Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cleansing effects on pus and debris of streptokinase-streptodornase and of stabilized crystalline trypsin were compared in 40 patients (12 males, 28 females) with necrotic varicose or arteriosclerotic leg ulcers. Both preparations produced significant partial or total cleansing of the ulcers of necrotic material, and both enhanced the granulation and epithelialization of most of the ulcers. Streptokinase-streptodornase was significantly more effective in removing freshly formed damp and smearing pus and debris. Neither preparation prevented the formation of or removed very deep adherent necrotic areas, especially in arteriosclerotic leg ulcers. Trypsin caused significantly more pain than streptokinase-streptodornase during the treatment period and on changing dressings. Both enzymes indirectly reduced the bacterial flora of the ulcers, probably by removal of necrotic wet material.
 ...
PMID:Cleansing properties of stabilized trypsin and streptokinase-streptodornase in necrotic leg ulcers. 687 40

Out of 15 patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) treated with sandostatin, 8 patients demonstrated a complete and 6 partial response. One patient did not respond. Pain relief occurred in all of them. Side effects were registered in 3 patients (doughy stools 4 times a day throughout treatment). Normal blood levels of pancreatic enzymes, insulin secretion, parameters of blood inhibitory system did not change much because of sandostatin administration, whereas hypercoagulation got diminished. Rat experiments have revealed a trend to trypsin lowering in tissues of unaffected pancreas and more intensive inhibition of active trypsin by tissue inhibitors.
 ...
PMID:[A trial of the use of sandostatin in patients with chronic pancreatitis]. 748 9

Interstitial cystitis, a sterile bladder condition, is characterized by urinary frequency, urgency, burning and suprapubic pain. Increasing evidence indicates that interstitial cystitis is a heterogeneous syndrome that reflects an immune response to a variety of triggers. More than 50% of the patients have allergies, 30% have the irritable bowel syndrome and almost 20% suffer from migraine headaches. Increased numbers of mast cells have been reported in interstitial cystitis. Mast cell activation, which is critical if these cells were to be implicated in this syndrome, has been investigated by electron microscopy, which definitively shows mast cell secretion. Recently, methylhistamine, the major metabolite of histamine, and the specific mast cell marker, tryptase, were shown to be significantly elevated in urine of interstitial cystitis patients. Bladder biopsies from 53 patients were analyzed blindly for the number and degree of activation of mast cells using 4 different stains for light microscopy, as well as electron microscopy. Controls included 16 patients with incontinence and chronic bacterial cystitis. Mast cells in controls were less than 10/mm.2 and were all nearly intact. Surprisingly, mast cells from 11 cancer patients averaged 50/mm.2 but almost all were intact. In contrast, mast cells from 26 interstitial cystitis patients averaged 40/mm.2 and more than 90% were activated to various degrees. Therefore, bladder mast cell activation is a characteristic pathological finding in at least a subset of patients with interstitial cystitis.
 ...
PMID:Activation of bladder mast cells in interstitial cystitis: a light and electron microscopic study. 786 1

This study presents the clinical and laboratory findings of a novel syndrome associated with eosinophilia. Two young women presented with marked eosinophilia, and large, non-tender compressible articular nodules arising from the tenosynovium of extensor tendons, dermatitis, episodic swelling of the hands and/or feet and pain in adjacent muscles and joints. Tissue specimens were examined by routine haematoxylin and eosin staining, immunofluorescent staining for eosinophil granule major basic protein (MBP) and rhodamine-avidin or tryptase staining for mast cells. Plasma levels of MBP and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) were quantitated by immunoassay. The first patient presented in 1967 at the age of 20 and had, in addition to nodules and eosinophilia, dermographism, recurrent episcleritis and axillary urticaria. Biopsy of a nodule showed tenosynovitis with necrotizing granulomas, non-specific vasculitis, eosinophils and eosinophil degranulation as shown by extracellular deposition of eosinophil granule MBP. Her symptoms responded to low-dose, alternate-day prednisone and have remained quiescent over the past 15 yr. The second patient presented in 1990 at the age of 28 with generalized pruritic dermatitis for 15 yr, eosinophilia for 2 yr, subcutaneous nodules and non-limiting pain in several joints. Biopsy of a nodule showed chronic mild tenosynovitis, numerous eosinophils and extracellular deposition of MBP. She remains untreated. Serum IgE values and plasma levels of MBP and EDN were elevated in both patients; mast cells were numerous in their synovial tissue. Based on their clinical courses, these patients reveal the existence of a distinctive, relatively benign eosinophilic disorder with good long-term prognosis.
 ...
PMID:Nodules, eosinophilia, rheumatism, dermatitis and swelling (NERDS): a novel eosinophilic disorder. 822 Dec 54

