Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a group of patients affected with psoriatic arthritis the effects of the association between gold salts (GS) and somatostatin (SOM), in comparison with two groups treated with SOM and GS respectively, were investigated. Sixty patients with psoriatic arthritis were selected and randomly allocated in three groups of twenty patients each. Group 1 received SOM infusion (250 micrograms/h for 96 h) and was assessed at baseline and 1, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after; Group 2 received intramuscular GS and was assessed at baseline, four months later, and then every month for four months; Group 3 received GS for 8 months; at the fourth month SOM was infused (as in Group 1) and the patients assessed at baseline four months later and then as Group 1. Assessment was made with the Ritchie index, pain scale and morning stiffness evaluation. Growth hormone was assayed in Group 1 every 4 h for 24 h the day before and the day after SOM infusion. The association between GS and SOM demonstrated a particular analgesic activity, effective on joint pain and tenderness, that lasted for all four months of follow-up. SOM showed a good response only after 15 and 30 days, and GS proved to be effective at about the sixth month of treatment. Side effects were reported in Group 1 (abdominal cramps, mild erythrodermia and supraventricular arrhythmia). A growth hormone circadian rhythm was found in psoriatic patients both before and after SOM treatment. The beneficial effect of the SOM/GS combination is demonstrated in psoriatic arthritis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Gold salts and somatostatin: a new combined analgesic treatment for psoriatic arthritis. 135 20

Four different pain treatments (single intercostal block with bupivacaine, repeated intercostal block, epidural morphine and epidural bupivacaine infusions) were compared in 39 patients subjected to lung surgery under general anaesthesia. The patients' own estimate of the postoperative pain was not significantly different between the groups, but the epidurally treated patients required fewer doses of supplementary analgesic than those given just a single dose of intercostal bupivacaine. Bupivacaine levels in blood were below the toxic range in all groups. The concentration of antidiuretic hormone in blood was increased early during the operation, and had only partly returned to normal on the first postoperative morning. Growth hormone in plasma was increased only at the end of the operation. Catecholamine levels in blood increased gradually, reaching their peak postoperatively. There were only slight differences between the groups in these posterior and anterior pituitary and sympatho-adrenal responses to surgical stress. Thus, neither repeated intercostal blockade nor epidural administration of morphine or bupivacaine could prevent the endocrine responses to thoracic surgery, in spite of significant, albeit incomplete, pain relief. This was probably caused in part by residual pain, and also by poor access of the extradural medications to the autonomic afferent pathways mediating nociceptive signals from thoracic organs and tissues.
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PMID:Sympatho-adrenal and pituitary hormone responses during and immediately after thoracic surgery--modulation by four different pain treatments. 343 68

Different levels of exercise (50-200 W) were produced by a bicycle ergometer. In all six subjects the heart rate and blood pressure were increased with increasing work load. Dental pain thresholds tended to increase with increasing work load, too. Plasma ACTH levels were above the normal range during the whole experiment in all subjects, whereas plasma cortisol and prolactin levels were elevated only in one subject. Growth hormone levels had a tendency to elevation at 200 W. There was no correlation between the release of cortisol, prolactin or ACTH and the dental pain threshold elevation. However, there was significant correlation between the release of growth hormone and the dental pain threshold elevation. The results indicate that physical exercise at submaximal work loads is enough to produce a pain threshold elevation in some subjects, with a minor coactivation of stress mechanisms.
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PMID:The influence of exercise on dental pain thresholds and the release of stress hormones. 610 Mar 93

Nineteen adult males with disseminated carcinoma of the prostate gland associated with intractable pain were subjected to a transsphenoidal stereotaxic cryohypophysectomy. Growth hormone (GH) assays following insulin-induced hypoglycemia were obtained once during the preoperative and twice during the postoperative period. In the postoperative assays, a 73% or greater suppression of GH levels correlated with significant clinical remission and extended survival. In all patients who had as much as 73% reduction in GH level, pain relief occurred within 4 days or less after surgery. This study shows that subtotal hypophysectomy may be adequate to achieve satisfactory clinical remission and pain control. GH assay is a useful index of the adequacy of hypophysectomy.
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PMID:Transsphenoidal stereotaxic cryohypophysectomy for the management of pain in disseminated prostatic carcinoma. 618 30

The different possibilities of the therapy are discussed. Most importantly, calcium should be supplemented prophylactically in sufficient doses (1-1.5 g/d). Vit. D may be added in the elderly patient. In the pre- and postmenopause, an estrogen/gestagen administration is indicated. Estrogen is also the treatment of the first choice in the therapy of the manifest osteoporosis. Calcitonin, which has an analgetic effect as well, is currently recommended as an inhibitor of bone absorption. Starting with daily injections of 100 IU of calcitonin followed by 50 IU injections three times a week improve feeling and condition of the patient. Bisphosphonates, which have excellent effects on bone absorption, are not yet permitted for the osteoporosis therapy. Vit. D metabolites (alfacalcidol) have a particular beneficial effect on the osteoporosis induced by glucocorticoids. Sodium fluoride and monofluorophosphate are the only substances available that lead to a real bone build on. About 0.5 mg/kg body weight of fluoride should be administered. 30% of the patients do not respond to this treatment and side effects have to be observed. Growth hormone and parathormon may be useful drugs in the future. The drug treatment of osteoporosis has to be accompanied by a proper pain therapy as well as a physiotherapeutic, orthopedic and psychososical care.
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PMID:[Therapy of osteoporosis]. 770 39

