Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Circumcision is the only surgical procedure, excluding cord-clamping and cutting, which is routinely performed on normal, healthy newborn infants, usually during the first two or three days of life. Apparently no analgesic technique has been described nor suggested in association with neonatal circumcision. This is the first description of a technique of penile dorsal nerve block in neonatal circumcision. In 52 instances using 0.5 ml of 1% lidocaine (Xylocaine) and a 1.2 cm number 27 gauge needle PDNB was successfully and safely introduced with consistent elimination of pain, rendering NC a painless surgical procedure.
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PMID:Neonatal circumcision and penile dorsal nerve block--a painless procedure. 66 Mar 75

A new long-acting local anaesthetic, etidocaine (Duranest) has been compared to mepivacaine (Carbocaine) in retrobulbar anaesthesia in a double-blind trial including 45 patients. Solutions used were etidocaine 0.5% and 1% and mepivacaine 1%, all without adrenaline. The onset time was short and no difference was found between the solutions. The duration of analgesia and motor block was significantly longer with etidocaine 1% compared to mepivacaine 1%. In a following open study with etidocaine 1% and mepivacaine 1% about 80% of the the patients in the etidocaine group never experienced any post-operative pain compared to about 50% in the mepivacaine group. No signs of local or systemic toxicity were noted in the studies.
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PMID:Etidocaine in retrobulbar anaesthesia. A comparison with mepivacaine. 79 Aug 88

The evaluation of persistent hindfoot pain in patients with previous calcaneal fractures should include contrast examination of the peroneal tendon sheaths. The identification of extrinsic compression or displacement of the peroneal tendons may indicate that source of pain, the diagnosis being substantiated by temporary relief of discomfort following Xylocaine injection.
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PMID:Peroneal tenography in previous calcaneal fractures. 111 4

Ten patients received retrobulbar bupivicaine (Marcaine) in conjunction with cyclocryotherapy for medically unresponsive postpenetrating keratoplasty glaucoma and were found to experience significantly longer postoperative pain than 20 patients who recieved lidocaine (Xylocaine) anesthesia. The duration of pain was correlated with the need for narcotic analgesis whenever possible. We encourage further investigation into the etiology of the discomfort after cyclocryotherapy employing retrobulbar bupivicaine anesthesia.
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PMID:Prolonged pain after cyclocryotherapy performed with retrobulbar bupivicaine hydrochloride anesthesia. 112 8

A prospective, randomized, double-blind study was performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of intradiscal steroid injections. Criteria for entrance were one-level internal disc disruption or nonsequestered nuclear prolapse with or without sciatica and a positive pain response on awake discography. Exclusion criteria were multilevel disease, central or lateral stenosis, prior lumbar surgery, or medical disease requiring systemic steroids. A total of 25 patients were randomly assigned to Treatment Group A (methylprednisolone, Depo-Medrol 80 mg/ml, The Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, Michigan) or Treatment Group B (bupivacaine, Marcaine .5% 1.5 ml, Sanofi Winthrop Pharmaceuticals, New York, New York). Fourteen patients received Depo-Medrol, with 21% showing subjective improvement and 79% no improvement; 0% were clinically worse. Eleven patients received intradiscal Marcaine, with 9% showing clinical improvement and 91% no improvement; 0% were clinically worse. To quantify clinical response, a pain diagram grid score, a visual analog scale, and the Oswestry Pain Questionnaire were used before injection and 10-14 days after injection. No statistically significant benefit was identified in the use of intradiscal steroids.
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PMID:Intradiscal steroids. A prospective double-blind clinical trial. 138 2

The clinical effects of three lidocaine-containing solutions with and without frigen (freon-113) as a propellant, after different waiting periods, and with different dosages applied were investigated in 130 outpatients who were undergoing dental treatment in the maxilla under local anesthesia. They were divided randomly into five groups (A through E): (A) Xylocaine spray with frigen, two applications (20 mg lidocaine); (B) Xylestesin spray with frigen, two applications (14 mg lidocaine); (C) Xylestesin spray with frigen, three applications (21 mg lidocaine); (D) Xylestesin pump spray without frigen, two applications (14 mg lidocaine); and (E) no topical anesthesia. They were further divided into 12 subgroups to evaluate waiting periods between the application of the topical anesthesia and the injection (1, 2, or 3 minutes). Patients assessed the pain of the injection, intensity of numbness, and intensity of the taste on a visual analog scale; they also assessed the pain of the injection compared to former injections. Pain during injection was reduced by topical application of lidocaine. A waiting period of 2 minutes proved to be sufficient and can be justified to avoid impatience and increased numbness in patients. However, a 3-minute waiting period may be appropriate for sensitive patients. An increase in the dosage failed to show better analgesia. The pump spray without frigen proved to be effective.
Anesth Pain Control Dent 1992
PMID:Clinical investigation of potency and onset of different lidocaine sprays for topical anesthesia in dentistry. 139 79

