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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A general model of the autonomic neuroeffector junction is proposed. In this model, emphasis is placed on the muscle effector bundle with electrotonic coupling between individual cells via gap junctions (or nexuses) and en passage release of transmitter from autonomic nerve varicosities. This release results in transmission to effector cells across junctional clefts ranging from about 20 nm in the vas deferens and iris to as much as 2000 nm in some large arteries. The ultrastructural identification of different autonomic nerve types is described. Current theories on the synthesis, storage, release, and inactivation of transmitter during cholinergic, adrenergic, and purinergic transmission are summarized. Some speculations are made about the possible involvement of purinergic nerves in the innervation of vessels and mast cells in the skin, and whether this involvement results in a functional link between ATP, histamine, bradykinin, and prostaglandin in cutaneous vasodilatation. Another possibility considered as the basis for this reflex is the release of substance P from sensory (pain) nerve collaterals in the skin.
J Invest Dermatol 1977 Jul
PMID:Autonomic neuroeffector junctions--reflex vasodilatation of the skin. 1 40

An otherwise normal 11-year-old boy had reately reduced acral pain and temperature sensation with associated trophic damage. The disorder was present at birth, and there was no family history of similar problems. The patient also exhibited complete anhidrosis. The case may an "overlap" between what has been termed as hereditary sensory neuropathy (HSN) type 2 and type 4.
Arch Dermatol 1977 Jul
PMID:Congenital sensory neuropathy: report of an atypical case. 6 22

65Zinc absorption was studied in five acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE) patients and in eight normal adults by means of a whole-body counting assay. The absorption was calculated from retention values recorded in the time interval 8-30 days after oral administration of the isotope. Two AE patients (7 and 13 years old) had a low absorption, 3.3 and 1.8% respectively, corroborating their high need for additional elemental zinc (about 2 mg/kg/day). Three adult AE patients, all in their twenties, had a considerably lower need for extra zinc (about 0.2 mg/kg/day). Their zinc absorption ranged from 28 to 36% (mean 34%). In the controls the range was 27 - 65% (mean 43%). Turnover of retained 65Zn from day 8 - 30 was about 0.7% in the patient as well as in the control groups. Oral zinc therapy was withdrawn prior to the study. During the zinc-free period (3-7) a marked decrease in serum zinc and serum alkaline phosphatase values was noted in the two children with AE and they showed clinical evidence of zinc deficiency (angular stomatitis, scaling around finger nails, and irritability). None of the adult patients showed such evidence of impending zinc deficiency. One complained of exacerbation of facial acne, and another of pain in her feet. All symptoms disappeared promptly when oral zinc therapy was resumed.
Br J Dermatol 1979 Nov
PMID:65Zinc absorption in patients suffering from acrodermatitis enteropathica and in normal adults assessed by whole-body counting technique. 11 22

In general, metatarsal bars have provided a simple method of relieving pain and disability caused by plantar hyperkeratoses over metatarsal heads. By spanning the longitudinal arch, the bars effectively relieve pressure from the middle three metatarsal heads and elevate the distal portion of the metatarsal bones. This often results in favorable repositioning of displaced proximal phalanges and eliminates direct pressure exerted by metatarsal heads. Also, by giving more uniform support to the foot, metatarsal bars rearrange the weight-bearing surface in a more even way, which favors resolution of hyperkeratoses by removal of pressure points. The prescription for metatarsal bars must be written for both shoes. Dual bars provide balanced walking surfaces and do not induce asymmetric motion of the lower spine as a single bar would. They can be applied to moderately high-heeled shoes for women and regular oxfords for men. The leading edge of the bar must be properly skived and tapered to provide an even surface with the forward part of the soles of the shoes. If this is not done properly, the bars may strike against uneven surfaces as the foot slides forward in walking or running. The patient should return to the prescribing physician in two or three weeks after the bars have been worn constantly. By analyzing the scuffed surfaces of the metatarsal bars, the physician can determine whether or not the bars are firm and thick enough and in the proper position to relieve and divert pressure from the metatarsal heads. Perhaps two pair of shoes should be thus altered to provide a change of foot gear for ordinary purposes. Unaltered dress shoes may be worn for short periods of time as party or formal occasions demand. Eventually, when the painful processes have subsided, the patient may resume wearing ordinary shoes and use the modified shoes if symptoms recur from time to time.
J Dermatol Surg 1975 Oct
PMID:Common plantar hyperkeratoses. 13 Nov 36

