Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cutaneous sensory units labeled C-fiber polymodal nociceptors have a broadly coherent set of responsive characteristics. These include; (a) elevated thresholds to mechanical stimulation and to heat; (b) excitation by irritant and algesic chemicals; and (c) sensitization by injury or algesic substances. These characteristics and the match between the signals produced by C-polymodal nociceptors to pain-causing stimuli and human reports of pain indicate a probable causal connection. Nevertheless, there are indications that this population of sensory units may contain functionally-distinct subtypes. Some human C-polymodal nociceptors have been reported to be excited by histamine at low concentrations, whereas much of the population lacks such responsiveness. Further, in vitro studies of the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and low pH on sensitization suggest distinctions in the responsiveness of different elements whose general characteristics place them into the C-polymodal category. The enhanced responsiveness of C-polymodal nociceptors after heat stimulation or exposure to acidity has a probable relationship to the primary hyperalgesia produced after injury to hairy skin or in the presence of inflammation. Furthermore, the alterations of C-polymodal nociceptor characteristics after partial nerve injury and sympathectomy imply a change in phenotype of neurons spared by denervation and are suggestive of a possible relationship to sympathetically related pain and post-sympathetic neuralgias. These evidences of plasticity in responsiveness of a set of sense organs putatively associated with cutaneous pain represent lessons in the adaptability of biological mechanisms, and clues to the pathophysiology of pain.
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PMID:Cutaneous polymodal receptors: characteristics and plasticity. 900 26

The maintenance of vaginal flora is of major importance for users of hormonal contraceptives in order to exclude negative symptoms: discharge, dyspareunia, and itching. Genia 92 vaginal suppositories were employed in a study of their protective effect on the vaginal ecosystem. 47 women of reproductive age using hormonal contraception were enrolled in the investigation. The minimal duration of use of hormonal pills was 12 months. Monogamous sexual intercourse was confirmed in the anamnesis of the women studied. During the course of treatment, 10 pieces of Genia 92 vaginal suppositories were placed in the vagina every other day. The patients were followed-up by gynecological examinations twice during the study: before treatment and 30 days later. The following vaginal symptoms were noted on a 4-step scale of increasing severity (0, 1, 2, 3): 8, 21, 13, and 5 patients had discharge before treatment vs. 36, 8, 3, and 0 after treatment (30 days later), respectively. Skin reddening was noted in 7, 17, 12, and 11 women before and 39, 6, 2, and 0 women after treatment, respectively. Itching occurred in 16, 19, 10, and 2 patients before treatment and 41, 6, 0, and 0 patients after treatment, respectively. Pain was registered in 29, 12, 6, and 0 patients before treatment and 43, 4, 0, and 0 patients after treatment, respectively. Dyspareunia occurred in 21, 19, 5, and 2 women before treatment and 38, 6, 3, and 0 women after treatment, respectively. Each patient's pH was also determined before and after treatment and it was found that significant stabilization of the acidity was attained within a pH range of 4.50-4.32 after treatment. In 5 patients, pathogenic microorganisms were discovered during control examinations, most likely the result of infection. Thus, the suppositories exerted a beneficial effect on the vaginal flora of these women, thereby protecting epithelial tissue.
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PMID:[The use of Geniia vaginal suppositories in patients employing hormonal contraceptives]. 928 63

The non ulcer dyspepsia (N.U.D) syndrome is a functional disease; according with new concepts obtained from pharmacology and sustented by therapy, the anti H2 drugs (not the antacids one) has an prokinetic action upon the stomach and control the gastric distention which is the cause of the pain, and not the increase of the gastric acidity. For these reasons and by observing the good response to therapy, the author proposed the name of Gastric Dyskinesia Dyspepsia.
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PMID:[Non-ulcer dyspepsia or gastric dyskinesia dyspepsia]. 936 71

