Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A rat uterine smooth muscle contracting substance was released into the superfusate of the dog's exposed canine pulp after noxious stimulation of the pulp by pricking, heat and electrical stimulation. This active substance was acid- and heat-resistant and was decomposed by carboxypeptidase B and alpha-chymotrypsin, but not by carboxypeptidase A and trypsin. This substance was also tested on several types of smooth muscle. Electrical activity of nerve cells in the reticular formation, which were sensitive to stimulation of the instep of the foot by pinching, was activated by the intrafemoral administration of the active substance. The algesic activity of this substance was examined in cantharidin blister base in man. This study conclusively demonstrated that the active substance of the pulp released by noxious stimulation produced pain and it was identified as bradykinin.
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PMID:Bradykinin as an algesic (pain producing) substance in the pulp. 42 98

Levels of total amylase, pancreatic isoamylase, lipase and immunoreactive trypsin were measured in 27 consecutive patients with noncomplicated (methemalbumin negative, no pseudocysts on ultrasound) acute pancreatitis during the acute, subacute, and recovery phases. At the beginning of the recovery phase (no pain, start of oral food intake), amylase and pancreatic isoamylase were below normal, whereas lipase (12% of the patients) and especially trypsin (52% of the patients) were still three times above the upper limit of normal. None of the patients showed a relapse of pain at the time of oral food intake. The conclusion is that amylase and pancreatic isoamylase reflect more accurately the patient's recovery pattern in acute pancreatitis than the other enzymes. Trypsin, however, may be significant in cases of delayed diagnosis. Thus, the decision to start oral food intake should be based on the patient's clinical state rather than on pancreatic enzyme levels.
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PMID:Correlation of pancreatic enzyme levels with the patient's recovery from acute edematous pancreatitis. 169 57

A 47-year-old female was admitted for a right hypochondrial pain and was diagnosed as having a hepatic tumor with a cystic lesion. After a right and a caudal lobectomy, she died of hepatic failure due to a tumoral recurrence. At autopsy, a cystic tumoral nodule, 15 x 7 cm in size, and numerous other nodules were revealed in the liver. Metastases were seen in both lungs, the left kidney, the colon, the mesenterium, the peritoneum, the diaphragm, and the para-pancreatic lymph nodes. The hepatic tumors consisted of four types of tumor cells: spindle, round, mixed (spindle and round cells), and cells with pseudoalveolar features. All tumor cells showed a positive immunohistochemical reaction to polyclonal keratin, low molecular monoclonal keratin, alpha 1 anti-trypsin, vimentin and to actin in their cytoplasms. This is considered a very rare case.
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PMID:[A hepatocellular carcinoma showing sarcomatous features and an extensive metastasis]. 170 77

Potentialities of current chemotherapy of chronic pancreatitis are delineated. An individual approach is advocated for patients with the primary and secondary disease varying in etiology, for those with and without external and internal pancreatic insufficiency. Indications are validated for application of drugs distinct from each other by mechanism of action and intended for pain relief, of kallikrein-protease and other trypsin inhibitors, replacement polyenzymatic therapy, stimulators of pancreatic exocrine secretion, antihistamine drugs, parenteral feeding, vitamins, detoxicating, immunomodulating and psychopharmacological agents. Approaches to management of chronic pancreatitis and its complications as well as associated diseases are detailed. Chronic pancreatitis sufferers must be followed up and undergo prophylactic treatment.
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PMID:[Drug therapy of chronic pancreatitis]. 187 77

We have previously demonstrated an increase in plasma met-enkephalin levels during the pain attacks in episodic cluster headache. The present study was undertaken in order to clarify the source of the plasma met-enkephalin increase. Recent evidence has shown that peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells contain peptides derived from the proenkephalin A system, which can be released by specific stimuli. We studied neutrophil met-enkephalin containing peptides (NMECP) in 27 episodic cluster headache patients: 24 in a cluster period (6 of them during a pain attack), and 3 in the remission period. Neutrophil met-enkephalin containing peptide levels (after sequential enzymatic digestion with trypsin and carboxypeptidase B) were determined by radioimmunoassay with specific antiserum. Neutrophil peptide concentration (pmol/mg prot) was lower (p less than 0.01) in patients during the pain attack (14.4 +/- 0.36) than after their pain had subsided (36.7 +/- 0.31) and lower than in the remission period patients (35.8 +/- 0.4). We conclude that neutrophil met-enkephalin containing peptides decrease during pain in episodic cluster headache, and that they may be involved in the concomitant plasma met-enkephalin increase.
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PMID:Changes in neutrophil met-enkephalin containing peptides in episodic cluster headache. 188 84

Pancreatic secretion is involved in circadian regulation of the whole organism. This observation was obtained in animals and humans with pancreatic fistulas. We report on three patients in whom the pancreas was removed totally or subtotally because of chronic pancreatitis with severe pain. A segment of the removed gland was transplanted into the thigh in order to preserve endocrine function. The pancreatic duct was drained by a polyethylene tube until pancreatic duct occlusion. Postoperatively juice volume increased within 3 days and remained constant afterwards with 300 ml in 24 hours. Secretin, cholecystokinin and food intake are able to stimulate the transplanted segment in a typical manner. The secretion showed circadian changes. In all patients the pancreatic juice content of protein, amylase, trypsinogen, calcium, and zink decreased till 11 p.m. After 11 p.m. the content of all substances increased and reached maximal values at 6 a.m. Flow rates and therefore output per minute decreased greatly till 6 a.m. The large juice volume of 300 ml in 24 hours is perhaps the consequence of a break down of the feedback mechanism between intraduodenal trypsin activity and CCK-release. The changes during the night may be of pathogenetic relevance. In the early morning pancreatic juice is highly concentrated and the flow rate is very low. High protein concentrations, high calcium concentrations, and reduced flow rates may lead to protein and calcium carbonate precipitates. This mechanism is under discussion in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis.
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PMID:[Exocrine function of a heterotopically transplanted pancreas segment in humans]. 195 40

