalcium phosphate.
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PMID:Calcinosis at the site of leakage from extravasation of calcium disodium edetate intravenous chelator therapy in a child with lead poisoning. 310 62

155 patients undergoing surgical removal of lower third molars took part in a parallel group, randomised double-blind study to assess the analgesic effect of single pre-operative doses of ibuprofen (400 mg), codeine phosphate (30 mg), a combination of ibuprofen/codeine (400 mg/30 mg), placebo and post-operative single doses of the same combination or diflunisal (250 mg). Patients receiving the combination or ibuprofen pre-operatively took significantly longer between surgery completion and needing the post-operative study treatment than patients receiving codeine phosphate or placebo. At 1 1/2-2 h after post-operative administration, patients receiving the combination post-operatively reported significantly greater decreases in pain severity than those receiving diflunisal. Patients taking the combination post-operatively experienced significantly better pain relief than patients taking diflunisal at 1 and 2 h, but the reverse was true at 5 h. Side-effects reported were mild with no significant differences between the different treatment groups.
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PMID:Ibuprofen given pre- and post-operatively for the relief of pain. 311 14

A case of large diverticular stone of anterior urethra is reported. A 70-year-old man was admitted for dysuria, miction pain and hard mass beneath the scrotal skin. Retrograde urethrogram revealed a large stone in anterior urethral diverticulum and extravasation of contrast medium through the fistula from diverticulum. Open resection of diverticulum was performed and the stone was removed. Three months after the operation, the urethrogram showed no abnormal findings. The stone was 40 x 19 x 17 mm in size, weighed 16 g and was mainly composed of calcium phosphate.
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PMID:[A case of large diverticular stone of the anterior urethra]. 312 May 23


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