Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Subplantar injection of 0.10 micrograms of serotonin in the rat resulted in a brief period (0-20 min) of increased pain sensitivity to an applied force (hyperalgesia) which preceded a longer period (40-120 min) of decreased pain sensitivity (hypoalgesia). The magnitude of each of these changes and the duration of the hypoalgesia were dose-dependent. The development of hyperalgesia was selectively and dose dependently reduced by inhibitors of arachidonate cyclooxygenase. The hypoalgesia was selectively and dose dependently reduced by the serotonin antagonist methysergide. Selective inhibition of the hyperalgesia by aspirin and of the hypoalgesia by methysergide revealed that components of both hyperalgesia and hypoalgesia were present in the 10-120 min interval. These findings, the level of serotonin reported to be released in rat dermal tissue, and selective drug inhibition studies suggest that some irritant-induced changes in algesia measured in the rat hindlimb result from release of dermal stores of serotonin. Selective inhibition of the hypoalgesic component of the hindlimb irritant trypsin by the antiserotonin agent methysergide supports this hypothesis. The principal conclusion derived from these studies is that the algesic response to the subplantar injection of a single agent can be the resultant of independent, temporally overlapping hyperalgesic and hypoalgesic components each of different intensity and pharmacological sensitivity.
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PMID:Pharmacological characterization of the algesic response to the subplantar injection of serotonin in the rat. 276 20

Using an immunoenzymatic method, we studied lipase in the serum and urine of 23 controls, 22 chronic pancreatitis patients in symptomatic remission, and in 9 patients with proven pancreatic cancer. Serum and urine lipase and its fractional urinary clearance were compared with those of amylase and immunoreactive trypsin. Lipase immunoreactivity was detectable in the urine of 81.5% of the studied subjects (controls: 82%, chronic pancreatitis: 86%, pancreatic cancer: 66%); its output was higher than the upper limit of controls in 31.8% of chronic pancreatitis and in only 1 of pancreatic cancer, and it was significantly correlated with the urinary output of trypsin (r = 0.487, P less than 0.001), but not with that of amylase. A significant correlation was found between urinary output and serum levels for lipase, but not for trypsin or amylase. Fractional clearance of lipase was of the same magnitude as that of trypsin but only 0.1% that of amylase. 19% of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer showed a fractional clearance of lipase above the upper limit of controls, compared with 45% for trypsin and 3.2% for amylase. No difference in urinary clearance of the three enzymes was found between chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. In conclusion, although of no diagnostic relevance in pain-free patients with chronic pancreatic disease, this measurement can provide information on the mechanisms of renal excretion of pancreatic enzymes.
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PMID:Fractional urinary clearance of immunoreactive lipase in chronic pancreatic disease. 306 42

The effect of combined use of pentoxifylline and solcoseryl was studied in 35 patients with chronic pancreatitis. General clinical findings were studied in parallel with the time course of pancreatic exocrine (trypsin) and endocrine (insulin, C-peptide) function. The blood level of gastrin and changes in intestinal function using 131I-lipids were also studied. The incorporation of both drugs in multimodality therapy made a positive therapeutic effect, resulting in a decrease in the pain syndrome and dyspeptic symptoms. At the same time some favorable shifts in pancreatic and GI tract function were noted. Possible mechanisms of a positive therapeutic effect were discussed. A conclusion was made that the incorporation of pentoxifylline and solcoseryl in multimodality therapy of chronic pancreatitis was clinically justified and determined pathogenetically.
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PMID:[Trial of the combined use of trental and solcoseryl in treating patients with chronic pancreatitis]. 336 55