The effects of three lidocaine-containing solutions with and without frigen (freon-113) as a propellant on cardiovascular parameters and oxygen saturation, after different waiting periods and with different dosages applied, were investigated in 130 outpatients undergoing dental treatment in the maxilla under local anesthesia. They were divided randomly into five groups: (A) Xylocaine spray with frigen, two applications (20 mg lidocaine); (B) Xylestesin spray with frigen, two applications (14 mg lidocaine); (C) Xylestesin spray with frigen, three applications (21 mg lidocaine); (D) Xylestesin pump spray without frigen, two applications (14 mg lidocaine); and (E) no topical anesthesia. They were further divided into 12 subgroups to evaluate the influence of waiting periods between the application of the local anesthetic and the injection (1, 2, or 3 minutes). Without topical anesthesia and after the 1-minute waiting period, cardiovascular parameters increased immediately after the injection; after 2- and 3-minute waiting periods the increases were far less pronounced. The mean oxygen saturations did not change during the observed period. The higher lidocaine dosage administered (21 mg) did not intensify the positive impact on the cardiovascular parameters compared to the lower dosage (14 mg). The new pump spray without frigen proved to be as effective as the traditional, ecologically harmful aerosol sprays.
Anesth Pain Control Dent 1992
PMID:Effects of different lidocaine sprays for topical anesthesia on cardiovascular parameters and oxygen saturation. 142 91

This study compared the efficacy of EMLA 5% Cream, Xylocaine 5% (lignocaine 5 per cent) and NUM (benzocaine 15 per cent, amethocaine 1.7 per cent) to a placebo in reducing the pain experience during needle insertion. In a random, double blind study three groups of twenty volunteers each had a paired topical anaesthetic/placebo placed bilaterally in the buccal sulcus of the upper premolar regions for two minutes, followed by the insertion of a standard 27 gauge needle to a depth of 5 mm. Pain experience was measured with visual analogue scales. Results showed that all three agents significantly reduced pain when compared with the placebo--EMLA (p less than 0.002); Xylocaine (p less than 0.05); NUM (p less than 0.005).
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PMID:A clinical evaluation of three topical anaesthetic agents. 144 45

The irritation of the nerves of the anterior abdominal wall (nervi intercostals X-XII) may imitate salpingitis, appendicitis or intraabdominal adhesion. By gentle palpation of the wall of the lower abdomen, spec. in the region of the lateral part of the musculus rectus, the points of pain are to be localized. Xylocaine-injection may give a pain-relieve for a short period of time. Mostly, there must be an operation to loosen adhesions and to dilate the nerve-exits from the lateral part of the musculus rectus.
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PMID:[Irritation of the anterior nerves of the abdominal wall--Ibrahim syndrome]. 148 88

Children with cancer experience a great deal of anxiety concerning their treatment and invasive tests such as bone marrow aspirations (BMAs) and lumbar punctures (LPs). Responses of pain, fear, and anxiety are well documented and may cause regression, developmental delay, sleeping and eating problems, nausea and vomiting, nightmares, and depression. Diagnostic and treatment procedures need not cause such adverse effects if sufficient pharmacological sedation, analgesia, and anesthesia are used. However, studies show that inappropriate interventions such as underdosing and limited use of medications occur because of certain myths, beliefs, and lack of pharmacological knowledge on the part of health professionals. Studies that specifically address premedication for painful procedures in children with cancer have shown that only a small percentage of children receive premedications and that there is no clear consensus or standard for either drugs or dosages. The issue of premedicating children before procedures remains controversial and deserves further investigation. This study explored the attitudes and perceptions of oncology physicians and nurses concerning medicating children before procedures. Findings showed that most pediatric oncology specialists medicate their patients before invasive procedures and that the most common premedications used are Versed; Demerol, Phenergan, Thorazine; chloral hydrate; Ativan; fentanyl; Demerol; and Xylocaine. Most pediatric oncology specialists believe that premedication is necessary for children for BMAs and LPs.
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PMID:Premedicating children for painful invasive procedures. 149 58


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