The accepted decompression methods of chronic pancreatitis are the longitudinal pancreaticogastrostomy and the conventional pancreaticojejunostomy. The aim of the present study was to estimate the effect of these types of drainage operations on gastric acidity and to evaluate the clinical results. Between Jan. 1992 to 1996 56 patients with chronic pancreatitis were selected into the investigation who were operated in our clinic. A 24 hour gastric monitoring was taken on every patient before and 6 weeks after the operation. Following a complete postoperative check up we found that both types of operations are effective for pain relief (71%). Retrospectively 83% of the patients had no digestive problems due to pancreatic enzyme substitution. According to our statistical evaluation of 24 hour gastric pH monitoring test no alteration was detected in gastric pH in both groups pre- and postoperatively. On the basis of pH measuring and evaluated data we consider that pancreaticogastrostomy is a good operation choice to relieve intractable pain in selected patients with chronic pancreatitis associated with duct dilatation.
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PMID:Monitoring of gastric acidity following ductal decompression surgery for chronic pancreatitis. 940 4

The dependence of acid-formation in the stomach on the blockade of sympathetic innervation of the acid-formation area was investigated in 38 patients in whom the paravertebral novocaine blockade was made at the ThVII-ThIX level in order to cup off the pain syndrome. The control group included 7 patients without diseases of the organs of the hepato-pancreatico-duodenal zone. This blockade was found to sharply increase the basal acid-formation in healthy people. In patients with the high acid-formation it leads to greater elevation of acidity. It was shown that the disturbed functional balance between two parts of the vegetative nervous system responsible for the acid-formation function of the stomach was one of the causes of higher acid formation in patients with peptic ulcer of the gastroenterostomy and with chronic ulcer of the duodenum. It seems to be reasonable to investigate disturbances of the function of sympathetic innervation of the acid-formation area of the stomach for determining the optimum volume of surgical interventions in such patients.
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PMID:[The effect of a paravertebral novocaine block on acid formation in the stomach]. 941 39

Cardiac afferents are sensory neurons that mediate angina, pain that occurs when the heart receives insufficient blood supply for its metabolic demand (ischemia). These neurons display enormous acid-evoked depolarizing currents, and they fire action potentials in response to extracellular acidification that accompanies myocardial ischemia. Here we show that acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3), but no other known acid-sensing ion channel, reproduces the functional features of the channel that underlies the large acid-evoked current in cardiac afferents. ASIC3 and the native channel are both especially sensitive to pH, interact similarly with Ca(2+), and gate rapidly between closed, open, and desensitized states. Particularly important is the ability of ASIC3 and the native channel to open at pH 7, a value reached in the first few minutes of a heart attack. The steep activation curve suggests that the channel opens when four protons bind. We propose that ASIC3, a member of the degenerin channel (of Caenorhabditis elegans)/epithelial sodium channel family of ion channels, is the sensor of myocardial acidity that triggers cardiac pain, and that it might be a useful pharmaceutical target for treating angina.
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PMID:Acid-sensing ion channel 3 matches the acid-gated current in cardiac ischemia-sensing neurons. 1120 43

Nitric oxide (NO) is a mediator of essential biological processes, including vasodilatation, anti-microbial activity and wound healing. A chemical system using sodium nitrite and ascorbic acid has been developed which generates significant amounts of NO. The originally described system was messy and impractical, and the high acidity may cause pain and further tissue damage in ulcerated skin. To overcome this, a selectively permeable, hydrophilic polyester co-polymer membrane system (Sympatex ) has been identified that can be placed between the NO-generating chemicals and the skin. The aim of the present study was to determine whether NO derived from this chemical system was able to diffuse through the membrane and have a measurable vasodilatory effect on forearm skin in healthy volunteers. The Sympatex 10 microm membrane was found to be highly permeable to NO, while preventing passage of the constituents of the NO-generation gel to the skin. The transmembrane NO-generation system had a vasodilatory effect comparable with that resulting from direct topical application. Additionally, the NO generated was effective in killing Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at doses lower than those required to increase skin blood flow. The vasodilatory and anti-microbial effects of this system may be useful as a patch-based topical therapy for skin ulceration, particularly when there is concomitant ischaemia and infection.
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PMID:A novel method for the delivery of nitric oxide therapy to the skin of human subjects using a semi-permeable membrane. 1125 77

