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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. 1-(m-Methoxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylaminomethyl)-cyclohexan-1-ol (tramadol; Tramal) was administered i.v. to patients suffering from pain of various origins. Its efficacy and side effects were compared with those of metamizole and placebo. 2. Tramadol (100 mg) was as effective as metamizole (2.5 mg) and significantly more effective than placebo. 3. All three compounds showed no significant differences in type and number of side effects.
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PMID:[Clinical trial of tramadol by means of the "paired card" system (author's transl)]. 34 88

1. The new analgesic drug 1-(m-methoxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylaminomethyl)-cyclohexan-1-ol (tramadol; Tramal) was administered to a total of 840 patients by i.m. or i.v. injection or in suppository form in an open multi-center trial. The drug was found to be an effective and well-tolerated analgesic. 2. In all three forms of administration more than 80% of the patients treated rated the therapeutic efficacy of tramadol good to very good. In most cases the analgesic effect set in within 30 min and lasted 3--7 h. Tramadol was effective in relieving pain of various origins. 3. Serious side effects were not observed. The most frequent side effect was drowsiness. Transient hot flushes and outbreaks of sweating occurred occasionally following i.v. injection.
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PMID:[The effect of tramadol in an open clinical trial (author's transl)]. 34 90

In 60 young, healthy volunteers the analgesic efficacy of 1-(m-methoxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylaminomethyl)-cyclohexan-1-ol (tramadol; Tramal), dextropropoxyphene and a commercial drug mixture (acetylsalicylic acid 200 mg; phenacetin 200 mg; codeine phosphor. 10 mg; caffeine anhydr. 50 mg; phenobarbital 25 mg) was investigated by determining the pain threshold in dental pulp. All three drugs increased the pain threshold considerably but there was no difference in the analgesic effect of the three drugs.
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PMID:[The effect of tramadol and other analgesics on the pain threshold in human dental pulp (author's transl)]. 58 Feb 14

Tramadol hydrochloride is a synthetic opiate agonist with a plasma elimination half-life of 5 to 6 hours and peak plasma levels at about 1 1/2 hours. It derives its activity from attachment to the mu-receptor and blockage of norepinephrine reuptake. The purpose of this single-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to determine the analgesic effectiveness of an oral administration of two dose levels of tramadol hydrochloride (75 or 150 mg) compared with the combination of 650 mg acetaminophen plus 100 mg propoxyphene napsylate in 161 patients with severe postoperative pain after cesarean section. Analgesia was assessed over a 6-hour period. Treatments were compared on the basis of standard scales for pain intensity and relief and a number of derived variables based on these data. A global rating of the study medication was also used to compare treatments. The three active treatments were effective analgesics, statistically superior to placebo for many hourly and summary measures. A dose response was seen between the two tramadol doses, with the 150 mg dose providing significantly greater analgesia over the lower dose. The 75 mg dose of tramadol was generally more effective than the acetaminophen-propoxyphene combination after hour 2, and significantly so for some hourly time points, as well as for the global rating of the medication. The 150 mg dose of tramadol was significantly more effective than the acetaminophen-propoxyphene combination from hour 2 through hour 6 for the sum of pain intensity differences and total pain relief scores, as well as for the global rating of the medication. Tramadol hydrochloride at both dose levels is an effective analgesic agent and at 150 mg is statistically superior to the acetaminophen-propoxyphene combination. No serious adverse effects were observed; however, dizziness was more frequently reported with 150 mg tramadol.
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PMID:Analgesic oral efficacy of tramadol hydrochloride in postoperative pain. 135 4

Opioid analgesics were used in 282 patients on the first-third day after heart, lung and abdominal surgery. The main indication for their use was pain syndrome. Adequate analgesia with tramal, nubain and moradol was noted in 73, 76 and 81% of cases. In marked pain syndrome after thoracotomy the most effective agents were moradol and morphine. Computer monitoring of the respiratory function in tramal analgesia has shown a decrease in lung ventilation, esophageal pressure, inhalation volume, O2 production. Tramal, nubain and moradol in analgesic doses did not inhibit respiration. In adequate analgesia there was a decrease in lung ventilation which was not accompanied by shifts in acid-base balance of the arterial blood. The above analgesics had no considerable effect on systemic hemodynamics, though the use of tramal decreased systemic blood pressure and the use of moradol decreased systemic blood pressure and total peripheral vascular resistance. Tramal was most effective for synchronization of spontaneous respiration with a lung ventilation device in prolonged ventilation, as well as for the arrest of muscular tremor in the postoperative period. Tramal was effective in 95% of patients in the early post-anesthesia and postoperative period.
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PMID:[Clinical aspects of the use of nubain, tramal and moradol in patients in the early postoperative period]. 141 95

