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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Stretching or upper forearm bands were used in the treatment of radial epicondylalgia ('tennis elbow') in a prospective study of 185 patients. The two consecutive series did not differ with respect to, for example, age (median 43 years), gender (57% men), symptom duration (mean 12 months) and symptomatic elbow (68% right), and were examined before and after 1 month of treatment, then at 3 and 9 months, and at a long-term follow-up (44/33 months). The 94 stretching-treated patients were instructed to perform home exercises twice daily, but were also treated at six physiotherapist sessions the first month. The other 91 patients were told to use a prescribed proximal forearm band in daily activities as much as possible. Both treatments were successful with a continuous symptom reduction, but the outcome was statistically significant in favour of stretching at all follow-ups, as assessed by subjective evaluation on a visual analogue pain scale, tabulated pain and condition alternatives on questionnaires, and objective findings such as palpation tenderness at the radial epicondyle, the (Mills') 'tennis elbow pain test', and range-of-motion. Practically all measured range-of-motions were restricted in both groups before treatment and did increase with stretching during the follow-up period, while the various changes in the forearm band group were statistically non-significant.
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PMID:Radial epicondylalgia ('tennis elbow'): treatment with stretching or forearm band. A prospective study with long-term follow-up including range-of-motion measurements. 924 Oct 29

Nora's tumor, also known as bizarre paraosteal osteochondromatous proliferation, is an exophytic outgrowth from the cortical surface that consists of a mixture of bone, cartilage, and fibrous tissue. It is a benign lesion with atypical microscopic features and a tendency to recur. Nora reported 35 cases emerging from the bones of the hands and feet. The largest published series is of 65 cases, with 17 lesions involving the long bones. With this exception, most authors report isolated cases. Age range from 8 to 74 years but most patients are between 20 and 35 years of age, and with the lesion affecting males and females in equal proportions. Usually the presenting symptoMs are due to bony mass, with a variable growth rate (months-years), and infrequent pain. In 15-20% of the cases there was trauma in the patient history: nevertheless, Fechner and Mills report no association with trauma. Radiography shows a calcified, rounded mass emerging directly from the surface of the bone. Isotope bone scans show intense tracer uptake in the lesion. With time, the appearance progresses to the more characteristic mature bone architecture.
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PMID:Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation. Difficulty in diagnosis. 1156 77

An employee is diagnosed with cancer or loses a family member unexpectedly. An earthquake destroys an entire section of a city, leaving hundreds dead, injured, or homeless. At time like these, managerial handbooks fail us. After all, leaders can't eliminate personal suffering, nor can they ask employees who are dealing with these crises to check their emotions at the door. But compassionate leadership can facilitate personal as well as organizational healing. Based on research the authors have conducted at the University of Michigan and the University of British Columbia's CompassionLab, this article describes what leaders can do to foster organizational compassion in times of trauma. They recount real-world examples, including a story of personal tragedy at Newsweek, natural disasters that affected Macy's and Malden Mills, and the events of September 11, 2001. During times of collective pain and confusion, compassionate leaders take some form of public action, however small, that is intended to ease people's pain and inspire others to act. By openly demonstrating their own humanity, executives can unleash a compassionate response throughout the whole company, increasing bonds among employees and attachments to the organization. The authors say compassionate leaders uniformly provide two things: a "context for meaning"--creating an environment in which people can freely express and discuss how they feel--and a "context for action"--creating an environment in which those who experience or witness pain can find ways to alleviate their own and others' suffering. A leader's competence in demonstrating and fostering compassion is vital, the authors conclude, to nourishing the very humanity that can make people--and organizations--great.
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PMID:Leading in times of trauma. 1296 67

The trial was carried out at a commercial pig farm in Bukit Pelanduk, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. The objective of the study was to assess the efficacy of supplemental iron in drinking water and iron in paste form in comparison with the iron dextran injection. A total of 12 litters were used divided into three treatments : iron dextran injection (ID), Fedexx" - iron in paste form (IP) and Opti-iron" - iron in drinking water (IW). Hemoglobin level and growth performance parameters were monitored weekly over a period of 28 days. ID piglets had significantly higher (p < 0.05) body weight and weekly weight gain compared with IW piglets at 21 and 28 days of age whereas no significant different (p > 0.05) results were found between IP and IW piglets. Hemoglobin level from days 0 to 28 showed statistical difference (p > 0.05) between piglets in IP and IW groups. Mild anemia was found in IP piglets but not for ID and IW piglets compared with normal value (> 9 g/dL). Hemoglobin (Hb) levels were positively correlated (p < 0.05, r = .47) with body weight at 28 days of age. In conclusion, pigs supplemented with iron in paste form and drinking water had poorer growth performance than iron dextran injection piglets. Piglets given iron in paste form had mild anemia. It is advisable to give multiple doses of oral iron to piglets in order to prevent iron deficiency anemia. During the first 4 weeks of life, the body weights of the piglets increased by up to 5-fold. The dietary requirement for iron during this period is 7 mg per day but only 1 mg per day can be supplied by the sow's milk (Cunha, 1977; Miller and Ullrey, 1997; Roberts, 1998). The need to provide the piglets with an adequate amount of iron before weaning is therefore imperative because sow's milk alone will not meet the iron requirements of rapid growth and expanding blood volume (Hannan, 1971). Several different methods can be used to offer iron to preweaning piglets. The most common administration method for iron in piglets is through an intramuscular injection of iron dextran complex at 3 days of age. A single dose of 200 mg/ml iron-dextran is effective against iron deficiency anemia. However, the method is very stressful to the piglets. They will suffer more pain if a greater dosage of iron is given intramuscularly. Furthermore, poor iron injection techniques may cause considerable trauma to the muscles, staining of hams or create abscesses and lead to downgrading of the carcasses (Roberts, 1998). Since there are several drawbacks to the iron injection, alternative methods need to be considered in intensive farming i.e. supply iron orally (Miller and Ullrey, 1997). The oral administration of iron has two advantages: cost and the fact that absorption is regulated by the intestinal mucosae. However, oral administration requires multiple doses. This is because a single dose may not be sufficient to protect the piglets from iron deficiency anemia for the first 4 weeks post-partum. The iron bioavailability in oral iron depends greatly on iron status of animals (Amine et al., 1972; Susan and Wright, 1985). In addition, dietary factors such as amino acids and protein sources (Martinez et al., 1981), pectin content, phytate (Morris and Ellis, 1982) and the other minerals (Elvehjem and Hart, 1932; Hedges and Kornegay, 1973; Suttle and Mills, 1966) may also influence the bioavailability of iron. Oral iron can be given as paste or drinking water. Early administration of oral iron within the first few days of life will meet the iron needs of the suckling pig. However, it is critical to administer early before gut closure to large molecules (Harmon et al., 1974; Thoren-Tolling, 1975). This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of iron supplementation in drinking water or paste form in comparison with the injection of iron compounds in suckling pigs.
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PMID:The effects of iron supplementation in preweaning piglets. 2269 28