Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

On the basis of positive results obtained in the treatment of Sudeck's atrophy with calcitonin, the authors extended their investigation to other forms of localised osteoporosis. Six patients were examined affected by osteoporosis secondary to immobilisation, three patients with osteoporosis of the lower limbs from paralysis of the sciatic nerve and six patients with migrant osteoporosis. Treatment was as follows: pig calcitonin (Calcitar) in doses of 160 u MRC/daily + calcium gluconate in doses of 3 gr/daily. The duration of treatment averaged forty five days. In osteoporosis from immobilisation and nerve lesions the calcitonin treatment did not influence the condition and there was no change in radiographic appearances nor was there any analgesic action. On the other hand, the results were clearly positive in migrant osteoporosis: in all the patients treated there was complete regression of pain, cutaneous trophic changes, and functional loss. At a later stage, normal radiographic appearances were restored.
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PMID:Pig calcitonin in the treatment of localised osteoporosis. 6 20

The effects of synthetic salmon CT, administered subcutaneously and intermittently (1 MRC U/kg/day for 15 days/month over 6 months) were investigated in 15 uremic patients on regular dialysis treatment (RDT), all presenting various degrees of osteodystrophy. Clinically, osteoarticular pain disappeared in 8 out of 10 cases; 1 patient with rib fractures had a rapid calcification of the bone fracture repair tissue. No significant changes were found in serum calcium and PTH levels. Phosphotemia showed a significant decrease within the first 20 days. The varying individual hypophosphatemic response proved to be related to the initial level of phosphatemia. The alkaline phosphatase, when increased, showed a decrease to the normal range. A significant decrease in osteoclastic hyperactivity (active resorption surface, osteoclast index) and a slight increase in osteoblastic pool (active osteoid surface) were documented. No change was noted when osteomalacia predominated. Side effects included: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, face flushing. Our data suggest that salmon CT may be usefully employed in chronic uremic patients on RDT, when secondary hyperparathyroidism predominates.
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PMID:Effect of calcitonin on bone lesions in chronic dialysis patients. 49 16

Bone scintigraphy with 99mTc-MDP was performed on 8 patients with Paget's disease of bone. The radionuclide uptake by all the involved lesions was markedly increased, even in subclinical lesions without pain. Bone scintigraphy with 99mTc-phosphorous compounds were thought to be the most simple and sensitive technique to define the precise extent of the lesions, and to detect asymptomatic occult cases with Paget's disease. Possible A-V shunt was estimated in 3 cases by measuring the radioactivity over the lungs after the injection of 99mTc-MAA through a catheter into an artery which supplied the lesion. A-V shunt was calculated as 14.5%, 10.0% and 12.0%, respectively. An uptake study of 99mTc-MDP was attempted to quantify the effect of calcitonin treatment using a gamma camera combined with a computer. An "uptake ratio" was obtained for each lesion by dividing the count rate over the bone lesion by that over the control bone. Three cases of Paget's disease were treated with synthetic eel calcitonin analogue ([Asu1,7] E-CT) in a dose of 40 MRC unit per day. The effectiveness of CT therapy was evaluated by the X-ray film, the serum alkaline phosphatase activity (S-Al-P), the serum phosphate level, the serum calcium level and the "uptake ratio". No remarkable changes were obtained on bone X-ray films at one year after the initiation of the CT treatment in all cases. The S-Al-P levels did not show significant difference in the 2 cases, in which the S-Al-P levels were within the normal range before the treatment. In all cases, however, the "uptake ratio" of the diseased bone fell remarkably within the first three months and the rate of the fall was parallel to the decrease in the bone pain. It was considered that the "uptake ratio" on bone scintigraphy offered the most sensitive and reliable information in evaluating the CT treatment for Paget's disease.
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PMID:[Clinical feature and calcitonin therapy on Paget's disease of bone (author's transl)]. 57 27

The clinical and metabolic responses of 12 patients with painful Paget's disease have been assessed before, during and after an 18-day course of treatment with purified porcine calcitonin, 160 MRC units i.m. daily. The indices of response included relief from pain, changes in concentration of serum alkaline phosphatase, calcium, magnesium, electrolytes and plasma inorganic phosphate; balance studies of calcium, phosphate, magnesium and in some cases sodium and potassium were undertaken. Urinary excretion of hydroxyproline was also measured. Remission of pain was complete in 11 of 15 courses of treatment. Coexistent osteoarthrosis was considered to be responsible where remission was incomplete. The mean duration of remission of pain was 12 months. Three patients who received a second course of treatment achieved further remission of pain. Side effects were not troublesome. Serum levels of alkaline phosphatase decreased to 67 per cent of the initial reading and the degree of suppression depended on the initial alkaline phosphatase activity. Urinary hydroxyproline correlated closely with the activity of serum alkaline phosphatase before, during and after treatment. The ratio of serum alkaline phosphatase:hydroxyproline excretion rose at the start and at the termination of treatment. Retention of calcium and inorganic phosphate occurred during the early phase of treatment only. Withdrawal of treatment resulted in a rebound retention of calcium and inorganic phosphate. The degree of calcium retention after treatment correlated with the level of plasma inorganic phosphate prevailing before treatment. The efficacy of these short courses of calcitonin are discussed and the metabolic observations related to theories of bone remodelling at a cellular and hormonal level.
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PMID:Treatment of Paget's disease of bone with porcine calcitonin: clinical and metabolic responses. 110 Dec 86