Tramal was given to 204 patients who were operated on the lung, heart, abdomen. During pain therapy, good and satisfactory results were on average obtained in 75% patients operated on the lung, in 77%, on the heart, in 89%, on the abdomen, in 70%, on the great vessels. The absence of the inhibitory effect of the drug on the respiratory center and its slightly marked sedative effect allow one to recommend the agent for application in the early period following the surgery when narcotic analgesics still retain their effect and a real risk of their overdosage exists. During prolonged artificial pulmonary ventilation in the early postoperative period and in impaired adaptation of the patients to a respirator, tramal aids normalization of lung mechanics and hemodynamic parameters without eliminating and suppressing the patients' consciousness and results in cessation of muscular shivering. Adverse effects of tramal are of no decisive clinical significance and occur mainly when the drug is rapidly injected into the vein.
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PMID:[Clinical use of tramal in patients in the early postoperative period]. 259 18

In a multicenter study 153 in- and outpatients suffering from severe pain were treated for three weeks with capsules containing 50 mg 1-(m-methoxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylaminomethyl)-cyclohexan-1-ol (tramadol, Tramal). The daily dosage was limited to 400 mg. At the end of the third week the patients received in a randomized double-blind manner 1.6 mg naloxone or saline (both i.m.) to evaluate the risk of developing dependence during the 3-week tramadol treatment (precipitation test). A total of 109 patients completed the trial. Development of tolerance was not observed as was evident from a constant daily tramadol dose associated with constant analgesia. The median net withdrawal scores for the naloxone treated group (mean = 0, Xmin = 0, Xmax = 13) and for the saline treated group (mean = 0, Xmin = 0, Xmax = 5) indicate absence of dependence. The outcome of the study thus suggests that tramadol under the conditions described does not induce dependence.
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PMID:Clinical investigation on the development of dependence during oral therapy with tramadol. 409 74

Tramadol hydrochloride is a synthetic mu-opioid agonist with additional monoaminergic activity. Tramadol's analgesic effect has been equated with that of pethidine, with a more favourable side-effect profile. Tramadol has been the most-selling prescription analgesic in Germany for several years, and it is now available in many other European countries, but still there is a lack of adequately controlled clinical studies of its analgesic properties. The purpose of this study was to compare the analgesic efficacy of 50 and 100 mg oral tramadol with our standard analgesic for postoperative pain treatment, 1000 mg paracetamol + 60 mg codeine, and placebo. A single-dose, parallel group, double-blind design was used. One hundred forty-four patients were enrolled the day after total hip replacement if they had a pain intensity of 60 mm or more on a 0-100 mm visual analogue scale. Treatments were compared on the basis of pain intensity and derived variables (pain intensity difference, and summed pain intensity differences), the need of rescue medication, and a global evaluation. Serum concentrations confirmed rapid and good absorption comparable with that reported in healthy volunteers. The active drug control, paracetamol+codeine, was significantly superior to placebo for all efficacy variable (P = 0.0002-0.004), confirming good assay sensitivity. Paracetamol+codeine was also significantly superior to both 50 mg tramadol (P = 0.002-0.03) and 100 mg tramadol (P = 0.002-0.02). There was no difference between placebo and 50 and 100 mg tramadol for any of the efficacy variables.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pain 1995 Jul
PMID:Lack of analgesic effect of 50 and 100 mg oral tramadol after orthopaedic surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo and standard active drug comparison. 874 Jun 23

Tramal, the drug produced by the "Grunenthal" firm (FRG) was used in the treatment of 478 patients with malignant neoplasms. In 24.46% patients, the side effects were noted, which were characteristic of the majority of analgetics and didn't threaten the life. The authors recommend to use Tramal for cupping off the pain syndrome at the postoperative period, and in incurable patients as well.
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PMID:[Effectiveness of the analgesic, tramal, in the treatment of patients with oncologic diseases]. 752 59

Tramadol (Zydol-Searle) is a centrally acting opioid analgesic newly marketed in the UK for use by mouth or injection. It is licensed for the prevention and treatment of moderate to severe pain. The manufacturer claims that it causes less constipation and respiratory depression than conventional opioids and that it offers a special "dual action". We examine the claims and consider the place of tramadol.
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PMID:Tramadol--a new analgesic. 763 11


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