Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new technique was developed that combines topical and subconjunctival sub-Tenon's anesthesia, with the goal of enhancing the topical anesthesia by blocking the perilimbal nerve plexus and the long posterior ciliary nerves as they pass intrasclerally in the horizontal hemimeridians of the eye. In this technique-circumferential peribulbar anesthesia-topical 4% lidocaine hydrochloride (Xylocaine) is administered, followed by a subconjunctival injection of 0.25 cc 4% Xylocaine 3.0 to 4.0 mm superior to the limbus. Then, the anesthetic is spread 360 degrees around the limbus. Medical records and postoperative interviews of 68 consecutive patients having phacoemulsification with circumferential peribulbar anesthesia showed no reports of intraoperative pain.
 ...
PMID:Circumferential perilimbal anesthesia. 910 94

Topical anesthetics are routinely used to reduce the pain and discomfort that patients may experience during dental injections. Just recently, however, an anesthesia (Electronic Dental Anesthesia or EDA) which works by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) was introduced to the dental profession. The purpose of this study was to determine whether an electrical signal as provided by an EDA is more effective than topical anesthesia in reducing pain and discomfort caused by local anesthetic injections. Two nasopalatine block injections, one using and EDA as the adjunct, and the other using a topical anesthetic ointment of Xylocaine 5% were performed on thirty-four patients. The volunteers were asked on the spot to report the level of the pain they felt during the penetration of the needle to the mucosa, during the deposition of local anesthetic solution, and their overall evaluation of the injections. The results of this investigation showed that the EDA is the more effective adjunct for local anesthetic injections compared to the traditional topical anesthetics.
 ...
PMID:Electronic dental anesthesia versus topical anesthesia for the control of pain caused by nasopalatine block injections. 946 76

In today's dental practice, local anesthesia is safe and effective, and injectable agents only rarely cause allergy. Ester-type agents, like procaine, which served the profession for over 50 years, have now been abandoned and are no longer available in dental cartridges in the U.S. Modern practitioners know of their disadvantages only through historical accounts of local anesthesia, and utilize daily the excellent chemical and pharmacologic characteristics of the amide local anesthetics, a tradition begun with the introduction of Xylocaine in the late 1940s and a tradition which will likely continue into the 21st century. The reader is referred to Table III for a comparison of quantities and dollar-value of sales of amide local anesthetics available in dental cartridges (17). In order to supplant Xylocaine (lidocaine) as a preferred local anesthetic in dentistry, any new agent will have to prove that it is superior in terms of short onset, appropriate duration, stability, excellent safety record, low allergenicity, and topical efficacy. As our understanding of the molecular structure of ion channels and the interactions of local anesthetics with neural sodium channels increase, new agents can be developed rationally. In the meantime, the amide local anesthetics will continue to serve dentists and their patients by providing safe and effective control of pain to facilitate ever-advancing surgical and restorative techniques.
 ...
PMID:Xylocaine: 50 years of clinical service to dentistry. 966 95

Although the application of a topical local anaesthetic before fibreoptic nasendoscopy is routine practice in many otolaryngological outpatients, the actual benefit to the patient of this procedure remains in doubt. Eighty-two patients were recruited in this double-blind randomized control trial which compared the patients' experiences of fibreoptic nasendoscopy with nasal preparations of Xylocaine (lidocaine), normal saline, and no spray to the nose and throat. A visual analogue scoring system was used to determine scores for the overall unpleasantness of procedure, receiving a spray, and taste of the spray, and pain. This study has shown significantly worse overall experience (P = 0.001) and pain (P = 0.048) scores for Xylocaine spray versus no spray. It is concluded that the routine use of topical local anaesthetics within the nose before routine fibreoptic nasendoscopy is not only of no value, but actually makes the experience worse for the patient.
 ...
PMID:Is local anaesthesia actually beneficial in flexible fibreoptic nasendoscopy? 966 77

This study was designed to determine if an electrical signal can effectively control the pain caused by injection of local anesthesia for mildly and moderately apprehensive patients. Five techniques were used in this study: the Mandibular Block injection, Long Buccal nerve injection, Maxillary Infiltration injection, Incisive Papilla injection, and the Great Palatine nerve injection. Two injections, using the Electronic Dental Anesthesia (EDA/EA) as the adjunct, and the other using a topical anesthetic ointment of Xylocaine 5%, were performed on 30 patients who passed the criteria we have set including the indications for use of the EDA. The volunteers were asked on the spot to report the level of pain they felt during the penetration of the needle in the mucosa, and during the deposition of the local anesthetic solution. A pool of 47 patients were gathered for this experiment. Of this number, 11 failed to pass for reasons of high-anxiety level and 2 were contraindicated for use of the EDA. Of the 34 who successfully passed the screening, only 30 patients were chosen. A total of 6 patients each, 3 males and 3 females, were used for the five techniques. The results of this study show that in all five injection techniques, the EDA is effective in blocking pain transmission. The EDA is proven to be an effective adjunct to local anesthetic injections.
 ...
PMID:Effectivity of the Electronic Dental Anesthesia in controlling pain caused by local anesthetic injections. 1059 56

