Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A highly specific tritium labeled oxytocin (3H-OT) was synthesized utilizing the method of catalytic substitution of halogen for hydrogen. The specific activity of 3H-OT was 19 Ci/mM and the biologic activity was 350 U/mg, which was sufficient for the OT radioreceptor assay. The maximum % uptake of 3H-OT in the human myometrium was observed in 20,000 X g pellets under the optimal conditions of pH 7.4, at 20 degrees C and the incubation time of 90 min and it was augmented in the presence of Mn++. It was observed from the Scatchard plot, that the binding site of OT in the human myometrial specimens was a single type within the range of OT concentration of 0.4 nM to 1.6 nM. The dissociation constants (Kd) and the number of binding sites (NBS) showed a relative increase as gestation advance. The apparent Kd of term pregnancies was 1.25 X 10(-9) M regardless of the presence or absence of labor pains, while the NBS of term pregnancies with and without labor pain was 1.2 X 10(-12) and 4.7 X 10(-12) moles/mg, protein, respectively.
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PMID:Study of oxytocin receptor in human myometrium using highly specific 3H-labeled oxytocin. 22 64

Studies in which the numbers of healed or unhealed ulcers and their correlation with symptoms are availabel are summarized in Table 1. A review of the data and inspection of the Table show that the correlation of GU or DU healing with symptomatic remission is generally poor. The reasons for this are unknown and reflect the very incomplete understanding of the mechanism of ulcer pain and of the pathways through which the pain is mediated. The pathogenesis of pain in GU or DU may be due to the action of acid and pepsin, or of bile, on the tissues exposed in the ulcer crater, to abnormal motility, to normal motility acting on inflamed tissue, to areas of inflammation surrounding the ulcer crater, or to a combination of these factors. The relative importance of each of these variables in DU or GU, or in individual patients (because the mechanism of pain may not be the same in each patient) is not known. Nor is it known how much the pathogenesis of ulcer pain is the result of local release of histamine, kinins, and prostaglandins. These biogenic factors are known to be associated with inflammation and produce, or enhance, somatic pain. Their importance in peptic ulcer in man needs to be studied. Relief of pain after neutralization or buffering of gastric contents with alkali or food suggests strongly that acid must play an important part in the pathogenesis of the ulcer symptoms. The rapidity with which relief of symptoms occurs points towards the direct involvement of hydrogen ions in at least one type of ulcer symptom. Lowering of intragastric acidity by histamine H2- receptor antagonists or high-dose alkali may contribute to the observed discrepancies between ulcer healing and the remission of pain, by creating an environment in the gastroduodenal lumen which favours symptomatic improvement, even in the presence of an unhealed crater. This idea, however, does not explain why there is a discordance between healing and symptoms in patients receiving placebo, or in those treated with other drugs, such as carbenoxolone sodium. In the absence of endoscopic evidence, the presence or absence of symptoms cannot be assumed to indicate with certainty the presence or the absence of a peptic ulcer.
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PMID:Peptic ulceration and its correlation with symptoms. 36 2

The role of lactose malabsorption was studied prospectively in 80 schoolchildren with recurrent abdominal pain. Malabsorption was documented in 40 per cent (16 of 59 whites, 12 of 16 blacks and four of five Hispanic children) on the basis of elevated levels of hydrogen in their breath. Those with lactose malabsorption, however, were not clinically distinguishable on the basis of past milk ingestion (P greater than 0.05), weekly pain frequency (median, five vs. six times), presence of diarrhea (40 vs. 27 per cent) or symptom response to lactose load. In children with malabsorption who completed a six-week diet trial, 70 per cent reported increased frequency of pain (P less than 0.002) when placed on their usual lactose-containing diet. Lactose malabsorption has a substantial role in the symptoms of children with recurrent abdominal pain, and it should be considered before performing invasive procedures or assuming a psychogenic origin.
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PMID:Recurrent abdominal pain of childhood due to lactose intolerance. 44 86

