Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Accumulated evidence implicates immunological alterations in endometriosis. The purpose of this study was to look for variations in antibodies to distinct antigens in peritoneal fluid of women with and without endometriosis. Peritoneal fluid was aspirated from 17 women undergoing laparoscopy for tubal ligation and 37 patients complaining of symptoms of pain and /or infertility. Peritoneal fluid antibodies to a standard preparation of peritoneal fluid antigens were detected by Western blot analysis using peroxidase-labelled anti-human immunoglobulin G antibodies specific to the Fc region. Antibodies to distinct antigens were quantified by estimating the ratio of the relative optical density between samples and a standard amount of antibodies. Marked changes were found in the antibody detection to two antigens having apparent molecular weights of 22 and 18 kDa. The intensity of the antibody signal was significantly weaker in the peritoneal fluid from endometriosis patients (0.36 +/- 0.06 and 0.46 +/- 0.06) compared with that in women without endometriosis (0.62 +/- 0.08 and 0.75 +/- 0.06). It was also weaker in patients without endometriosis presenting with infertility (0.36 +/- 0.07 and 0.47 +/- 0.08), but only the 18 kDa antigen result was significant. After adjusting for infertility, the P values for the 18 and 22 kDa bands were 0.03 and 0.28 (not significant) respectively in the group of endometriosis patients. These changes were not related to the phase of the menstrual cycle. These data suggest an alteration in the immune response to two distinct antigens in the peritoneal fluid from women with endometriosis and infertility. Further evaluation of these two antigens and their antibodies would be of interest to help understand endometriosis and its associated infertility.
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PMID:Decreased amounts of antibodies to 22 and 18 kDa antigens in the peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis. LE Group d'Investigation en Gynecologie. 872 97

Cholera toxin beta-subunit conjugated to horseradish peroxidase was used to label the large myelinated (A beta) fiber input to the dorsal horn in a model of peripheral neuropathy induced by tight ligation of the L5 and L6 spinal nerves. Following induction of neuropathy, A beta fibers were present in lamina II of the ipsilateral dorsal horn, a region normally devoid of A beta input. This reorganization of large fiber input to the superficial dorsal horn provides some anatomical basis for sensory changes found in this model of neuropathic pain.
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PMID:Sprouting of A beta fibers into lamina II of the rat dorsal horn in peripheral neuropathy. 873 91

That terminals of uninjured primary sensory neurons terminating in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord can collaterally sprout was first suggested by Liu and Chambers (1958), but this has since been disputed. Recently, horseradish peroxidase conjugated to the B subunit of cholera toxin (B-HRP) and intracellular HRP injections have shown that sciatic nerve section or crush produces a long-lasting rearrangement in the organization of primary afferent central terminals, with A-fibers sprouting into lamina II, a region that normally receives only C-fiber input (Woolf et al., 1992). The mechanism of this A-fiber sprouting has been thought to involve injury-induced C-fiber transganglionic degeneration combined with myelinated A-fibers being conditioned into a regenerative growth state. In this study, we ask whether C-fiber degeneration and A-fiber conditioning are both necessary for the sprouting of A-fibers into lamina II. Local application of the C-fiber-specific neurotoxin capsaicin to the sciatic nerve has previously been shown to result in C-fiber damage and degenerative atrophy in lamina II. We have used B-HRP to transganglionically label A-fiber central terminals and have shown that 2 weeks after topical capsaicin treatment to the sciatic nerve, the pattern of B-HRP staining in the dorsal horn is indistinguishable from that seen after axotomy, with lamina II displaying novel staining in the identical region containing capsaicin-treated C-fiber central terminals. These results suggest that after C-fiber injury, uninjured A-fiber central terminals can collaterally sprout into lamina II of the dorsal horn. This phenomenon may help to explain the pain associated with C-fiber neuropathy.
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PMID:Collateral sprouting of uninjured primary afferent A-fibers into the superficial dorsal horn of the adult rat spinal cord after topical capsaicin treatment to the sciatic nerve. 875 47