Osteopenia has been reported in children surviving acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, apparently as a consequence of therapy. It has been suggested that cranial irradiation may play a crucial role in this disorder. To explore that possibility, survivors of brain tumours in childhood, all of whom had received radiotherapy, were examined for evidence of bone mineral loss. 19 children were assessed, on average at 7 years after treatment. Measurements of growth velocities, plain radiography of the skeleton, bone densitometry, health-related quality of life and physical activity were undertaken. Growth hormone (GH) deficiency had been detected in 6 children and 5 had received GH replacement, for a minimum of more than 3 years. 9 children were radiographically osteopenic (including the 5 who had received GH). Z scores for bone mineral density (BMD) were negative in the majority of children. Health-related quality of life was less and pain more frequent in those with low BMD scores. Pain was correlated negatively with both free-time activity and seasonal activity (P < 0.01). Osteopenia is a common sequel of therapy in children with brain tumours. Those with osteopenia have more pain and more compromised, health-related quality of life than those who are not osteopenic, and pain significantly limits physical activity. The pathogenesis of osteopenia in these children is still uncertain, but is likely to be multifactorial.
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PMID:Osteopenia in children surviving brain tumours. 979 85

Migraine and cluster headache are the most common disabling primary headache syndromes and are typically episodic. A reliable method of triggering such headache attacks facilitates the study and treatment of these disorders. There is sufficient clinical and laboratory evidence to suggest that somatostatin withdrawal may be a useful way of triggering headache. We studied 15 subjects, eight migraineurs, four cluster headache sufferers and three healthy controls. Each subject had a standard somatostatin infusion, 250 microg/h for 3.5h. Subjects were followed for 24h post-infusion. Growth hormone was suppressed in each subject demonstrating a biologically active infusion of somatostatin. None of the non-headache sufferers had pain. Seven of eight migraine sufferers had no immediate headache and no delayed headache. One migraineur experienced short lasting headache with no migrainous features. Three of four patients with cluster headache had no significant pain with the infusion, while one had pain after 1h. The results suggest that somatostatin infusion is not a reliable way to produce headache in experimental settings in either migraine or cluster headache. The data do not exclude a role for somatostatinergic mechanisms in primary headache.
Pain 2003 Apr
PMID:Somatostatin infusion withdrawal: a study of patients with migraine, cluster headache and healthy volunteers. 1267 Jun 64

We present the case of a boy with Costello syndrome who developed osteofibrous dysplasia during a phase of growth hormone therapy. The lesion and the accompanying pain disappeared after discontinuation of the therapy. Growth hormone is a known mitogen for some neoplasms and osteofibrous dysplasia has been reported to become aggressive. Thus, although osteofibrous dysplasia in Costello syndrome has not been reported before, growth hormone therapy should be used under close supervision in children with this syndrome.
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PMID:Osteofibrous dysplasia in a Japanese boy with Costello syndrome. 1456 66

Growth hormone (GH) treatment is a successful medical therapy for children and adults with GH deficiency as well as for growth retardation due to chronic renal disease, Turner syndrome and in children born small for gestational age. For all of these conditions, treatment is long term and patients receive daily subcutaneous injections of GH for many years. Patient compliance is therefore of critical importance to ensure treatment benefit. One of the major factors influencing compliance is injection pain. Besides the injection device used, pain perception and local tissue reaction following injection are dependent on the preservative used in the formulation and the concentration of GH. Injection pain may also be related to the buffer substance and injection volume. A liquid formulation of GH, Norditropi SimpleXx, has been developed that dispenses with the need for reconstitution before administration. The formulation uses phenol (3 mg/ml) as a preservative (to protect product from microbial degradation or contamination) and histidine as a buffer. Alternative preservatives used in other GH formulations include m-cresol (9 mg/ml) and benzyl alcohol (3-9 mg/ml). Buffering agents include citrate and phosphate. Phenol has been successfully used as a preservative in drug formulations for more than 50 years and is considered a safe and effective agent which complies with strict international requirements for preservatives in drug formulations. In toxicological studies, no or only mild local reactions have been observed following subcutaneous administration of phenol (7.5 mg/ml), m-cresol (3-4 mg/ml) and benzyl alcohol (9 mg/ml). No general toxicity reactions were observed after subcutaneous administration of these agents. Clinical evaluation of the preservatives and buffers used in Norditropin SimpleXx showed that pain perception was similar between formulations containing phenol and benzyl alcohol, whereas m-cresol was associated with more painful injections than benzyl alcohol. Furthermore, patients reported more pain following injection of a citrate-buffered solution than after a histidine-buffered solution. More pain was also reported following large volume injections and following injections with solutions containing high protein concentrations. In summary, optimization of the preservative and buffer content of a liquid GH formulation may reduce injection pain and lead to improved patient compliance.
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PMID:Liquid growth hormone: preservatives and buffers. 1553 7

Growth hormone is essential for normal linear growth and the attainment of an adult mature height. It also plays an important role in cartilage growth and the attainment of normal bone mass. There is only one rheumatic disorder, namely acromegaly, in which abnormalities of growth hormone production play a major etiologic role. However, there is increasing appreciation that suboptimal growth hormone secretion, leading to a state of adult growth hormone deficiency, may occur in the setting of chronic inflammatory disease, chronic corticosteroid use, and fibromyalgia. Therefore, the evaluation and effective management of growth hormone oversecretion and undersecretion is relevant to practicing rheumatologists.
Curr Pain Headache Rep 2005 Oct
PMID:Growth hormone in musculoskeletal pain states. 1615 62


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