A trypsin-type protease was purified to enzymatic homogeneity from human umbilical vein endothelial cells by sequential affinity chromatographies. The enzyme specifically hydrolyzed dibasic substrates with leucine at the P3 positions, but scarcely hydrolyzed the other substrates tested. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by the Kunitz inhibitor domain peptide of Alzheimer's disease amyloid protein precursor (Ki value, 0.35 nM) and by the microbial inhibitors leupeptin and anti-pain. These results, together with a previous finding of a significant increase in the expression of Alzheimer's amyloid protein precursors (beta APPs) with the Kunitz inhibitor domain in Alzheimer's disease, suggest that the activity of the trypsin-type protease is suppressed by an increase of beta APPs with inhibitor activity in Alzheimer's disease, resulting in aberrant intracellular protein catabolism including degradation of beta APPs and beta-protein deposition.
 ...
PMID:Purification of a trypsin-type protease from human umbilical vein endothelial cells which is highly sensitive to the Kunitz inhibitor domain peptide of Alzheimer's disease amyloid protein precursor. 836 70

Many patients with interstitial cystitis (IC) also have irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), both of which occur overwhelmingly in women, are characterized by pain, and worsen under stress. Bladder and colon biopsies of a female patient with both IC and IBS were evaluated immunohistochemically. There were 40 +/- 10 mast cells (MC)/mm2 (normal, less than 10) in the bladder, which were degranulated. The colon contained 148 +/- 11 MC/mm2 (normal, less than 50), mostly close to numerous substance P (SP)-positive nerves. Histamine, methylhistamine, and the unique MC enzyme tryptase were evaluated in 24-hour urine during two flare-ups. These results may help explain the concurrent presentation and the painful nature of these syndromes.
 ...
PMID:Mast cell and substance P-positive nerve involvement in a patient with both irritable bowel syndrome and interstitial cystitis. 863 18

Activated mast cells are present in human coronary atheromas, as well as in the adventitia of patients with variant angina, and may play an important role in plaque rupture and coronary vasomotion. To assess whether or not activation of mast cells is a primary event, we measured serum levels of tryptase, a specific marker of mast cell activation, in 8 patients with unstable angina during a spontaneous ischemic episode (Group 1) and in 5 patients with variant angina (Group 2) during ergonovine-induced coronary spasm. Blood samples were collected as soon as possible after the onset of pain and ECG changes (0 min), and after 5, 15 and 60 min. Tryptase levels in Group 1 were 0.13 U/l (range 0.017-0.44) at the onset of pain and significantly raised to 0.75 U/l (range 0.05-2.49) at 5 min, decreasing to 0.076 U/l (range 0.018-0.16) at 15 min and to 0.085 U/l (range 0.01-0.25) at 60 min (p = 0.035). Conversely, tryptase levels in Group 2 were 0.09 U/l (range 0.07-0.13) at 0 min, 0.11 U/l (range 0.07-0.22) at 5 min, 0.10 U/l (range 0.07-0.18) at 15 min, 0.11 U/l (range 0.07-0.17) at 60 min (NS). In conclusion, tryptase levels raise during spontaneous ischemic episodes in unstable angina, but not after ergonovine-provoked ischemia in variant angina, suggesting that a primary, yet unknown stimulus, may activate mast cells during some ischemic episodes in unstable angina.
 ...
PMID:[Tryptase levels are elevated during spontaneous ischemic episodes in unstable angina but not after the ergonovine test in variant angina]. 955 75

Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a sterile bladder condition occurring primarily in females. It is characterized by frequency, nocturia, and suprapubic pain. IC symptoms are exacerbated during ovulation and under stress, thus implicating neurohormonal processes. The most prevalent theories to explain the pathophysiology of IC appear to be altered bladder lining and increased number of activated bladder mast cells. A defective bladder glycosaminoglycan (GAG) layer could allow penetration of allergic triggers, as well as chemicals, food preservatives, drugs, toxins, and adherent bacteria, all of which can activate bladder mast cells. Vasoactive, nociceptive, and proinflammatory molecules released can lead to immune cell infiltration and can sensitize neurons to secrete neurotransmitters or neuropeptides that can further activate mast cells. Mast cell-derived proteases can directly cause tissue damage, and it is noteworthy that urine tryptase is elevated in IC. Bladder mast cells are located close to neuronal processes, which are increased in IC, and they can be activated in situ by acetylcholine (ACh) and substance P (SP). Such activation is augmented by estradiol, which acquires significance in view of the fact that human bladder mast cells express estrogen receptors, but few progesterone receptors, which may explain the worsening of IC symptoms during ovulation. Finally, acute psychological stress in rats leads to mast cell activation that can be reduced by depletion of SP or neutralization of peripheral immune corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). These findings suggest that IC could be a syndrome with neural, immune, and endocrine components, in which activated mast cells play a central role.
 ...
PMID:Interstitial cystitis: a neuroimmunoendocrine disorder. 962 89

Pancreatitis is a complicated polyetiological disease rather frequently met with. Inflammatory degenerative changes in the pancreas are the underlying cause of the condition which in acute cases may give rise to irreversible pancreonecrosis, and in chronic ones--to fibrosis development and severe pain syndrome. Of utmost importance is the patient's genetic susceptibility to pancreatitis. The purpose of the study is to assay the role of genetic factors involved in the etiopathogenesis of pancreatitis. The interest focused on alpha1 antitrypsin (alpha 1 AT) arises from the fact that its mutant forms are implicated in the destructive processes within the organism. The reduced inhibitory activity of alpha 1 AT enhances the action exerted by the proteolytic enzymes--trypsin and chymotrypsin [correction of hemotrypsin]. Impairment of the balance between proteases and their inhibitors plays certain role in pancreatitis development. Seventy patients, 44 men and 26 women, are covered by the study, with 42 of them presenting acute pancreatitis, and 28--chronic relapsing form. A high rate of alpha 1 AT mutant genes carrier state is established--14.28 per cent, exceeding statistically significantly the incidence of alpha 1 AT variants in the Bulgarian population--4.95 per cent (p < 0.01). In acute pancreatitis patients the incidence of alpha 1 AT variants is 2.38 per cent, and in chronic forms--32.14 per cent. In pancreatitis patients alpha 1 AT deficit brings about genetic predisposition to serious complications, e.g. chronification of the process. Individual therapeutic approach is mandatory, with Kontrikal used in chronic relapsing pancreatitis in the form of substitutive medication, and in acute pancreatitis--according to judgement depending on the clinical picture and laboratory findings.
 ...
PMID:[Genetic susceptibility to pancreatitis]. 973 26

In this study, lavage fluid was fractionated from the superior joint space in patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. A hide powder azure protease assay was used to assess protease activity in lavage fluid. No correlation between a patient's pain and the level of protease activity was demonstrated. Latent as well as active proteases were detected in the sample lavage fluid. Latent matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were activated using trypsin. Stromelysin-1 was detected in an active form in lavage fluid by immunozymography. The presence of high molecular weight species with protease activity was also demonstrated. This study validates the presence of stromelysin-1 as well as other MMPs in TMJ lavage fluid and proposes a mechanism for their physiologic activation.
 ...
PMID:Detection and preliminary characterization of matrix metalloproteinase activity in temporomandibular joint lavage fluid. 980 7


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>