The distribution of substance P, a putative neurotransmitter and pain-related peptide, was studied using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method in the spinal cords obtained from autopsy of 10 patients with syringo-myelia and 10 age- and sex-matched, neurologically normal individuals. Substance P immunoreactivity was present in axons and in terminal-like processes in close apposition to neurons in the first, second, and third laminae of the dorsal horn. Smaller amounts of peroxidase-positive staining were found in the fifth lamina of the dorsal horn, the intermediolateral nucleus, the intermediomedial nucleus, and the ventral horn. In nine of 10 patients with syringomyelia, there was a substantial increase in substance P immunoreactivity in the first, second, third, and fifth laminae below the level of the lesion. A marked reduction or absence of staining was present in segments of the spinal cord occupied by the syrinx. Central cavities produced bilateral abnormalities, whereas eccentric cavities produced changes that were ipsilateral to the lesion. No alterations in staining were found in the spinal cord of an asymptomatic patient with a small central syrinx. The authors conclude that syringomyelia can be associated with abnormalities in spinal cord levels of substance P, which may affect the modulation and perception of pain.
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PMID:Distribution of substance P in the spinal cord of patients with syringomyelia. 884 94

Choleragenoid horseradish peroxidase (B-HRP) is a retrogradely transported marker that selectively labels large cutaneous myelinated primary afferent fibers. In adults, B-HRP labelled large afferent fibers are seen to enter laminae III-V, and to a lesser extent lamina I, whereas lamina II, which is the major termination site of unmyelinated primary afferents, remains unlabelled. In the neonate, however, there is extensive B-HRP label in lamina II. The present study shows that the B-HRP labelled fibers in the neonate make many synaptic contacts in lamina II. This supports the idea that large primary afferent fibers in neonatal animals make synaptic contact with post-synaptic targets that presumably process nociceptive information. Accordingly to ameliorate pain in neonates it may be more important to block low threshold sensory input whereas in adults it would be more important to block the high threshold inputs.
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PMID:Evidence that large myelinated primary afferent fibers make synaptic contacts in lamina II of neonatal rats. 886 26

A 45-year-old man with a long history of bronchial asthma was admitted to the National Cardiovascular Center with complaints of severe pain, swelling, and ecchymoses of the lower extremities. A diagnosis of Churg-Strauss syndrome was made because of marked eosinophilia, vasculitis, and a history of asthma. Urinalysis revealed severe proteinuria and microscopic hematuria. A renal biopsy demonstrated extensively crescentic glomerulonephritis. The antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody against myeloperoxidase (MPO-ANCA) level, determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was 494 ELISA units. Under treatment with prednisolone, the symptoms and eosinophilia improved within 3 days. The MPO-ANCA level decreased to its lowest value, and renal function was ameliorated within 3 months. The patient has been followed regularly on an ambulatory basis with a regimen of prednisolone.
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PMID:Crescentic glomerulonephritis and elevated antimyeloperoxidase antibody in a patient with Churg-Strauss syndrome. 938 Feb 24

The distribution and organization of diencephalic projections from the subnucleus reticularis dorsalis (SRD) and the neighbouring cuneate nucleus (Cu) were studied in the rat by using microinjections of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin in SRD and Cu and wheat germ agglutinin-apo horseradish peroxidase-gold in some selected thalamic areas. As previously reported, the efferent projections from the Cu were essentially contralateral and terminated mainly in the ventroposterolateral thalamic nucleus. Less dense terminals from the Cu were also observed in the posterior thalamic group, the ventral aspect of the zona incerta and the caudal and dorsal portion of the reuniens area. Retrograde tracer injections in the medial ventroposterolateral thalamic nucleus labeled numerous cells in the contralateral Cu, with a smaller number in the gracile nucleus. From the SRD, terminals were observed in the lateral aspect of the ventromedial thalamic nucleus, the lateral parafascicular area and, to a lesser extent, in the ventral aspect of the zona incerta and the core of the reuniens area. Retrograde tracer injections in the lateral part of the ventromedial thalamic nucleus labeled cells in the caudal medulla, many of which were located in the dorsal-most aspect of the SRD throughout its caudo-rostral extent. The existence of SRD-thalamic connections reinforces the idea that the caudal reticular formation is an important nociceptive relay to the thalamus. Our data shed new light on old hypotheses suggesting that, in addition to spino-thalamic pathways, spino-reticulo-thalamic pathways may play an important role in distributing pain signals to the forebrain.
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PMID:Organization of diencephalic projections from the medullary subnucleus reticularis dorsalis and the adjacent cuneate nucleus: a retrograde and anterograde tracer study in the rat. 945 81

