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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A prospective, randomised, double-blind study was performed to test the contrast quality, tolerance and safety of ioversol 300 mg/ml (Optiray 300, Mallinckrodt Medical, Inc., St-Louis, USA) versus iohexol 300 mg/ml (Omnipaque 300, Schering AG, Berlin). The study was conducted on 80 patients with peripheral vascular disease, who underwent central venous pelvis-leg angiography. The angiograms in the ioversol group were rated "very good" and "good" in 75.6% of the cases versus 51.3% in the iohexol group. Patient tolerance was nearly identical in both groups. On the 4 point rating scale for pain and heat sensations (1 = none; 4 = severe), the average heat scores were 1.28 for ioversol and 1.44 for iohexol. None of the patients complained of pain when receiving the injection. There were clinically significant changes of blood pressure in 3 patients out of each group and tachycardia in 5 patients in the ioversol group and 9 patients in the iohexol group. Seven out of 80 patients reported mild to moderate side-effects. These were related to the contrast medium in the case of 2 patients in both the ioversol and the iohexol group. All reactions resolved spontaneously or could be controlled by treatment.
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PMID:A double-blind comparative study on the contrast quality, tolerance and safety of ioversol 300 versus iohexol 300 in central venous angiography (C.V. DSA). 129 99

The incidence of adverse reactions following standard film or screen cervical myelography with iohexol in 32 adult outpatients was reported. Iohexol at a dose of 1,080-3,000 mg of iodine was administered via a lateral C1-C2 approach in 26 patients and via a lumbar route in 6 patients. All 32 patients underwent postmyelographic cervical spine computed tomography and were discharged after the procedure was completed. No adverse reactions occurred in 53.1% of patients. The most common adverse reaction was headache (31.3%); other minor adverse reactions included exacerbation of pre-existing pain (12.5%), neck stiffness (9.4%), and vomiting (6.3%). Good to excellent technical quality was seen on all myelograms and computed tomographic scans. Outpatient cervical myelography with iohexol appears to be a safe and cost-effective alternative to inpatient examination.
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PMID:Iohexol cervical myelography in adult outpatients. 177 64

We have compared the usefulness of a newly developed, low osmolality contrast medium, Omnipaque 350 (75.49% iohexol, 350 mgI ml-1), for sialography with one of the established, Angioconray (80% sodium iothalamate, 480 mgI ml-1), in a double-blind, prospective randomized clinical trial in 80 patients. The diagnostic quality of the sialograms, pain during the procedure and discomfort subsequently were investigated. There was no difference in either group between the number of sialograms judged as diagnostically useful, although those of excellent quality were significantly more frequent in the Angioconray group. The level of pain on injection of the medium was significantly lower in the Omnipaque group. Eighteen per cent of the patients with Omnipaque had severe or moderate pain on injection of the contrast medium, while 63% had such pain with Angioconray. There was no difference in postprocedural discomfort between the two contrast media. We concluded that the low osmolality contrast medium is more favourable for sialography despite its lower iodine content.
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PMID:Radiographic quality and patient discomfort in sialography: comparison of iohexol with iothalamate. 193 22

Continuous extrapleural intercostal nerve block has been shown in a randomized, controlled study to be effective in reducing postoperative pain after thoracotomy and in restoring pulmonary mechanics. To assess the extent of spread of bupivacaine infused through an extrapleurally placed cannula inserted at thoracotomy, iohexol (Omnipaque) was infused at 5 days postoperatively in 5 patients and computed tomography performed. The contrast medium was confined to the paravertebral space covering on average six intercostal spaces. This study demonstrated that anatomically, the site of action of the bupivacaine infused through an extrapleural cannula was primarily in the paravertebral space.
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PMID:Site of action of continuous extrapleural intercostal nerve block. 199 15

A double-blind randomized, clinical trial was conducted in 9 hospitals comparing the use of non-ionic contrast media (CM) iopromide 300 (Ultravist) and iohexol 300 (Omnipaque) during peripheral arteriography in a total of 446 patients. After premedication with morphine-scopolamine each patient was given two consecutive injections of 50 ml CM at a rate of 12 ml/s above the aortic bifurcation. Both CM were well tolerated. There were no differences between the two substances as far as general tolerance, pulse rate, blood pressure, sensation of heat or pain after CM injection were concerned.
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PMID:Comparison of iopromide versus iohexol in aortobifemoral arteriography. A Swedish multi-center study of 446 patients. 203 96

