Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activity, safety and tolerability of the azalide azithromycin were compared with those of co-amoxiclav in the treatment of acute periapical abscesses in adults in an open, randomized, multicentre comparative study. Patients of either sex, recruited from 106 dental practices in Belgium, were aged between 18 and 75 years and had acute periapical abscesses not requiring drainage, confirmed by radiology. Azithromycin was administered as a 500-mg tablet orally once daily for 3 days (n = 150) and co-amoxiclav as a 625-mg capsule three times daily, for 5-10 days (n = 153). Both before and after treatment, masticatory pain, percussion pain, headache, and oedema and redness of soft tissue were graded on a four-point scale. Overall clinical success (cure plus improvement) was seen in 131/144 (91%) evaluable patients receiving azithromycin and in 142/148 (96%) receiving co-amoxiclav (difference not significant). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence or severity of adverse events or in the number of discontinuations because of adverse events.
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PMID:Comparison of the efficacy, safety and tolerability of azithromycin and co-amoxiclav in the treatment of acute periapical abscesses. 992 11

In this preliminary communication we report our experience with Azithromycin in patients with Chronic Recurring Multifocal Osteomyelitis (CRMO). Seven out of 13 patients, mainly teenager, showed a fast clinical improvement after they were started on Azithromycin. The immediate therapeutic effect of Azithromycin in patients with CRMO was surprising and lead us to the hypothesis that Azithromycin could have an antiphlogistic in addition to it's antibiotic effect in this disease setting. In patients with reactive chronic pelvic osteomyelitis Azithromycin obviously had a direct influence on the sympathic coxitis. Half of the patients reported an immediate reduction of pain and a significant improvement in range of movement after they were started on Azithromycin. In all cases the clinical and radiographic signs on MRI showed a reduction of the inflammatory process. Experimental animal models have recently shown that macrolids have independent additional antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. The assumed local immunomodulatory effect of Azithromycin potentially is an additional activity to the already known synergistic antimicrobial and antiinflammatory effect. Right now we are in the process of collecting data from patients with SAPHO Syndrome who underwent bone-biopsies for microbiologic and histomorphologic investigations. All patients with the growth of propionibacterium acnes were started on a long-term antibiotic therapy with Azithromycin. This study will possibly help to answer the question of the additional antiphogistic/immunomodulatory effect of Azithromycin in this disease entity and the related CRMO.
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PMID:[Azithromycin: an anti-inflammatory effect in chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis? A preliminary report]. 1114 32

Azithromycin (AZM) is one of 15-membered rings macrolide antibiotics with wide spectrum of antimicrobial efficacy for Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and also atypical bacteria. So far, there had been no reports of the prospective studies evaluating efficacy and safety of AZM infusion in patients with mild or moderate community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). This study was conducted to evaluate prospectively the efficacy and safety of AZM in patients with mild or moderate CAP. AZM 500 mg was intravenously administered once daily, and the clinical efficacy were evaluated by clinical symptoms, peripheral blood laboratory findings and chest X-rays. Sixty-four patients were firstly registered, and eventually 61 and 62 patients were enrolled for the evaluation of clinical efficacy and safety of AZM, respectively. The efficacy of AZM in 61 patients evaluated was 88.5%. In addition, the efficacies of AZM in each pneumonia severity index by A-DROP system by the Japanese Respiratory Society (JRS) guideline in CAP were 85.2% in mild and 91.2% in moderate. Furthermore, the efficacy of AZM in each differentiation between suspicion of bacterial pneumonia and that of atypical pneumonia by JRS guideline in CAP were 91.7% in suspicion of atypical pneumonia, and its efficacy was high than that of bacterial pneumonia. Nineteen patients (20 cases; 15 with liver dysfunction, 4 with diarrhea, 1 with vascular pain) out of 62 patients were reported to have possible adverse effects of AZM. All of the patients with these adverse effects demonstrated mild dysfunction and continued AZM treatment, and these dysfunctions normalized soon after cessation of AZM. In conclusion, AZM is effective drug for patients with mild or moderate CAP, and we believe that it may be one of effective choice in the treatment of CAP patients who need hospitalization.
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PMID:[Efficacy and safety of azithromycin infusion in patients with mild or moderate community-acquired pneumonia]. 2516 52

Non-cystic fibrosis (non-CF) bronchiectasis is a condition characterized by an airway inflammatory response to bacterial pathogens. Frequent exacerbations have a major influence on the quality of life. Macrolide antibiotics have not only antibacterial but also immune-regulation effects. It is proved that macrolides have a benefit in preventing exacerbations. However, it is still uncertain whether azithromycin or erythromycin is more effective and safe. The purpose of this study was to answer the following question: Which kind of macrolide antibiotic is more effective and safe in preventing non-CF bronchiectasis exacerbation? We conducted a systematic review to identify randomized clinical trials published up to May 2017 that reported on macrolides for non-CF bronchiectasis and an adjusted indirect treatment comparison (AITC) between macrolides to evaluate their efficacy and safety. The direct comparison meta-analysis found that macrolides decreased the rate of exacerbation of non-CF bronchiectasis (risk ratio (RR) = 0.45; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.36-0.55) with heterogeneity ( I2 = 63.7%, p = 0.064). The AITC showed that azithromycin had a significantly lower bronchiectasis exacerbation rate than erythromycin (RR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.403-0.947). Azithromycin increased the risk of diarrhea and abnormal pain. This meta-analysis suggested that long-term treatment with macrolides significantly reduced the incidence of non-CF bronchiectasis exacerbation. Moreover, azithromycin is more efficient than roxithromycin and erythromycin in preventing exacerbation.
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PMID:Azithromycin or erythromycin? Macrolides for non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in adults: A systematic review and adjusted indirect treatment comparison. 3010 13

After spinal cord injury (SCI), macrophages infiltrate into the lesion and can adopt a wide spectrum of activation states. However, the pro-inflammatory, pathological macrophage activation state predominates and contributes to progressive neurodegeneration. Azithromycin (AZM), an FDA approved macrolide antibiotic, has been demonstrated to have immunomodulatory properties in a variety of inflammatory conditions. Indeed, we previously observed that post-SCI AZM treatment reduces pro-inflammatory macrophage activation. Further, a combined pre- and post-injury treatment paradigm improved functional recovery from SCI. Therefore, for the current study, we hypothesize that post-injury AZM treatment will improve recovery from SCI. To test this hypothesis, we examined the therapeutic potential of delayed AZM treatment on locomotor, sensory, and anatomical recovery. We administered AZM beginning 30-min, 3-h, or 24-h following contusion SCI in female mice, and then daily for 7 days. AZM administration beginning 30-min and 3-h post-injury improved locomotor recovery with increased stepping function relative to vehicle controls. Further, delaying treatment for 30-min after SCI significantly reduced lesion pathology. Initiating AZM treatment 24-h post-injury was not therapeutically effective. Regardless of the timing of the initial treatment, AZM did not statistically reduce the development of neuropathic pain (mechanical allodynia) nor increase neuron survival. Collectively, these results add to a growing body of evidence supporting AZM's translational potential as a therapeutic agent for SCI and other neuroinflammatory conditions in which patients currently have very few options.
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PMID:Delayed Azithromycin Treatment Improves Recovery After Mouse Spinal Cord Injury. 3178 Aug 96