Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The efficacy of an organo-heparinoid ointment (Hirudoid 40,000) compared with a placebo ointment was tested in a double blind trial on 40 patients with post-operative infusion thrombophlebitis. It was possible to provide objective data by means of the 125I-fibrinogen test for accelerated regression of thrombi following treatment with organo-heparinoid. The differences found between the 2 treatment groups were statistically significant. The clinical results conformed largely to the measured data. Especially pain and swelling were favourably affected by treatment with the active compound. 1 case of local allergic reaction to organo-heparinoid was observed. No further side-effects were seen.
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PMID:[Controlled study on the efficacy of external treatment in surface-near thrombophlebitis]. 6 96

A prospective randomized trial on the treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis has been performed in 68 patients randomized to either Hirudoid cream, piroxicam gel or placebo. Both spontaneous and infusion thrombophlebitis were included. Treatment effect was evaluated using the status of thrombophlebitis, the thrombophlebitic area, pain intensity with a visual analogue scale, and side effects were registered. Both in the treatment groups and the placebo group there was a significant decrease of signs and symptoms during the treatment period. There was no statistical difference between the treatment groups and no difference between spontaneous and infusion thrombophlebitis.
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PMID:Treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis. A comparative trial between placebo, Hirudoid cream and piroxicam gel. 169 99

Superficial vein thrombosis is characterized by clotting of superficial veins (ie, following direct trauma) with minimal inflammatory components. Superficial thrombophlebitis is a minimally thrombotic process of superficial veins associated with inflammatory changes and/or infection. Treatments generally include analgesics, elastic compression, anti-inflammatory agents, exercise and ambulation, and, in some cases, local or systemic anticoagulants. It is better to avoid bed rest and reduced mobility. Topical analgesia with nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory creams applied locally to the superficial vein thrombosis/superficial thrombophlebitis area controls symptoms. Hirudoid cream (heparinoid) shortens the duration of signs/symptoms. Locally acting anticoagulants/antithrombotics (Viatromb, Lipohep, spray Na-heparin) have positive effects on pain and on the reduction in thrombus size. Intravenous catheters should be changed every 24 to 48 hours (depending on venous flow and clinical parameters) to prevent superficial vein thrombosis/superficial thrombophlebitis and removed in case of events. Low molecular weight heparin prophylaxis and nitroglycerin patches distal to peripheral lines may reduce the incidence of superficial vein thrombosis/superficial thrombophlebitis in patients with vein catheters. In case of superficial vein thrombosis/superficial thrombophlebitis, vein lines should be removed. In neoplastic diseases and hematological disorders, anticoagulants may be necessary. Exercise reduces pain and the possibility of deep vein thrombosis. Only in cases in which pain is very severe is bed rest necessary. Deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis should be established in patients with reduced mobility. Antibiotics usually do not have a place in superficial vein thrombosis/superficial thrombophlebitis unless there are documented infections. Prevention of superficial vein thrombosis should be considered on the basis of patient's history and clinical evaluation.
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PMID:Management of superficial vein thrombosis and thrombophlebitis: status and expert opinion document. 1747 77

Effective treatment of peripheral vascular disorders is important not only for resolution of local symptoms but also for preventing the development of systemic conditions such as deep vein thrombosis. Topical heparins are widely used in Europe for the prevention and treatment of local symptoms associated with peripheral vascular disorders. This comprehensive review of the literature evaluated the efficacy and safety of topically applied heparins for the treatment of vascular disorders. A total of 1055 patients participated in a total of 20 studies that compared topical heparin formulations with placebo, no treatment, subcutaneous heparin or with each other in the treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis or venous insufficiency. Heparin gel 1000 IU/g (Lioton) 1000 gel, Menaven) 1000 gel) was more effective than placebo in reducing the signs and symptoms of superficial thrombophlebitis. Liposomal heparin gel 2400 IU/g (LipoHep Forte) was as effective as subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin at relieving local symptoms of superficial venous thrombosis. In head-to-head studies comparing different topical heparin formulations, all preparations appeared effective but heparin gel 1000 IU/g was superior to a heparinoid mucopolysaccharide cream (Hirudoid) in patients with vascular disorders in terms of resolving spontaneous pain, induced pain, oedema and heaviness in the limb. Another study demonstrated the superiority of heparin gel 1000 IU/g compared with a gel formulation containing heparin 100 IU/g, aescinate and essential phospholipids (Essaven), for symptom resolution. All treatments were generally well tolerated, with a relatively low incidence of local skin events. In summary, topical heparin preparations may be useful for relieving the signs and symptoms of vascular disorders while improving microcirculation. There is some evidence to suggest that heparin gel 1000 IU/g may be more effective than other topical preparations in treating these conditions, possibly because of the relatively high heparin levels in this formulation. This remains to be tested in well controlled, adequately powered clinical trials.
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PMID:Topically applied heparins for the treatment of vascular disorders : a comprehensive review. 1878 99