The present investigation provides follow-up data (up to 36 months) of exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function, inflammatory activity, pain, and body weight in 23 chronic pancreatitis patients submitted to Whipple's procedure plus intraoperative Ethibloc occlusion of the remaining pancreatic duct system between January 1983 and February 1984. Clinically, Whipple's procedure plus intraoperative pancreatic duct occlusion resulted in almost complete and continuous cessation of pain as well as significant (p less than 0.05) increase in body weight. With regard to exocrine pancreatic function (Secretin-Pancreozymin test, plasma amino acid consumption test, Pankreolauryl test, fecal chymotrypsin determination), intraoperative pancreatic duct occlusion was shown to induce high-grade insufficiency and thus exocrine parenchymal atrophy in all patients. Simultaneously, the inflammatory process (represented by serum levels of trypsin, lipase, and pancreatic isoamylase) was terminated in all 23 patients. Endocrine pancreatic function, evaluated by serum levels of insulin and C-peptide measured under fasting conditions and subsequent maximal combined beta-cell stimulation as well as corresponding integrated hormone releases, was reduced by partial pancreas resection by about 50%, while there was no further impairment during the 36-month follow-up period in consequence of additional intraoperative pancreatic duct occlusion. Altogether, Whipple's procedure plus intraoperative Ethibloc occlusion of the residual pancreatic duct system seems suitable for termination of the inflammatory process and thus preservation of residual endocrine pancreatic function in chronic pancreatitis.
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PMID:Whipple's procedure plus intraoperative pancreatic duct occlusion for severe chronic pancreatitis: clinical, exocrine, and endocrine consequences during a 3-year follow-up. 343 10

Human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contains many uncharacterized endogenous opioids, in addition to the known enkephalins, endorphins, and dynorphins. These opioids may be separated by gel filtration chromatography and identified by radioreceptor assay for opioid activity. One region of the chromatographic elution profile, designated "Peak B" has previously been shown to be related to the pain status of chronic pain patients. We now report that human Peak B isolated from the CSF of pain-free elective surgery patients is present at a typical concentration equivalent in activity to 1.4 pmol of morphine sulfate per ml of CSF measured by radioreceptor assay. At a dose of 0.06 and 0.12 pmol morphine sulfate equivalents of CSF (MSE), injected into the cerebroventricular system of the mouse, Peak B produced an antinociceptive effect, the intensity and duration of which was dose-dependent and which was antagonized by naloxone. The mouse vas deferens (MVD) preparation was inhibited by Peak B in a manner that was sensitive to antagonism by naloxone only at low (less than 1.0 microM) but not at higher (greater than 6.0 microM) concentrations of the antagonist. Peak B activity in the MVD assay was unaffected by treatment with trypsin or alpha-chymotrypsin.
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PMID:Partial characterization of a novel endogenous opioid in human cerebrospinal fluid. 368 89

One of the striking features of the proteolytic enzymes as a group is the immense variety of biological functions served by enzymes employing one of a few basic mechanisms. For example, in the higher animals, enzymes for activation of zymogens (trypsin), for digestion of dietary proteins (trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase), for blood clotting (thrombin), for clot lysis (plasmin), and for sensing pain (kallikrein) all appear to use the same mechanism and to have evolved from the same ancestral gene by the process of gene duplication and subsequent divergent evolution. Equally striking is the variety of chemical solutions of the same functional problem, such as the peptide-bond cleavage by sulfhydryl proteases on the one hand and serine proteases on the other.
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PMID:Evolution of structure and function of proteases. 486 30

Plasma from persons with hereditary angioneurotic edema readily developed the capacity to increase vascular permeability and to induce the isolated rat uterus to contract. Both activities resided in a small, heat-stable molecule that was apparently a polypeptide. Crude preparations of the polypeptide were inactivated during incubation with trypsin. They also failed to produce pain and erythema, but caused markedly increased vascular permeability in human skin. These characteristics differ from those of bradykinin, from which crude preparations of the polypeptide could also be distinguished by electrophoretic mobility and paper chromatographic behavior. Proof that the polypeptide is truly different from bradykinin must await its further purification. Histamine played no role in the activities observed. Although the enzymes functioning to release the permeability factor and kinin activities in hereditary angioneurotic edema plasma were not clearly defined, one or more plasma enzymes other than C'1 esterase presumably participated either in conjunction with C'1 esterase or in pari passu events to release the polypeptide mediating these activities.
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PMID:Permeability-increasing activity in hereditary angioneurotic edema plasma. II. Mechanism of formation and partial characterization. 581 21

