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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical effects of three lidocaine-containing solutions with and without frigen (freon-113) as a propellant, after different waiting periods, and with different dosages applied were investigated in 130 outpatients who were undergoing dental treatment in the maxilla under local anesthesia. They were divided randomly into five groups (A through E): (A) Xylocaine spray with frigen, two applications (20 mg lidocaine); (B) Xylestesin spray with frigen, two applications (14 mg lidocaine); (C) Xylestesin spray with frigen, three applications (21 mg lidocaine); (D) Xylestesin pump spray without frigen, two applications (14 mg lidocaine); and (E) no topical anesthesia. They were further divided into 12 subgroups to evaluate waiting periods between the application of the topical anesthesia and the injection (1, 2, or 3 minutes). Patients assessed the pain of the injection, intensity of numbness, and intensity of the taste on a visual analog scale; they also assessed the pain of the injection compared to former injections. Pain during injection was reduced by topical application of lidocaine. A waiting period of 2 minutes proved to be sufficient and can be justified to avoid impatience and increased numbness in patients. However, a 3-minute waiting period may be appropriate for sensitive patients. An increase in the dosage failed to show better analgesia. The pump spray without frigen proved to be effective.
Anesth Pain Control Dent 1992
PMID:Clinical investigation of potency and onset of different lidocaine sprays for topical anesthesia in dentistry. 139 79

We have investigated if alfentanil acts via peripheral opioid receptors to relieve the pain which occurs on injection of propofol. Thirty seconds before induction of anaesthesia and immediately after a tourniquet at 50 mm Hg greater than systolic pressure was inflated on the upper arm, patients were given either placebo (n = 22), alfentanil 1 mg (n = 22) or lignocaine 40 mg (n = 22) via an i.v. cannula in the dorsum of the hand. Pain during injection of propofol was assessed using a three-point verbal rating scale, recorded at 8-s intervals. We found a significant reduction in pain after lignocaine compared with the two other groups (P < 0.001), but there was no difference between the placebo and alfentanil groups. We conclude that alfentanil does not relieve pain on injection with propofol via an action on peripheral opioid receptors when alfentanil is limited to the forearm for 30 s before induction of anaesthesia.
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PMID:Alfentanil-mediated analgesia during propofol injection: no evidence for a peripheral action. 888 18

This study was conducted to compare pain perception of intraligamentary anesthesia (ILA) using a computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system (CCLADS) versus a conventional intraligamentary injection for extraction of primary molars. A randomized controlled trial was designed where 82 children requiring 102 primary molar extractions were given ILA of 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine with either the conventional method or a CCLADS. Pain during injection and extraction was assessed using the Sound, Eye, Motor (SEM) scale and heart rate recording. Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS) scores were self-reported by patients. The Mann-Whitney test was used for evaluation of FPS and SEM scores and Student's t test for evaluation of heart rate readings. Heart rate values during injection were found to be higher, but not statistically significantly higher (p = .077), for conventional injection versus CCLADS; however, heart rate values during extraction were significantly higher for the conventional method (p = .009). Both FPS and SEM values were found to be significantly higher for conventional ILA technique (p < .05). ILA can be an effective alternative means of anesthesia for primary molar extractions, and CCLADS devices can make ILA more effective and less painful.
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PMID:Comparison of Pain Perception Using Conventional Versus Computer-Controlled Intraligamentary Local Anesthetic Injection for Extraction of Primary Molars. 3118 41