Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The analgesic effect of intraventricular somatostatin-14 (SOM-14), arginine vasopressin (AVP), and oxytocin (OT) were tested in one terminally ill cancer patient with a diffuse mesothelioma suffering intractable continuous and incapacitating thoracic pain. SOM-14 reduced pain by 90% for 48 min; AVP reduced pain by 95% for 75 min, and OT reduced pain by 88% for 77 min. The only notable side effects were seen after the administration of AVP, which induced anesthesia and flaccid paralysis of the lower limbs, from which the patient fully recovered after 20 h.
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PMID:Intraventricular somatostatin-14, arginine vasopressin, and oxytocin: analgesic effect in a patient with intractable cancer pain. 289 90

Pain thresholds are increased following central administration of arginine vasopressin (AVP), an effect which appears not to be mediated through opioid analgesic processes. In addition to magnocellular projections to the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland and parvocellular projections to the zona externa of the median eminence, the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus contains VP parvocellular neurons which also project to extrahypothalamic structures involved in pain inhibition. The present study examined whether AVP analgesia as measured by the tail-flick test was altered in animals with lesions placed in the PVN at either 7 or 35 days after surgery. VP levels in the pons-medulla and the lumbo-sacral spinal cord were measured by radioimmunoassay, as well as VP-like immunoreactivity in the PVN and spinal cord with immunocytochemistry. Lesions placed in the PVN eliminated AVP analgesia on the tail-flick test at both 7 and 35 days after surgery, and decreased radioimmunoassayable VP by 59% in the lumbo-sacral spinal cord and 36% in the pons-medulla. The extent of the lesions ranged from complete destruction of the PVN to partial sparing of ventro-medial PVN cells with VP-like immunoreactivity. These data indicate that the PVN is a critical structure for the integrity of AVP analgesia.
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PMID:Elimination of vasopressin analgesia following lesions placed in the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. 371 29

During the evaluation of epidural blockade with light general anesthesia for pheochromocytoma resection, increases in plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentrations were noted. We measured AVP levels in conjunction with plasma catecholamines during perioperative maneuvers in eight consecutive patients undergoing resection of pheochromocytomas. Hormonal responses (mean +/- SE) for preoperative baseline and peak values during tumor manipulation were as follows: AVP, 5 microgram/ml or picogram/ml (+/- 1.7) to a peak of 129 pg/ml (+/- 44) pg/ml; norepinephrine, 5,834 pg/ml (+/- 2,564) to 72,422 (+/- 31,433) pg/ml; epinephrine, 1,033 pg/ml (+/- 405) to 56,444 (+/- 23,542) pg/ml; and dopamine, 165 pg/ml (+/- 35) to 4,231 (+/- 1,318) pg/ml. Maximal AVP values occurred with tumor manipulation and remained elevated for 24 hours postoperatively. Neither epidural placement, induction of anesthesia, nor epidural narcotics used for postoperative pain control had any effect on AVP or catecholamine levels. These extraordinarily high concentrations of plasma AVP found during tumor manipulation may contribute to hemodynamic lability and fluid problems in patients undergoing surgery for the treatment of pheochromocytoma.
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PMID:Elevated plasma vasopressin (AVP) levels during resection of pheochromocytomas. 378 73

A comparative study of analgesic and endocrinologic effects of obstetrical epidural anesthesia (EA, n = 23) and paracervical block (PCB, n = 39) was performed. Pain intensity was assessed on a horizontal linear scale. Simultaneously, blood samples for the determination of concentrations of norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) were obtained. NE and AVP levels did not bear any relationship to pain scores. Instead, the average plasma E profile during labor was practically identical with the profile of pain scores. Plasma levels of E decreased significantly after EA. A similar but short-lived effect was observed also after PCB. When comparable doses of bupivacaine were used (30 mg in the EA group and 25 mg in the PCB group); initial pain relief after EA and PCB was similar, though after 30 min the pain score increased for patients who received the PCB, while patients who received EA had continued pain relief. Faster absorption of bupivacaine was observed after paracervical than epidural injection. Decreased variability was seen in the fetal cardiograms in 25% after EA and in 33% after PCB. Transient bradycardia was observed in 2 cases after paracervical injection.
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PMID:Epidural and paracervical blockades in obstetrics. Catecholamines, arginine vasopressin and analgesic effect. 381 42

A combination of radioimmunoassays and chromatography under acid-dissociating conditions has been used to obtain profiles of ACTH and LPH-related peptides in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. The spectra of peptides observed in these two fluids differ markedly. ACTH, beta-LPH, gamma-LPH and beta-endorphin are observed in the plasma of normal subjects and patients with increased pituitary ACTH secretion, whereas cerebrospinal fluid contains ACTH, beta-LPH, gamma-LPH and beta-endorphin, a 31 000-molecular-weight putative precursor having ACTH, LPH and gamma-MSH immunoreactivities, as well as pro-gamma-MSH(1-77) and smaller immunoreactive gamma-MSH fragments, alpha-MSH was not observed in blood or cerebrospinal fluid but this pars intermedia peptide and corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP) were both found in tumour tissues obtained from patients with the ectopic ACTH syndrome. In vitro studies of human pituitary tumour tissues confirmed concomitant secretion of ACTH, beta-LPH, gamma-LPH, beta-endorphin and pro-gamma-MSH, which could be stimulated by a preparation of crude stalk median eminence and synthetic arginine vasopressin, from the rat, and could be suppressed by hydrocortisone. Clinical studies in which electroacupuncture was used to alleviate the symptoms of heroin withdrawal or recurrent pain revealed that concentrations of met-enkephalin and beta-endorphin, respectively, may rise in cerebrospinal fluid in association with relief of symptoms.
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PMID:Pars intermedia peptides: studies in adult humans. 626 79