Naftidrofuryl hydrogen oxalate was used for 4 1/2 years in 216 patients with chronic arterial occlusive disease in a surgical clinic. An increase of 1 to 10 times the walking distance could be obtained in over 77% of cases in Fontaine's stage II by a genuine combination treatment with active vascular muscle training and continuous intravenous drip lasting for an average of 28 days. The continuous drip treatment was made possible by a specially designed infusion rucksack 19% of the cases still showed a moderate effect on the walking capacity. By elimination of pain at rest and healing of trophic disorders, it was possible to transfer over 68% of the patients in Stages III and IV to Stage II.
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PMID:[Conservative treatment of arterial occlusive diseases with naftidrofuryl hydrogen oxalate (author's transl)]. 82 7

The healthy or previously damaged pulp responds to most of the drugs currently applied to the dentin with an inflammatory reaction. By means of a standardized biological screening test, the modes of action of hydrogen peroxide and of Falikain preparations are demonstrated on the pulp of the rat incisor. Hydrogen peroxide produces an emphysema of the pulp tissue associated with a slowing of the circulation and partly irreversible capillary stases, whereas Falicain compound preparations (Falicid, Myrex) cause, by way of haemolysis, injuries involving entire areas of the pulp. For this reason, hydrogen peroxide should not be used for cleaning cavities. Myrex is well suited for symptomatic treatment to relieve pain, if removal of the inflamed pulp ensues.
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PMID:[Reactions of the pulp-dentin system to drugs]. 106 48

This two-phase experiment assessed the effects over time of a solution containing 1.09% sodium fluoride, .40% stannous fluoride, and .14% hydrogen fluoride (.717% fluoride solution, DentinBloc) on pain associated with dentinal hypersensitivity. During phase I, 30 subjects demonstrating dentinal hypersensitivity to a blast of cool air were divided into three double blind experimental groups. After baseline data were collected for all subjects, one group was instructed to apply the .717% fluoride solution twice a day. A second group was instructed to apply a gel containing .04% stannous fluoride (Gel-Kam) twice a day. A third group was instructed to apply distilled water. Each subject was assessed at 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks utilizing the "method of limits" with a standardized, repeatable cold thermal stimulus. The results of a two factor repeated ANOVA indicated that those subjects who applied the .717% fluoride solution reported significantly less sensitivity at the 2-week period than the other groups (P < .05). In addition, those subjects whose solution contained the 0.4% stannous fluoride reported significantly less sensitivity at the 4- to 8-week periods (P < .05). Phase II of the study assessed the .717% fluoride solution on a more precise time course. These included: immediately, 15 minute, 1 day, 1 week and 2 weeks. A one factor repeated ANOVA revealed that this effect presented 15-minute post application (P < .05) and continued throughout the testing periods. It was concluded that the fully active 0.717% fluoride solution was an effective agent in the control of dentinal hypersensitivity after two 1-minute applications.
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PMID:Effect of a fluoride solution on dentinal hypersensitivity. 130 75

Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis is a painful, persistent, or recurrent inflammatory lesion involving the cartilage and skin of the external ear. These lesions are resistant to many therapeutic modalities and often recur even after surgical excision. The CO2 laser was used to vaporize the cutaneous nodules and involved cartilage. The wounds were allowed to heal with only minimal care using hydrogen peroxide cleansing and applications of topical antibiotic ointment. Twelve lesions have been treated with no recurrences after 2 to 15 months. There have been no complications or infections following laser surgery. The pain from these lesions is gone immediately following laser surgery. Healing with excellent cosmetic results is complete usually within 3 to 4 weeks.
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PMID:Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis. Successful treatment with the carbon dioxide laser. 128 23

