Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a controlled clinical trial Frubienzym (throat lozenges with 5 mg lysozyme, 2 mg papaine and 200 I.U. bacitracin) or placebo have been given to 100 patients with pharyngitis and/or tonsillitis for 4 days. Under treatment with Frubienzym reddening, swelling, matter and mucus in the throat, coughing, swelling and pain of lymphatic ganglions and pain of swallowing vanished more quickly than under placebo. The differences were significant (p less than 0,05, p less than 0,001 or even p less than 0,001; U-test of Wilcoxon, Man and Whitney). There were no side effects which could be attributed to Frubienzym.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on Frubienzyme in a controlled double-blind trial]. 78 19

We studied the clinical results of 100 patients operated after failure of chemonucleolytic treatment with chemopapain for lumbosciatica caused by disk herniation. Secondary surgical procedures were performed because of persistence of sciatic pain and disk herniation visible on CT scan. Post-operative follow-up was done at a minimum of one year. Clinical results were analyzed according to the criteria of Mac-Naff. Out of 100 patients who were re-operated, there were: 14% excellent results, 38% good results, 26 mediocre results, and lastly 22% failures or worsening of the condition. Thus 52% satisfactory compared to 75-95% when surgery is done immediately; 48% of the results were unsatisfactory or worse than before. We analyzed the mechanism of action of papain and suggested a pathophysiological explanation for these results. We concluded that chemonucleolysis with chemopapain cannot be an intermediary step between systematic medical treatment and surgical treatment.
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PMID:[Surgery for lumbar disk hernia after chemonucleolysis. Results and analysis. Apropos of 100 cases]. 134 6

Psychophysical measurements of itch and itchy skin ("alloknesis"--itch produced by innocuous mechanical stimulation) were obtained in human volunteers following intracutaneous or subcutaneous injections of histamine or papain into the volar forearm. Histamine and papain were given in doses of 0.1, 1, or 10 micrograms in 10 microliters of saline. The effects of the depth of injection and of skin temperature on the latency, magnitude, and duration of itch were examined. Also, dose-response functions were obtained for the area of alloknesis produced by intracutaneous injections of histamine. Finally, the neural mechanisms underlying the spread of alloknesis were investigated via local anesthesia of the skin. Intracutaneous and subcutaneous injections of histamine, but not papain, produced a sensation of itch without pain. The latency of itch was shorter after an intracutanous than after a subcutaneous injection of histamine. The mean latencies of itch produced by a 1-microgram dose were 9.5 and 23.0 sec for intracutaneous and subcutaneous injections, respectively. No differences were observed in the magnitude or duration of itch. Similarly, the latency of itch was increased when the skin temperature at injection site was lowered to 15 degrees C, whereas the magnitude and duration of itch were unaffected. Intracutaneous and subcutaneous injections of histamine produced similar areas of alloknesis. However, the magnitude and duration of alloknesis were dependent on dose. The mean maximum areas of alloknesis produced by intracutaneous injections of 0.1, 1, and 10 micrograms of histamine were 28.3, 47.2, and 43.8 cm2, respectively. Alloknesis was present at 2 min after injection, increased to a maximum area without 10 min, and then gradually decreased during the next 25-40 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Psychophysical studies of the itch sensation and itchy skin ("alloknesis") produced by intracutaneous injection of histamine. 176 23

Meat tenderizer containing the proteolytic enzyme papain was tested for therapeutic efficacy in the sting of the imported fire ant. The parameters of pain and itching were used to evaluate qualitatively the sting response in 22 healthy medical students, and the laser Doppler velocimeter was used to assess quantitatively the change in cutaneous blood flow. The results indicated that, during the acute-phase reaction, no clinically or statistically significant difference was found between stings treated with meat tenderizer and stings treated without tenderizer. Therefore we conclude that meat tenderizer is of no therapeutic value in the acute treatment of the imported fire ant sting.
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PMID:Meat tenderizer in the acute treatment of imported fire ant stings. 359 61