Subplantar injection of 250 micrograms of trypsin in the rat resulted in a biphasic increase in pain sensitivity (hyperalgesia) with peaks at 10 and 150 min separated by a period of decreased sensitivity to pain (hypoalgesia). Hyperalgesia was assessed by a decrease in response latency to a 3.0-kg force applied to the injected hind limb. Response latencies at 150 min were increased in a dose-dependent manner by pretreatment at 90 min with acetaminophen; phenacetin; the arachidonate cyclooxygenase inhibitors aspirin, indomethacin, and ibuprofen; and the opiate analgesics codeine and morphine. ED50s of 17, 13, 10, 0.48, 1.6, 3.9 and 1.2 mg/kg p.o. were obtained for these drugs, respectively. The hyperalgesia present at 150 min was not affected by pretreatment with antiinflammatory steroids, an antihistaminic, an antiserotonin agent, and an anticholinergic. We recommend measurement of drug-induced increase in response latencies produced 150 min after injection of 250 micrograms of trypsin as the basis for a new sensitive and selective analgesic assay. ED50s obtained in this assay correlate well with doses that are used clinically to produce analgesia. Development of the hypoalgesic component was selectively inhibited by pretreatment with an antiserotonin agent. Additional drug studies indicated that the algesic response to the subplantar injection of trypsin is the resultant of independent, temporally overlapping hyperalgesic and hypoalgesic components.
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PMID:New analgesic assay utilizing trypsin-induced hyperalgesia in the hind limb of the rat. 230 51

Increased viscosity and raised lactoferrin, trypsin and protein concentrations in selectively aspirated pancreatic secretion, prompted us to try depot secretin therapy in patients with advanced chronic recurrent pancreatitis without pancreatic duct obstruction or pancreatic pseudocysts. The idea behind this approach was that it might "wash out" the sticky, protease-rich secretion. In a randomized double-blind trial we administered depot secretin at doses of 800 CU by subcutaneous injection twice daily for 7 days. Pancreatic secretion from the treatment group had significantly lower viscosities and lactoferrin and trypsin concentrations than in the placebo group. There was also significant pain relief. Depot secretin therapy appears to offer an alternative approach to the management of advanced chronic recurrent pancreatitis without pancreatic duct obstruction or pseudocysts.
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PMID:The treatment of chronic recurrent pancreatitis with depot secretin--a preliminary report. 242 19

Serum levels of elastase-1 were measured in 174 patients with pancreatic diseases and in 131 controls and were compared with the circulating levels of trypsin, lipase and amylase and with clinical data. In 48 patients with chronic pancreatitis serum enzyme levels were also compared with the pancreatic exocrine capacity. About 50% of the patients with chronic pancreatic disease showed increased levels of serum elastase, sometimes even in the face of long lasting pain-free periods, and/or of severe pancreatic impairment. On the contrary, serum trypsin and lipase were almost always either normal or below the normal range in the absence of painful relapses and/or in the presence of an impairment of the exocrine pancreatic function. A strict correlation was found between elastase-1 and trypsin (r = 0.778) and lipase (r = 0.834). However, controls and patients with chronic pancreatic diseases behaved differently, an increase in trypsin and in lipase levels being associated in the patients with chronic pancreatitis with an increase in elastase-1 values significantly larger than that observed in controls. These findings raise the hypothesis, at present unproven, that trypsin and lipase serum assays are more reliable indices of pancreatic exocrine function, whereas serum elastase-1 levels may indicate the presence of acute pancreatic episodes, even if subclinical, the importance of which, in the natural history of the disease, remains unknown.
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PMID:Elastase-1 vs trypsin, lipase and amylase serum levels in pancreatic diseases. 244 9

Sixty-one patients (1 to 18 1/2 years of age) with acute pancreatitis were evaluated. In over one third of cases, acute pancreatitis was one feature of a multisystem disease (Reye syndrome, sepsis, shock, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, viral infections). Other common causes included blunt trauma (15%), acquired or congenital structural defects (10%), metabolic diseases (10%), and drug toxicity (3%). In 25% of cases, no cause was identified. All conscious patients complained of abdominal pain, but the location, severity, and duration of pain were extremely variable. Vomiting was a common symptom. Ultrasonography was helpful in establishing the diagnosis and for assessment of complications such as pseudocyst formation. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was used to identify structural or anatomic lesions in patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis. Serum cationic trypsin(ogen) was superior to amylase in the early diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, and was more consistently elevated during the first 5 days in the hospital. Patients were managed conservatively with complete bowel rest, gastric decompression, intravenous fluid therapy, and pain relief. Pancreatic pseudocysts occurred in 10% of patients. There were 13 fatalities, all in patients with a severe multisystem disorder. Recurrences of acute pancreatitis were noted only in certain diagnostic groups: idiopathic pancreatitis, structural anomalies of the pancreaticobiliary tree, metabolic disorders, and (in a single patient) familial pancreatitis.
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PMID:Acute pancreatitis in childhood. 245 30


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