A randomised, double blind, parallel group study was performed comparing the efficacy, tolerance and safety of ioversol-240 and iohexol-240 (Omnipaque-240) in 50 patients undergoing venography. Adult patients of either sex, 18 years of age or older, who were referred to the Department of Radiology at Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, England, for ascending venography were study candidates. There were 25 patients in each drug group, who were comparable in relation to age, sex, weight, height and race. The drug groups were comparable with respect to contrast volume and iodine dose administered. All film sets were rated as diagnostic and the patient groups were comparable with respect to quality of procedure. The incidence of patients reporting heat and pain as a result of the injection of contrast medium was minimal and comparable in the drug groups. Safety was assessed by monitoring vital signs (blood pressure, pulse and respiration), clinical laboratory studies and observation of adverse effects prior to and after injection of contrast medium. Vital signs remained stable in all study patients. There were no abnormal post-procedural laboratory data which were judged to have been drug related. There were no drug related adverse effects in either group. It is concluded that ioversol-240 is a safe, well-tolerated and effective contrast agent when used for venography.
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PMID:A double blind clinical study comparing the safety, tolerance and efficacy of ioversol 240 and iohexol 240 (Omnipaque 240) in ascending venography. 226 30

Outpatient myelography with iohexol (Omnipaque) was performed in 150 patients. Side effects were noted in 28 patients (19%), with only 3 (2%) major complaints. It concerned 2 patients with severe and prolonged headache and one patient with seizures. Side effects were not more frequent in outpatient myelography than in reported series of hospitalized patients. The frequency of side effects was significantly lower with the use of iohexol than in comparable studies with metrizamide. Headache was the most frequent side effect, followed by an increase or exacerbation of ischiatiform pain, nausea and vomiting. Side effects were slightly more frequent in cervical myelography than in lumbar myelography and were not related to underlying pathology. It is concluded that outpatient myelography is feasable for as far as iohexol is used and patient surveillance is carefully organized.
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PMID:[Ambulatory myelography using iohexol (Omnipaque): methods and results]. 252 48

In this brief history, the author reviews the observations that led to his developing a nonionic contrast medium. Current knowledge suggested that if a water-soluble medium could be made isotonic to human plasma, it would cause less pain and toxicity than the ionic media then in use. The principles and design of such a medium are discussed, as well as the subsequent chemical development and testing in animal models of first generation (metrizamide) and second generation (iohexol) nonionic media. Iohexol, which is described as a nonionic, monomeric ratio 3 contrast medium, was selected for clinical testing from among competing substances due to its low toxicity in a number of animal models. The results from these experimental models predicted that iohexol would cause fewer and less severe adverse reactions in clinical use than ionic ratio 1.5 media.
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PMID:Development of nonionic contrast media. 257 43

A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group clinical study was conducted to compare the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of ioversol 320 mg I/mL (Optiray, 320 Mallinckrodt Medical, Inc., St. Louis, MO) and iohexol 300 mg I/mL (Omnipaque 300, Winthrop Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY). The study was conducted in 50 patients undergoing peripheral arteriography and in ten patients undergoing visceral arteriography. In the peripheral group, 92% of the radiographs acquired using Optiray were rated excellent or good. Eighty-eight percent of those acquired with Omnipaque were so rated. In the visceral study all radiographs in both groups were rated excellent or good. Patient tolerance was also impressive. We used a four-point rating scale (1 - none; 4 = severe) to score both heat and pain sensations. For peripheral patients the average heat score was 2.4 in the Optiray group versus 2.3 in the Omnipaque group. The average pain scores were 1.1 in both groups. For visceral patients, the average heat scores were 2.4 in both groups, while the pain scores were 1.7 for the Optiray group versus 1.0 for the Omnipaque group. No clinically significant changes in vital signs were observed in any of the patients. One clinically significant change in the electrocardiogram (ECG) tracing was noted after an Optiray injection, but it was not felt to be drug induced. There were five instances in which laboratory values rose from their normal baseline values, but all changes were minor. There was only one adverse reaction in the entire study. A short episode of coughing occurred in one patient who received Omnipaque for a peripheral study; the coughing resolved spontaneously. Both Optiray and Omnipaque proved to be efficacious, well tolerated, and safe for intra-arterial use in peripheral and visceral vessels.
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PMID:A double-blind comparative study of the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of ioversol and iohexol in peripheral and visceral arteriography. 268 98

Decreasing or alleviating pain experienced by some patients during or after temporomandibular arthrography would make this relatively inexpensive and highly accurate technique more attractive. This is particularly true for those patients without access to MR or those whose referring physicians prefer arthrography to other techniques for diagnosing internal derangements. Ionic and nonionic contrast agents were compared in a randomized, double-blind trial to determine if pain could be decreased by using a nonionic contrast material. Forty patients received either Omnipaque 300 (nonionic, iohexol) or Hypaque 60 (ionic, diatrizoate meglumine). Radiographs were assessed for diagnostic quality, and patients were asked to note their level of discomfort. No significant differences between the agents were detected. Maximal discomfort was noted at 24 hr. Discomfort was classified as none, mild, or moderate, with no patients describing marked discomfort. This study does not support the use of nonionic contrast agents over the less expensive ionic agents for decreasing pain or improving film quality in temporomandibular joint arthrography.
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PMID:Comparison of omnipaque with hypaque in temporomandibular arthrography. 281 36


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