The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the long-term development of signs and symptoms in patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain/dysfunction after treatment, to analyse factors of importance for the long-term prognosis, to evaluate TMJ radiography in these disorders and to develop a model for experimental joint lesions where also the effects of intra-articular injections of corticosteroid and hyaluronic acid in such joint lesions were studied. Signs and symptoms of dysfunction in the patients treated for TMJ pain/dysfunction were few at the follow-up and significantly reduced compared with the findings at the start of treatment. Less than one fifth of the patients had had recurrent symptoms of some significance. Poor general health was found to have a negative influence on the prognosis. Few correlations were found between occlusal factors and dysfunction. In patients with extremely long periods of treatment psychosocial factors were evident. The long-term prognosis of TMJ osteoarthrosis was as good as for neuromuscular problems but crepitation often persisted at the follow-up. Radiographic abnormalities of structure and shape of the TMJ generally of a small extent were frequent in patients with TMJ pain/dysfunction both in those examined during the treatment period and in those only radiographed at the follow-up. Findings were frequent also in patients treated for mainly mandibular (neuromuscular) dysfunction. At the follow-up a slight increase in number and extent of abnormalities were found. Signs and symptoms of dysfunction showed poor correlation with the radiographic findings. Decreased number of occluding pair of teeth, as well as crepitation, was however positively correlated to abnormalities of structure and shape. The intra-articular injection of papain in guinea-pig knee-joints constantly resulted in development of joint lesions with individual variations. Treatment of such joint lesions with corticosteroid and hyaluronic acid had little influence on the overall lesions, but the results indicate that hyaluronic acid inhibit granulation tissue formation and development of deviation in shape of the joint components.
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PMID:Long-term development after treatment of mandibular dysfunction and osteoarthrosis. A clinical-radiographic follow-up and an animal experimental study. 658 4

The efficacy of two commercially available throat lozenges (test preparation with lysozyme, papain and bacitracin as active ingredients, comparative preparation with a disinfectant only) has been tested under conditions of a randomized clinical study. Two groups of 50 patients each with the indications pharyngitis and/or tonsillitis, acute or subacute, have been compared under the conditions of an ENT-practice. The efficacy of the test preparation was established by the general amelioration evaluated by physician and patient and the symptoms reddening, swelling and coating of the throat, pain on swallowing and hoarseness, swelling and pain of lymph nodes. It is supposed that this superiority is due to the enzyme lysozyme and papain in the test preparation.
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PMID:[Therapeutic comparison of throat lozenges (author's transl)]. 678 26

(1) Neurogenic inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the vascular headaches of migraine and cluster headaches. (2) Dural blood vessels are both pain-sensitive and show neurogenic plasma extravasation. (3) Endothelial cell (EC) surface anionic sites appear to be a determinant of vascular permeability. We therefore examined the anionic sites of dural EC to determine whether they are different from those of pial and parenchymal vessels. Luminal anionic sites of rat optic nerve EC were labelled with cationic colloidal gold (CCG) and cationic ferritin (CF) and examined by electron microscopy. Employing a battery of enzymes, the effects of digestion of ultrathin sections on subsequent labelling with CCG was quantified using image analysis software. In addition, a gold-labelled lectin, wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA), was employed to locate specific saccharide residues. Of the enzymes with a narrow specificity, only neuraminidase substantially reduced CCG binding. Of the proteolytic enzymes, papain was most effective in reducing labelling. These results show that the luminal EC anionic sites are chiefly composed of sialoglycoproteins. The labelling with biotinylated WGA-streptavidin gold was similar to that with CCG without enzyme digestion. This suggests that WGA is binding to N-acetylneuraminic (sialic) acid residues and not to the neutral N-acetylglucosamine (since CCG would not label uncharged molecules). These results do not differ significantly from those for pial and parenchymal EC. It is therefore likely that factors other than anionic site molecular composition account for the susceptibility of dural vessels to neurogenic plasma extravasation. The relevance of these observations in an experimental animal model to the human clinical condition remains to be determined.
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PMID:Dural microvessels: molecular properties of their luminal anionic sites. 883 82

The objective of the study was to compare cutaneous treatments (heat, papain and vinegar) for acute jellyfish (Carybdea alata) stings. Healthy adult volunteer subjects received a single-tentacle jellyfish sting on each forearm. One forearm was treated with hot-water immersion (40-41 degrees C). This was compared with the other forearm, which was randomized to a comparison treatment of papain meat tenderizer or vinegar. Pain was measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, and 20 minutes using a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS). For 25 subject runs, the average VAS scores at t = 0 were 3.6 cm (hot water) and 3.7 cm (comparison treatment). At t = 4 minutes (2 minutes after treatment had started), the differences between hot-water and comparison group VAS scores were 2.1 cm versus 3.2 cm, respectively. The mean difference between hot-water and comparison treatments was 1.1 cm (95% confidence interval, 0.6 to 1.6). At t = 20 minutes (the end of the study period), the differences between hot-water and comparison group VAS scores were 0.2 cm versus 1.8 cm, respectively. The mean difference between hot-water and comparison treatments was 1.6 cm (95% confidence interval, 0.9 to 2.3). This study suggests that the most efficacious initial treatment for C alata jellyfish envenomation is hot-water immersion to the afflicted site.
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PMID:A randomized paired comparison trial of cutaneous treatments for acute jellyfish (Carybdea alata) stings. 1244 42

