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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hepatic angiography was performed in a double-blind two-group study in 60 patients using iohexol 350 mg I/ml and metrizoate 350 mg I/ml. A slight increase in serum values of hepatic enzymes was found when metrizoate was used, particularly in patients with impaired liver function. Iohexol gave considerably less pain and sensation of heat than did metrizoate. A non-expected significant increase of creatine kinase was recorded when iohexol was used. The reason for this is not yet known.
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PMID:Effects of metrizoate and iohexol on the liver at visceral angiography. 296 3

A double-blind, cross-over trial of the non-ionic, low-osmolar contrast medium iohexol (Omnipaque) and the ionic, low-osmolar medium ioxaglate (Hexabrix) at concentrations of 300 mg I/ml was carried out in 107 consecutive patients with arterial insufficiency of the lower limbs. The purpose of the study was to observe possible 'carry-over' effects from any of the contrast media, and to evaluate patient discomfort such as pain, adverse reactions, or effect on peripheral blood pressure. No carry-over effect was seen. Ioxaglate caused less injection pain and heat sensations than iohexol, and showed less effect on the systemic blood pressure.
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PMID:Iohexol and ioxaglate in peripheral angiography. 296 17

A prospective double-blind study was performed to assess the side effects and visualization quality of 2 contrast media, iohexol and meglumine iothalamate in single contrast arthrography. There were very few adverse reactions during the examination. During the 2 days after arthrography pain occurred in about 29% of each group. Iohexol caused somewhat less delayed pain on movement and fewer sensations of swelling than iothalamate. The quality of the arthrograms was significantly better with iohexol both in films taken immediately after injection as well as after 20 minutes.
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PMID:Comparison of iohexol and meglumine iothalamate in single contrast knee arthrography. A double-blind investigation. 352 29

The arthrographic image quality and relative morbidity resulting from use of Omnipaque 300 (iohexol), Hexabrix 320 (ioxaglate sodium meglumine), and Isopaque Coronar 370 (metrizoate) were compared in a prospective double-blind study performed with 120 patients. Radiographs obtained 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 minutes after injection were judged for diagnostic quality. Relative morbidity was evaluated by the physician during the examination and later by the patient via a questionnaire. Hexabrix demonstrated the best and most persistent diagnostic quality over serial radiographs (P less than .05). Omnipaque caused significantly less postprocedural pain (P less than .05). The other types of discomfort measured did not indicate statistically significant differences in morbidity resulting from the three contrast agents.
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PMID:Knee arthrography: a comparison of iohexol, ioxaglate sodium meglumine, and metrizoate. 354 35

The chemistry of low-osmolality contrast agents is reviewed, the effects of these agents on vascular and organ physiology are compared with the effects of conventional ionic contrast media, and guidelines for intravascular use of the low-osmolality agents in selected high-risk patients are presented. Three low-osmolality contrast agents, the nonionic media iohexol (Omnipaque, Winthrop-Breon) and iopamidol (Isovue, Squibb) and the dimeric medium ioxaglate meglumine-sodium (Hexabrix, Mallinckrodt) have recently been introduced into the contrast-media market. Compared with conventional ionic contrast media, these new agents demonstrate approximately one third of the osmolality per given iodine concentration (degree of roentgenographic opacification). Therefore, the risks of hyperosmolarity-induced reactions to contrast media are lower with the new agents. The low-osmolality agents may be associated with a reduced incidence of contrast-media-induced hypersensitivity reactions. Because of their lower osmolality, these agents produce less vessel dilation, vascular endothelial damage, and associated pain and discomfort than equi-iodine concentrations of the conventional ionic media. They also demonstrate a reduction in the incidence and severity of contrast-media-induced renal vasoconstriction and proteinuria, hemodynamic alterations, negative chronotropic effects, depression of myocardial contractility, and neurotoxicity in the presence of an altered blood-brain barrier. These low-osmolality agents produce fewer undesirable physiological effects than conventional contrast agents, but the cost of the new products can be more than 10 times as great. Therefore, the new products should be used selectively in patients known to be at increased risk for reactions to intravascular contrast media. A scoring system was developed to permit rapid recognition of documented single or multiple risk factors and subsequent determination of whether to administer a low-osmolality agent.
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PMID:Evaluation of intravascular low-osmolality contrast agents. 378 Jan 59