The analgesic action of calcitonin (0.25 MRC units.kg-1) injected into lateral cerebral ventricle was investigated in rats. The pain threshold was evaluated by the tail-flick test. The influences of icv naloxone 5 micrograms/rat, a blocker of opiate receptor, on the analgesic action of calcitonin were observed. The results showed that icv calcitonin produced a significant analgesic action, which was reversed by naloxone. While the pain threshold was raised by calcitonin, the contents of central monoamines (5-HT, NE, DA) in brain (diencephalon, brain stem) were examined by fluorophotometry, which were increased remarkably. It is suggested that calcitonin-induced analgesia is related to the opiate receptors and the contents of 5-HT, NE, and DA in CNS.
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PMID:[Central analgesic action of calcitonin and its relationship with central monoamine transmitters]. 135 Aug 81

We examined 28 male leprosy patients to discover if a more extensive neurological investigation than usual would be worthwhile in diagnosis and/or management. Our findings were fully compatible with what might be expected from a mononeuritis multiplex, either due to leprosy or other causes. The following observations are noteworthy. Changes of position sense and a decrease of some tendon reflexes were present in a minority of the patients. In soles of the feet, considered to be an- or hypaesthetic, some residual pain sensation could occasionally be detected. Functional testing of at least one muscle group (m. triceps surae) appeared to be more reliable than manual testing according to MRC criteria. We concluded that an extensive neurological examination is probably not required for diagnosis. It does provide, however, more accurate information on the extent of damage to the peripheral nervous system, which may be important for management and for assessment of treatment effects. The use of a myometer is advocated.
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PMID:Neurological examination of patients suffering from leprosy: is it worthwhile? 140 22

The physiological role of calcitonin is the preservation of osseal integrity by reducing the osteoclast activity. On the other hand, this 32 amino acid peptide acts as an analgetic drug in cancer caused by osteolytic metastases. In previous studies using injection form the pain killing activity was observed in 65% of the patients. As medical assistance is required for this treatment form, it was decided to compare the pain reducing activity of nasal spray with the ampule form. It was found that 300 MRC units of nasal spray equalled 100 MRC units injection. The pain killing activity was observed in 53.8% of the patients. The reduction in quantity of other analgetics used daily was 48.5%. The average decrease of the pain duration (in h) was 42.5%. The pain intensity measured by visual analogue scale dropped to 2.13 from 3.00. The results are similar to the analgetic effect observed in the injection form. Taking this into consideration, calcitonin nasal spray is highly recommended instead of ampules.
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PMID:Pain killing with calcitonin nasal spray in patients with malignant tumors. 149 43

Chest pain is often a major problem in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma but there are few data regarding the usefulness of radiotherapy (RT) in its palliation. Following a recent retrospective report which suggested that wide-field RT frequently affords pain relief in this disease, we prospectively assessed the effect of hemithorax irradiation on pain control. Twenty-two patients with chest pain due to mesothelioma received 30 Gy in 10 daily fractions to the involved hemithorax. The patients' symptoms were assessed before RT, 1 month after RT, and then 2 monthly. Symptoms were graded by the clinician and the patient, and analgesic requirements were noted at each assessment. Performance status and respiratory status were recorded by WHO and MRC criteria respectively. Nineteen assessable patients have been followed for at least 3 months after RT. The treatment was well tolerated, with nausea and vomiting in only 1 patient. Pain control improved in 13/19 patients at 1 month, but 9/12 patients had worsening chest pain at 3 months, and at 5 months pain control had deteriorated in 6/7 patients. Although partial regression of chest wall masses was seen in 5/9 patients, RT did not appear to delay the progression of respiratory symptoms or radiological changes. The median duration of survival after RT was 4 months. Radiotherapy can relieve pain due to malignant pleural mesothelioma but its effect at this dose is short-lived.
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PMID:The role of palliative radiotherapy in malignant mesothelioma. 172 Jun 58

Interscalene brachial plexus block is a simple and effective alternative to intravenous benzodiazepines or general anaesthesia for manipulation of the dislocated shoulder. Thirty interscalene brachial plexus blocks were performed on 29 patients with dislocations of the shoulder to provide regional anaesthesia for reduction. Pain was abolished by 14 out of the 30 blocks performed, improved by 13 and unchanged by three. Muscle relaxation (MRC grade 3 or less) occurred in 21 patients. In 26 cases the block allowed reduction of the dislocation without additional analgesia or sedative. Reduction was not possible in four cases. There were no significant complications.
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PMID:Interscalene brachial plexus blocks in the management of shoulder dislocations. 278 84

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome is a difficult condition to treat. Many modalities have been proposed, all of them being clinically effective but whose efficacy is often difficult to assess, and has not been properly compared. A regimen of physical therapy (pressure therapy, antalgic electrotherapy and exercise therapy) with or without calcitonin was investigated in 24 patients randomly assigned to 2 groups, one given physical therapy alone (Group I) and the other physical therapy plus salmon calcitonin 100 MRC units daily for 3 weeks (Group II). Efficacy assessment was based on clinical (pain, oedema and movement in the affected parts), biochemical (blood and urinary phosphorus and calcium levels, plasma 25-OH-D, plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH), creatinin, alkaline phosphatases and urinary hydroxyproline) and scintigraphic parameters, as well as on the patient's ability to resume working. There was significant improvement in pain in the Group II patients after one week of treatment. As a result the authors advocate the use of calcitonin in addition to physical therapy in reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome - and even of calcitonin alone where physical therapy is not possible.
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PMID:Calcitonin and reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. 353 62


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