Serum total amylase, pancreatic and salivary isoamylase, lipase and trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI) were measured in 16 patients with acute pancreatitis, 37 patients with chronic pancreatitis, 11 patients with pancreatic cancer, and 53 control subjects in order to evaluate the relative value of these tests in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease. In acute pancreatitis patients studied within 2 days from the onset of pain all pancreatic enzymes were abnormally high. In chronic pancreatitis patients serum pancreatic isoamylase and TLI were abnormally low in 8 out of 10 patients with severely impaired pancreatic exocrine function, while lipase was abnormally low in 6 patients. During acute exacerbations of the disease elevated levels of pancreatic isoamylase and lipase, but not of TLI, were found in about one third of cases. In patients with pancreatic cancer the pattern of changes in serum pancreatic enzymes was variable since levels within, below and above the normal range were found. The results demonstrate that in acute pancreatitis all serum pancreatic enzymes had the same diagnostic sensitivity, however serum lipase determination is the most convenient because of its simplicity and low cost. In chronic pancreatitis serum pancreatic isoamylase and TLI may be useful in detecting severe pancreatic insufficiency. In pancreatic cancer serum pancreatic enzymes lack diagnostic specificity.
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PMID:Comparative study of serum pancreatic isoamylase, lipase, and trypsin-like immunoreactivity in pancreatic disease. 619 34

In a double-blind study on 19 patients with the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis, the effects of treatment with a granulated pancreatic enzyme preparation (Pankreon) were compared with those of placebo administration. One week of treatment with each preparation was preceded by one week without any medication. The patients kept daily records of their symptoms, plotting the severity of pain on an analog scale. Weekly assessments of the mean pain level were also made by an examiner questioning the patients. Recordings of body weights and pancreas and liver laboratory tests were done weekly. Fifteen of 19 patients noted less pain during the week of treatment with pancreatic enzymes as compared to that of placebo treatment (P less than 0.05). The average reduction of pain, as calculated for all patients, was 30% as evaluated by both patients (P less than 0.01) and the examiner (P less than 0.05). No differences were found in other parameters examined. A possible explanation of the findings could be an effect on the intraductal pressure by intraluminal trypsin.
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PMID:Pain reduction by an oral pancreatic enzyme preparation in chronic pancreatitis. 682 40

To study the effects of stressful stimulus (cold pain) upon postprandial gastric, duodenal, and pancreatic function, nine healthy adult volunteers were intubated and then given two identical liquid meals, (199 cal (789 KJ) 240 ml), each being ingested during a period of irregular fasting gastroduodenal motility. Ten minutes after each meal the subjects received, in randomised order, either a test or control stimulus. The test stimulus consisted of repeated one minute immersions of a hand into ice water, with 15 seconds recovery between immersions, for a total of 20 minutes, while for the control, water at 37 degrees C was used. Serial samples of gastric and duodenal contents allowed estimation of changes in gastric emptying and acid secretion, together with pancreatic trypsin output, by a double marker perfusion technique. Measurements of blood pressure, pulse, and finger temperature acted as extra-intestinal indices of autonomic response to the stimuli. Cold pain significantly delayed gastric emptying and produced a biphasic alteration in both gastric secretion and pancreatic trypsin output, with an initial reduction during the response to the stress followed by an increase during the post-stress period. Our findings show that the normal postprandial function of the upper gut can be measurably disturbed by a stressful stimulus. The coincidence of these disturbances with other extra-intestinal autonomic changes suggests that they are a further manifestation of the somatic response to a stress.
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PMID:Perturbation of upper gastrointestinal function by cold stress. 683 23


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