An 18-year-old West Indian male presented with severe sternal pain and an exacerbation of facial acne. Radiographs of the sternum revealed several lytic lesions which appeared as hot areas on successive technetium bone scans. Painful areas over the right iliac crest and left greater trochanter likewise appeared as transient hot areas on successive scans. Histology of affected bone revealed reactive changes only. High dose prednisolone provided rapid alleviation of pain, which recurred on reducing the dose to less than 10 mg daily. Auto-immune complex disease has been considered the most likely aetiological mechanism of systemic acne (acne fulminans), but lytic lesions of bone have never previously been reported in auto-immune disorders.
Br J Dermatol 1979 Jun
PMID:Bone lesions in systemic acne (acne fulminans). 15 52

The histopathology of leprosy is described with particular reference to its effects on peripheral cutaneous nerves. Mycobacterium leprae invade the Schwann and perineurial cells of peripheral cutaneous nerves preferentially. The organisms are eventually destroyed with their host cells by a cell-mediated immune response. The effect is a dying-back phenomenon without the formation of neuromata. The sensory effects are gradually increasing anesthesia and localized nerve trunk pain but seldom any peripheral sensory reference or paresthesiae. Peripheral nerves are shown to be zones where there is some degree of immunologic privilege for Myco. leprae.
J Invest Dermatol 1977 Jul
PMID:Disorders of peripheral cutaneous nerves. 19 87

We report the acquisition of skin test sensitivity to Candida albicans antigen and the ability to produce leukocyte migration inhibition factor (MIF) by a Candida-negative patient with chronic granulomatous mucocutaneous candidiasis after treatment with dialyzable transfer factor (TFd). The TFd was acquired from Candida-positive healthy donors. Three of seven attempts to transfer Candida skin test sensitivity were successful, and the acquired skin reactivity lasted for 12 to 21 days. The acquisition of cellular immunity to Candida was demonstrated in vitro by production of leukocyte MIF. No Candida-induced lymphocyte transformation was observed before or after TFd injection. The TFd did not cause Candida-induced blast transformation when added directly to cultures of lymphocytes from the patient. Pain, tenderness, redness, and edema were observed around the Candida granulomas on each occasion when the skin test to Candida became positive. Two weeks after TDd injection, the proliferative response of peripheral blood lymphocytes increased, as measured by incorporation of tritiated thymidine into lymphocytes within the first hour of in vitro incubation.
Arch Dermatol 1979 Feb
PMID:Immunologic features of chronic granulomatous mucocutaneous candidiasis before and after treatment with transfer factor. 42 25

Fourteen cases of complications from implantation of acrylic fibers into scalps for correction of male-pattern baldness were studied. The complications were severe enough in all of them to force attempts to remove the fibers, many of which from the nature of their knotted insertion could not be extracted. Thus, immediate complications were encountered and serious, delayed, bad effects are anticipated. Among the early complications already observed are marked edema of the face; hemorrhagic oozing; microbial infection; foreign-body reactions; scarring; acneform comedones and pustules; pain, pruritus, and numbness; and loss of natural hair. Complications in the furture are likely to be progressive sclerosis from irretrievable fragments and knots of the artificial materials and conceivably malignant degeneration of tissues of the scalp. For all of these known and possible bad effects, implantation of present-day synthetic fibers into the scalp must be judged to be a dangerous practice that must be stopped at once.
J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1979 Mar
PMID:Complications of implantation of synthetic fibers into scalps for "hair" replacement: experience with fourteen cases. 42 73

Burns caused by exposure to hydrofluoric acid are occurring with ever-increasing frequency due to the wide use of this acid in industry and research. Such burns are characterized by severe progressive tissue destruction and excruciating pain resulting from the unique properties of the freely dissociable fluoride ion. The subungual tissues are especially susceptible to the destructive effects of hydrofluoric acid. The proper treatment of hydrofluoric acid burns requires prompt recognition and the institution of specific therapeutic measures by the attending physician.
Arch Dermatol 1979 May
PMID:Hydrofluoric acid burns. A report of a case and review of the literature. 44 36

Erythermalgia is a condition of the extremities characterized by redness, increased temperature, and burning pain. A case of erythermalgia and coincident vasculitis of the feet is reported. The literature on the subject is reviewed, and a possible mechanism of pathogenesis is discussed.
J Am Acad Dermatol 1979 Nov
PMID:Erythermalgia with vasculitis: a review. 51 89


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