Physiological studies have shown that afferents from the nucleus paragigantocellularis (PGi) in the rostral ventral medulla underlie the modulation of locus coeruleus (LC) activity by a variety of stimuli. However, there have been no anatomical demonstrations of a monosynaptic projection from neurons in the PGi to the LC. Thus, biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) was iontophoretically injected into the ventral medulla and single-tissue sections were processed for peroxidase localization of BDA and gold-silver labeling of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Discrete microinjections of BDA were placed into either the medial or lateral aspects of the ventral medulla. For medially placed injections, a medio-dorsal pathway to the LC was observed. This trajectory resulted in a predominant innervation of the ventral LC. Lateral injection placements yielded a fiber pathway that coursed more laterally within the medullo-pontine reticular formation and primarily innervated the dorsolateral LC. These light microscopic data suggested that neurons in the PGi use distinct pathways to innervate the LC and are topographically organized within this structure. Electron microscopic analyses of the LC region indicated that axon terminals originating from either subregion were equally likely to contact noradrenergic neurons in the LC. Approximately 57% and 62% of BDA-labeled terminals originating from the medial (n=150) or lateral (n=150) aspects of the ventral medulla, respectively, formed heterogeneous synaptic contacts (i.e., inhibitory- and excitatory-type) with dendrites containing TH. It is well known that the PGi is a functionally diverse region that is involved in sensory integration, autonomic regulation and pain modulation. It is also known that LC efferents are spatially organized with respect to their postsynaptic targets. Taken together, our findings that subdivisions of the ventral medulla topographically and monosynaptically innervate the LC suggest that regionally specific PGi neurons target subsets of LC neurons with efferent targets that may possess analogous functional correlates.
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PMID:Light and electron microscopic evidence for topographic and monosynaptic projections from neurons in the ventral medulla to noradrenergic dendrites in the rat locus coeruleus. 951 78

A 12-year-old girl with a main complaint of sever pain on the both knees was admitted to our hospital in October, 1995. She gave a three year history of recurrent arthralgia and purpuric rashes, and persistent microhematuria and proteinuria. She developed vesicles and purpuric rashes on the hands and auricles, morning stiffness, fever, uveitis and pericarditis. Laboratory findings showed an elevated level of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and iron-deficiency anemia. Serum perinuclear pattern ANCA with antimyeloperioxidase specificity (MPO-ANCA) was positive. A renal biopsy specimen disclosed a focal and segmental necrotizing glomerulonephritis with crescents. Our case fulfills the both diagnostic criteria for polyarteritis nodosa and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. This is a rare case of MPO-ANCA associated vasculitis in children.
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PMID:[A case of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with MPO-ANCA associated nephritis]. 956 75

Recent studies show that neuropeptide Y acts indirectly, via release of a neurotrophic factor(s) from the spinal cord, to increase the neurite outgrowth of dissociated adult rat dorsal root ganglion cells. This study examines further the neuropeptide Y-induced increase in neurite outgrowth. To characterize the factor(s) mediating the neuropeptide Y-induced increase in neurite outgrowth, we have examined whether antisera to either nerve growth factor or neurotrophin-3 influence the neuropeptide Y-induced increase in neurite outgrowth. Spinal cord slices were incubated with media alone or in combination with 10 nM neuropeptide Y for 2 h at 37 degrees C. The supernatant of spinal cord incubated with neuropeptide Y significantly enhanced the neurite outgrowth of normal dorsal root ganglion cells. Antiserum against nerve growth factor had no effect on the trophic actions of the supernatant. Antiserum against neurotrophin-3, however, significantly attenuated the increase in neurite outgrowth. Consistent with this finding, neurotrophin-3 also increased the percentage of cells with neurites. Transganglionic labelling of A-fibres with choleragenoid-horseradish peroxidase in animals treated intrathecally with neurotrophin-3 for 14 days via an osmotic pump showed that the area of choleragenoid-horseradish peroxidase label expanded into lamina II. In comparison, saline-treated animals had no label in lamina II. In addition, neurotrophin-3-treated animals also had a significant decrease in mechanical nociceptive threshold. The results suggest that neuropeptide Y acts via neurotrophin-3 to mediate an increase in neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion cells. These results have important implications for the mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain.
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PMID:Contribution of neurotrophin-3 to the neuropeptide Y-induced increase in neurite outgrowth of rat dorsal root ganglion cells. 969 59


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