The biochemical background of primary dysmenorrhea is characterized by high uterine prostaglandin levels, high levels of blood arginine vasopressin and of estradiol in the late cycle. In dysmenorrheic patients the progesterone level is slightly higher when bleeding starts, than in eumenorrheic patients, but is normal during the late cycle. Biochemical actions pass through free 'activator' calcium, and this, together with possible micro-anatomic changes (like increased frequency of gap junctions), explains the smooth-muscle dysfunction. The uterine activity is characterized by high conduction velocity (as indicated by the high rate of rise in active pressure) and by high resting pressure. The pathophysiology of primary dysmenorrhea includes diminished uterine blood flow and anoxic pain, which result from the constriction of the uterine arteries and/or from the contracture on the uterine muscle itself.
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PMID:Prostaglandins and the non-pregnant uterus. The pathophysiology of primary dysmenorrhea. 634 45

Recent neuroanatomical and behavioral evidence has indicated that vasopressin (VP) increases pain thresholds. In the present study intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of both arginine VP (AVP: 75-500 ng) and 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP: 150-500 ng) elevated tail flick latencies. Oxytocin (OXY, ICV), also elevated tail-flick latencies (150-1000 ng); however this increase was accompanied by "barrel-roll" seizure activity. VP analgesia was eliminated by pretreatment with 1-deamino-penicillamine-2(O-methyl)tyrosine-AVP (dPTyr(me)AVP: 500 ng, ICV), a VP antagonist, but not naloxone (1 or 10 micrograms, ICV), suggesting that VP modulates nonciceptive thresholds through its own binding sites. Conversely, pretreatment with naloxone (1 micrograms, ICV) but not dPTyr(me)AVP (1 microgram, ICV) attenuated the analgesic efficacy of systemic morphine (10 mg/kg), further dissociating VP and central opiate analgesic processes. Finally, systemic pretreatment with dexamethasone potentiated VP analgesia. These data support the notion that VP is a specific non-opioid pain inhibitor.
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PMID:Vasopressin analgesia: specificity of action and non-opioid effects. 649 25

The use of 1 deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDVAP), is reported in seven patients with von Willebrand's disease and mild haemophilia undergoing elective surgery. There were no haemorrhagic complications, and both the quality of the clot formed and the rate of healing appeared entirely normal in all patients. No patient received blood products. Local burning pain due to paravenous leakage at the infusion site in a single patient, and transient facial flushing in another were the only side effects encountered. In addition to the anticipated rise in F.VIII:C and F.VIIIR:Ag, shortening of the bleeding time was observed in all five patients with von Willebrand's disease receiving DDAVP. Three additional patients who received intranasal DDAVP showed an inconsistent response in the laboratory parameters measured.
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PMID:Clinical experience with arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) in von Willebrand's disease and mild haemophilia. 697 Sep 7

The effects of stimulation of supraoptic nucleus (SON) on the changes of oxytocin (OT), arginine vasopressin (AVP), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) in the perfusate of locus coeruleus (LC) and changes of pain threshild (PT) were studied by methods of microinjection, radioimmunoassay (RIA) and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. The results showed that the OT contents at 30, 60 and 90 min after stimulation, that of AVP at 30 min and 5-HT at 60 min were increased significantly, while the NE contents at 30 and 60 min were decreased markedly. Injection of V1 antagonist into LC did not affect the analgesic effect caused by administration of L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) into SON, which, however, could be partially inhibited by V2 antagonist or even reversed by OT antagonist. The above results suggested that the analgesic effect due to stimulation of SON is caused by increase of 5-HT and decreases of NE in the LC though the action of OT released by SON on OT and V2 receptor in LC.
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PMID:[Role of locus coeruleus in analgesia caused by stimulation of supraoptic nucleus]. 748 72

The vasopressin analogue, 1-desamino-8-arginine vasopressin (desmopressin), is a potent antidiuretic without the pressor effects of vasopressin. A total of 18 patients with acute renal colic due to stone disease received 40 microgramsf1p4mopressin intranasal spray with encouraging results. There was a significant decrease in the colic pain intensity from an initial mean visual analogue score of 67 +/- 17 mm. to 39 +/- 36 mm. within 30 minutes (p < 0.001). Eight patients (44.4%) had complete pain relief within 30 minutes of administering intranasal desmopressin spray. Nine of 10 patients who required intramuscular diclofenac sodium achieved complete pain relief within another 30 minutes. In other words, when intranasal desmopressin spray was administered before diclofenac sodium, 94.4% of the patients achieved complete pain relief and were discharged home. The mechanism of analgesic action of desmopressin in renal colic is uncertain. At the peripheral level, desmopressin may alleviate the acute renal colic through its potent antidiuretic effect or by relaxing the renal pelvic and ureteral smooth muscles. The central analgesic effect of desmopressin by stimulating the release of the hypothalamic beta-endorphin is proposed. We conclude that intranasal desmopressin spray can be used successfully in the treatment of renal colic. It may also replace prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors in treating renal colic with the advantage of avoiding the potential side effects. Further studies are needed to investigate whether the combination of desmopressin with analgesics or spasmolytic drugs offers competitive results compared with those achieved by prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors in the treatment of renal colic.
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PMID:Treatment of renal colic by desmopressin intranasal spray and diclofenac sodium. 771 52


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