In this study, four anesthetic agents of different forms and contents, namely: EMLA 5% Cream (lidocaine 2.5 percent, prilocaine 2.5 percent), Vision-Gel (benzocaine 20 percent), Anesthetic Tabs (tetracaine hydrochloride 0.68 mg, cincocain hydrochloride 0.02 mg), Xylocaine 10% aerosol (lidocaine 10 percent) were evaluated in terms of effectiveness in decreasing the intra-oral injection pain. Six groups each consisting of 20 children were constituted from 120 children aged between 10-15 years. The responses of the patients to the pain were evaluated using a visual analogue scale. Consequently, of all the other anesthetic agents used in the present study, Vision Gel was observed to be the most effective.
 ...
PMID:Four types of topical anaesthetic agents: evaluation of clinical effectiveness. 1068 68

Since the introduction of cocaine local analgesia in 1886, and the subsequent development of procaine (1904) and other closely related ester-type compounds, dentistry has prided itself on being as close to 'painless' as possible. In the late 1940s the newest group of the local anesthetic compounds, the amides, was introduced. The initial amide local analgesic, lignocaine (Xylocaine), revolutionised pain control in dentistry worldwide. In succeeding years other amide-type local anesthetics, mepivacaine, prilocaine, bupivacaine and etidocaine, were introduced. They gave the dental practitioner a local anesthetic armamentarium which provided pulpal analgesia for periods of from 20 minutes (mepivacaine) to as long as three hours (bupivacaine and etidocaine with adrenaline). In addition these popular drugs proved to be more rapid-acting than the older ester-type drug and, at least from the perspective of allergenicity, more safe. In 1976, in Germany, the newest amide local analgesic, carticaine HCl was introduced into dentistry. Articaine (the generic name was changed) possesses properties similar to lignocaine but has additional properties which made the drug quite attractive to the general dental practitioner. In 1986 articaine was introduced in North America (Canada) where it has become the most used local anesthetic, supplanting lignocaine. Articaine has been approved for use in the United Kingdom. In this introductory discussion we review the development of articaine and discuss its place in the dental local analgesic armamentarium.
 ...
PMID:[New anesthetics]. 1103 79

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and patient tolerance to local penile block anaesthesia via the infrapubic space with penile prosthesis implantation. Local anaesthesia was administered using a 23-guage 1.5-inch needle. A 50-50 mixture of 0.5% bupivicaine (Marcaine) and 0.5% lidocaine (Xylocaine) without adrenaline was injected into the infrapubic space with additional subcutaneous penile ring infiltration at the level of the penile root. A total number of 159 patients underwent this technique, mean age 57 years (range 34-86). In 148 (93%) patients, no booster sedation was needed; eight (5%) patients needed a boost of the pre-operative sedative during crural dilatation; three (1.8%) patients required general anaesthesia owing to insufficiently effective local anaesthesia and unexpectedly difficult dilatation. It is concluded that local anaesthesia was effective and safe to produce a pain-free procedure in 93% of cases. However, as the need for booster sedation or general anaesthesia exists, the procedure should be performed under monitored anaesthetic care and pre-operative evaluation should be performed as for general anaesthesia.
 ...
PMID:Penile prosthesis surgery under local penile block anaesthesia via the infrapubic space. 1111 81

We present a surgical case under local anesthesia of an 88-year-old woman suffering from visual disturbance caused by pituitary adenoma. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed a large pituitary tumor with suprasellar extension compressing the chiasmatic nerve. Neither she nor her family would agree to surgical therapy. However, when we proposed surgery under local anesthesia, they accepted it. Partial removal of the tumor via the endonasal transsphenoidal approach was carried out, uneventfully. The nasal surface was infiltrated with 4%-Xylocaine prior to the ordinary xylocaine injection to the nasal mucosa. The patient did not complain of any pain associated with the surgical procedure, including saline injection to the subarachnoid space through spinal drainage. The postoperative course was fine except for the temporarily appearance of diabetes insipidus. Postoperative MR imaging showed complete relief of compression to the chiasmatic nerve. Her visual field was improved dramatically. Endonasal transsphenoidal surgery under local anesthesia is thought to be one of the most useful methods of choice, especially in cases of elderly patient with pituitary tumor.
 ...
PMID:[Endonasal transsphenoidal surgery under local anesthesia for elderly patient with pituitary tumor: case report]. 1112 95

The purpose of this retrospective review was to evaluate the effectiveness of a hydraulic distention technique (hydroplasty) combined with a therapy program for treatment of idiopathic frozen shoulder. Over a two-year period, 60 patients with idiopathic frozen shoulder were identified as having undergone the hydroplasty procedure and therapy protocol at the authors' hand center. Distention of the glenohumeral joint was achieved by an injection of a 10-mL combination of bupivacaine (Marcaine), lidocaine (Xylocaine), and corticosteroid followed by injection of 30 mL of chilled sterile normal saline. Therapy was initiated immediately after the surgeon had completed the hydroplasty. The mean active range of motion improvement was as follows: flexion 28 degrees, abduction 42 degrees, internal rotation 22 degrees, and external rotation 26 degrees. There was no significant difference in outcomes between diabetics and nondiabetics or subjects with symptoms less than six months' duration compared with subjects with symptom duration greater than six months. At discharge, only two (3%) of the subjects reported persistent pain during sleep. The hydroplasty procedure combined with a therapy program is a successful treatment for idiopathic frozen shoulder.
 ...
PMID:Effectiveness of hydroplasty and therapeutic exercise for treatment of frozen shoulder. 1294 24


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>