Protease supplementation has been shown to attenuate soft tissue injury resulting from intense exercise. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of protease supplementation on muscle soreness and contractile performance after downhill running. Ten matched pairs of male participants ran at a -10% grade for 30 min at 80% of their predicted maximal heart rate. The participants consumed two protease tablets (325 mg pancreatic enzymes, 75 mg trypsin, 50 mg papain, 50 mg bromelain, 10 mg amylase, 10 mg lipase, 10 mg lysozyme, 2 mg chymotrypisn) or a placebo four times a day beginning 1 day before exercise and lasting a total of 4 days. The participants were evaluated for perceived muscle soreness of the front and back of the dominant leg, pressure pain threshold by dolorimetry of the anterior medial, anterior lateral, posterior medial and posterior lateral quadrants of the thigh, and knee extension/flexion torque and power. The experimental group demonstrated superior recovery of contractile function and diminished effects of delayed-onset muscle soreness after downhill running when compared with the placebo group. Our results indicate that protease supplementation may attenuate muscle soreness after downhill running. Protease supplementation may also facilitate muscle healing and allow for faster restoration of contractile function after intense exercise.
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PMID:The effects of protease supplementation on skeletal muscle function and DOMS following downhill running. 1516 Nov 10

Bryothamnion seaforthii, a red alga common to the Northeastern coast of Brazil, was used to prepare the protein fraction F0/60 by ammonium sulfate precipitation. The chromatography of F0/60 on DEAE-Sephadel column resulted in two lectin fractions, PI and PII, which have antinociceptive properties in rodents. We determined the antinociceptive activity of the PII fraction and of a carbohydrate-containing fraction (CF) in mice. The CF was prepared from the dried algae, after digestion with 100 mM sodium acetate, pH 6.0, containing 5 mM cysteine, EDTA and 0.4% papain, at 60 masculine C. A 10% cetylpyridinium chloride was added to the filtrate, and the precipitate was dissolved with 2 M NaCl:ethanol (100:15, v/v) followed by the carbohydrate precipitation with ethanol. The final precipitate, in acetone, was dried at 25 masculine C. The PII fraction markedly inhibited acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing after ip administration (control: 27.1 +/- 2.20; PII 0.1 mg/kg: 5.5 +/- 1.85; 1 mg/kg: 1.6 +/- 0.72 writhes/20 min) and after oral administration (control: 32.0 +/- 3.32; PII 0.1 mg/kg: 13.1 +/- 2.50; 1 mg/kg: 9.4 +/- 3.96 writhes/20 min). PII was also effective against both phases of pain induced by 1% formalin (control, ip: 48.2 +/- 2.40 and 27.7 +/- 2.56 s; PII: 1 mg/kg, ip: 34.3 +/- 5.13 and 5.6 +/- 2.14 s; control, po: 44.5 +/- 3.52 and 25.6 +/- 2.39 s; PII 5 mg/kg, po: 26.5 +/- 4.67 and 15.3 +/- 3.54 s for the 1st and 2nd phases, respectively) and in the hot-plate test. The CF (ip) also displayed significant antinociceptive properties in all tests but at higher doses (1 and 5 mg/kg, ip and po). Thus, CF at the dose of 5 mg/kg significantly inhibited writhes (ip: 7.1 +/- 2.47 and po: 14.5 +/- 2.40 writhes/20 min) as well as the 1st (po: 19.6 +/- 1.74 s) and 2nd (po: 7.1 +/- 2.24 s) phases of the formalin test compared to controls ip and po. The antinociceptive effects of both the PII and CF in the formalin and hot-plate tests were prevented at least partially by pretreatment with the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (2 mg/kg, sc). Moreover, both fractions retained antinociceptive activity in the acetic acid-induced writhing test following heating, a procedure which abolished the hemagglutinating activity of the fraction, presumably due to lectins also present. Finally, both fractions also prolonged the barbiturate-induced sleeping time. These results indicate that carbohydrate molecules present in the PII (26.8% carbohydrate) and CF (21% of the alga dried weight) obtained from B. seaforthii display pronounced antinociceptive activity which is resistant to heat denaturation and is mediated by an opioid mechanism, as indicated by naloxone inhibition.
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PMID:The alga Bryothamnion seaforthii contains carbohydrates with antinociceptive activity. 1526 15


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