The nonionic contrast medium, iohexol, was released by Nyegaard, Oslo, in 1980 for clinical testing. Results of a three-phase clinical trial program carried out in Europe and the U.S. through December 1983 are summarized. Evaluation of phase I studies of human tolerance and excretion--and phase II studies of effects on pharmacologic and physiologic parameters--indicated that iohexol was well tolerated and effective. Phase III consisted mainly of controlled parallel and crossover studies comparing iohexol with conventional ionic media and with other nonionic agents in a variety of radiographic studies. Image quality was as good or better with iohexol than with ionic media. Iohexol was tolerated significantly better than ionic agents. Patients consistently reported fewer and less intense pain and heat sensations. Iohexol had less effect on blood pressure, blood flow, heart rate, and electrophysiologic parameters, and caused fewer adverse reactions than ionic media for all types of reactions observed.
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PMID:Summary of U.S. and European intravascular experience with iohexol based on the clinical trial program. 388 13

Iohexol, a low osmolality, nonionic contrast medium, and diatrizoate, a conventional, ionic contrast medium, were evaluated for patient tolerance during visceral arteriography. Almost all the procedures performed with iohexol were painless: most patients given this agent reported only a mild feeling of warmth. Diatrizoate produced some pain and a feeling of intense heat in most patients. Both media produced excellent radiographic results, and no serious adverse reactions occurred.
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PMID:Iohexol and diatrizoate: comparison in visceral arteriography. 388 16

Arachnoiditis, a common finding in patients who have had previous myelograms or spinal surgery, can cause pain, paresis, and can slow elimination of contrast medium from the subarachnoid space. The role of contrast media in producing arachnoiditis has not been well defined but can be studied in a primate model. This study compared incidence of arachnoiditis in monkeys after myelograms using two nonionic contrast media, iohexol and metrizamide. Conditions were chosen to produce the greatest possible effect of contrast medium on the arachnoid. Animals were sacrificed 12 weeks after the myelogram and the dural sac was removed for examination by light microscope. Under adverse conditions, high doses and high concentrations of iohexol produced little arachnoiditis, while metrizamide produced mild to moderate arachnoiditis. Iohexol was shown to have a greater margin of safety then metrizamide, which is considered an important clinical advantage.
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PMID:Intrathecal toxicity of iohexol vs. metrizamide. Survey and current state. 391 51

The subjective side-effects of almost equivalent intravenous iodine doses of the three new low-osmolar contrast media, ioxaglate (Hexabrix), iopamidol (Niopam) and iohexol (Omnipaque) have been recorded and are found to be generally comparable. Urticaria occurred more frequently with ioxaglate than with the other contrast media and there was a tendency for ioxaglate to cause more nausea. Pain at the injection site occurred less often with ioxaglate than with iohexol. If low-osmolar contrast media are to be used in intravenous urography the relative cost of each is important, there being as yet insufficient data concerning the relative incidences of major reactions.
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PMID:Comparison of the side-effects of low-osmolar contrast media in intravenous urography. 406 28

Iohexol is a recently synthesized non-ionic low-osmolar contrast medium. It has been compared to the conventional ionic hyperosmolar contrast medium diatrizoate (Urografin 60%) in a randomized double-blind crossover study of aortofemoral angiographies of 50 consecutive patients. The intraarterial blood pressures, the pulse rate and ECG were recorded continuously and the reactions of pain and warmth were evaluated. Iohexol caused significantly less haemodynamic changes than Urografin and also the pain reactions were significantly reduced. The quality of the angiograms was equal.
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PMID:A controlled clinical trial of iohexol and diatrizoate in aortofemoral angiography. 634 Oct 63


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