Organism's good tolerance toward Ranitidin and Famotidin makes possible an application of doses higher than the ones put into everyday practice. This is a very favorable circumstance considering the fact that according to some authors the decreasing of acidity in oesophagus apparently depends on the applied dose of the medicine. Thus the treatment with famotidin 2 x 40 mg allows an additional decreasing of acidity in lower oesophagus. We investigate the effect of intravenous application of famotidin (quamatel) in dose 2 x 20 mg and 2 x 40 mg as monotherapy in cases of reflux-oesophagitis and erosive gastritis as well as organism's tolerance toward it. There are 23 patients studied--17 men and 6 women, between 18 and 70 years old. The diagnoses are: reflux-oesophagitis--23, chronic erosive gastritis and reflux-oesophagitis--8. The patients are selected according to clinical criteria--scalding and/or pain in the oesophagus accompanied with acidity in the mouth cavity. The diagnoses are put gastoscopically. The results of the intravenous applying of quamatel are accounted in reference to the clinical complaints (scalding and/or pain in the oesophagus, acidity in mouth cavity) as well as to the endoscopic and histologic changes in the oesophagus and stomach mucosa. In patients with chronic erosive oesophagitis the efficiency of treatment was confirmed with complete epithelization of the erosions in 22 of 23. The short-period use of large doses 2 x 40 mg quickly improves the clinic symptoms and decreases the period of epithelization twice. The clinic experience shows that the intravenous form of quamatel remains the most effective in cases of short-term and intensive therapy of erosive gastritis with accomplicated hard and emergency clinical cases when the aim is to be avoided the peroral application of anti-ulcer means. An important advantage of the intravenous treatment with quamatel is its low price.
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PMID:[Intravenous treatment with quamatel in reflux-esophagus and erosive gastritis]. 1168 30

Most patients with peptic ulcers or gastroesophageal reflex disease develop subjective symptoms of epigastralgia and retrosternal pain during the period of time from the middle of the night to the early dawn (nocturnal pain). Such pain often disappears before breakfast. Disturbed circadian rhythm of gastric acid secretion may have a close relationship with the onset and aggravation of acid-related diseases. On the other hand, Helicobacter pylori has been considered to be an etiological agent of duodenal ulcer, and H. pylori eradication has been conducted in patients with gastritis and peptic ulcers. However, such eradication therapy sometimes results in the onset or deterioration of gastroesophageal reflux diseases. In this context, the question of whether the circadian rhythm of gastric acid secretion varies in accordance with the presence or absence of H. pylori infection is of interest. In the present study, we examined the fluctuation in intragastric acidity via a portable pH meter in 10 H. pylori-positive and 10 H. pylori-negative subjects. As a result, a significant difference in the circadian rhythmicity was observed between the H. pylori-negative and the H. pylori-positive group, with mean values for each parameter of 28.1 and 13.3 for amplitude, 22.7 and 12.4 for the midline-estimating statistic of rhythm (MESOR), and 324.0 and 321.0 for acrophase, respectively (P < 0.001). In both H. pylori-positive and negative groups, a tendency was observed toward an increase in intragastric acidity during the time period from the middle of the night to the early dawn, and toward a decrease in intragastric acidity during the early morning. In the H. pylori-positive group, the values for intragastric acidity over time were lower, and the degree of amplitude was smaller as compared to the H. pylori-negative group. Further, H. pylori-positive individuals were at a more advanced stage of the disease.
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PMID:Intragastric acidity and circadian rhythm. 1177 61

The main drugs causing gastroduodenal ulcers are NSAIDs, steroids, antibiotics and anticancer agents. Among these causative drugs, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ranked first, followed by steroids, antibiotics, anticancer agents and other drugs, including over the counter drugs for the management of pain and common cold. Mechanisms of mucosal injury of NSAIDs are mainly direct inhibition cyclooxygenase (COX), mucosal injury by free radicals and direct contact of a drug to mucosa according to high acidity and high osmotic pressure. Clinical features of NSAIDs induced gastric ulcers are below: ulcer location concentrated in the pyloric region to the antrum, comprising three-fourths of all cases, multiple ulcers are found in 24% of the subjects. The frequency of relatively small ulcers, surrounded by highly swollen mucosa, is high. Deeply dug ulcers and large, irregularly shaped ulcers are also characteristic findings. NSAIDs induced bleeding gastroduodenal ulcers are seen in 21% of bleeding gastric ulcers which are stopped by the hemostatic method using pure ethanol injection. More than 80% of the cases are in the aged. All cases are successfully stopped bleeding and treated conservatively.
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PMID:[NSAIDs induced gastroduodenal ulcer in the aged]. 1218 46


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