The Authors examined 515 children with abdominal pain in the outpatient clinics for a period of two years. The pain was frequently periumbilical or mid epigastric with a history of more than two months. Persistent lactose malabsorption was found in 252 children (48,9%), which justifies the use of Breath Hydrogen Test as a first diagnostic procedure for assessing recurrent abdominal pain. Putative pathogens were identified in the stool specimens of 21 patients. Oesophagitis was diagnosed in 18 children and duodenal ulcer in one. 91 patients (less than 6 years old) improved after successful treatment of the chronic upper respiratory inflammations. The authors did not find any causes in 18.1 per cent of the children examined and they think that the abdominal pain in these children may be psychogenic. The use of high-fiber diet is proposed for the later group.
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PMID:[Chronic recurrent abdominal pain and lactose malabsorption in childhood]. 226 51

The influence of thoracic epidural anesthesia, spinal anesthesia, and a painful stimulus on gastric emptying, orocecal transit time, and small intestinal transit were studied in nine healthy volunteers. Gastric emptying was measured by the acetaminophen absorption method. Orocecal transit time was determined by measuring end-expiratory hydrogen concentration. Small intestinal transit was calculated from measurements of the orocecal transit time and gastric emptying. Cold pain stress with intermittent immersion of the feet in ice-cold water was used as a painful stimulus. Each volunteer was investigated on four occasions: 1. during nociceptive stimulation of the feet (cold pain); 2. during low spinal anesthesia with block of the afferent nerves from the nociceptive stimulated area; 3. during thoracic epidural anesthesia (0.5% bupivacaine) with block of the efferent nerves to the stomach and small intestine but with intact afferents from the nociceptive stimulated area; 4. as a control study without pain and anesthesia. Without spinal anesthesia, immersion of the feet in cold water was very painful and caused a circulatory stress reaction with increased blood pressure. Cold pain stress in itself did not influence gastric emptying, orocecal transit time, or small intestinal transit. Neither did epidural or spinal anesthesia during cold pain stress influence these variables of gastrointestinal motility. Thus, low spinal anesthesia or thoracic epidural anesthesia in itself did not influence gastric emptying, orocecal transit, or small intestinal transit.
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PMID:Epidural and spinal anesthesia do not influence gastric emptying and small intestinal transit in volunteers. 248 84

We evaluated 10 healthy symptomatic lactose malabsorbers for effect of an oral beta-D-galactosidase derived from Aspergillus oryzae (Lactrase, Kremers Urban Company, Milwaukee, WI, U.S.A.) on symptom and breath hydrogen response to challenge with 50 g lactose. Basally and at 30-min intervals for 8 h after lactose challenge, end-alveolar breath samples were collected and analyzed for hydrogen using gas chromatography. Symptoms were scored at 30 min and hourly for 8 h, rating bloating, cramps, nausea, pain, diarrhea, and flatulence. Four challenges were performed on 4 separate days with at least 3 days between challenges. The first two challenges served as baselines. Just before ingestion of 50 g powdered lactose dissolved in 200 ml water, beta-D-galactosidase capsules were given orally as a 250-mg dose for the third challenge and a 500-mg dose for challenge 4. Hydrogen excretion, quantified by using a trapezoidal method for computing area under the discontinuous curve of breath hydrogen concentration, was decreased in subjects receiving beta-D-galactosidase (base-line I, 346.0 ppm/h; baseline II, 367.2 ppm/h; 250-mg galactosidase 208.2 ppm/h; 500-mg galactosidase, 178.0 ppm/h; p less than or equal to 0.05). Other analyzed parameters of H2 excretion were also decreased. Analysis of symptom response scores showed a dose-related decrease for bloating and flatus (p less than or equal to 0.05) and no statistical difference in the other assessed symptoms. We conclude that beta-D-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae, when given just before ingestion of lactose by lactose malabsorbers, can produce a dose-dependent reduction (statistically significant for the 500-mg dose) in breath hydrogen excretion, bloating, and flatus.
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PMID:Enzyme replacement for lactose malabsorption using a beta-D-galactosidase. 250 73


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