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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The majority of benign breast disorders may be classified as developmental and involutive. Mastalgia and breast nodularity represent the greatest groups of these disorders, while epithelial hyperplasia is a complex benign disorder which is most difficult to be evaluated. Sixty women with diagnosis of cyclic mastalgia and 30 with noncyclic breast pain were followed-up. Patients were administered bromocryptine, danazol or a local progestogel. Better treatment results were achieved in cyclic mastalgia than in women with noncyclic mastalgia. One hundred and forty-five biopsies of the benign breast tissue were examined histologically. Nonproliferative forms were found in 66.9% of the women, proliferative without atypia in 29.65%, and proliferative with atypia in 3.45% of the patients. Atypical ductal hyperplasia and atypical lobular hyperplasia increase four-to fivefold the risk for breast cancer. Prophylactic subcutaneous or total mastectomy is not as a rule indicated in atypical epithelial hyperplasia, only regular follow-up is required.
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PMID:[Developmental and involutional breast disorders]. 134 37

Mastalgia commonly presents to medical practitioners. The majority of patients can be managed by exclusion of cancer and reassurance. In some the severity of pain affects the quality of life and drug treatment should be considered. Since its inception 324 patients with cyclical mastalgia and 90 with non-cyclical mastalgia have received a therapeutic trial of drug treatment in the Cardiff Mastalgia Clinic. Overall 92% of those with cyclical mastalgia and 64% with non-cyclical mastalgia obtained a clinically useful response to therapy. Danazol was the most effective drug, with bromocriptine and evening primrose oil having equivalent efficacy. Many fewer adverse events were complained of by patients treated with evening primrose oil than danazol or bromocriptine.
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PMID:Drug treatments for mastalgia: 17 years experience in the Cardiff Mastalgia Clinic. 154 47

Mastalgia (breast pain) is the commonest breast problem women present with in general practice. Mastalgia can be apparent, when due to referred pain or costochondritis, for instance; or real, when it can be localised or diffused. Diffused pain can be cyclical or non cyclical. An important association of cyclical mastalgia is benign mammary dysplasia (fibroadenosis). It is important to exclude malignancy and to reassure patients.
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PMID:Mastalgia. 186 98

376 Nigerian women who presented with histologically proved breast tumour (256 benign and 120 malignant) were admitted to a study of mastalgia and breast tumour. A total of 67 patients, consisting of 57 (22.3%) of 256 benign disease patients and 10 (8.3%) of 120 malignant disease patient had pain, compared to 199 (77.7%) benign and 110 (91.7%) malignant disease patients who had no pain. Mastalgia was more often associated with benign tumour (57 out of 67 or 85%) than malignant neoplasm (15%). Adenosis was the leading cause of mastalgia (15 of 26 patients). Surgical extirpation of breast tumour achieved total pain relief in 85% of the patients, but adenosis patients were least likely to achieve total pain relief.
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PMID:Mastalgia and breast tumour in Nigerian women. 227 23

Two hundred and three consecutive patients underwent mammography at both public and private facilities. Their patients were asked to complete a questionnaire which recorded their assessments of pain. There was a very low incidence of significant pain (4%). The rate was highest (10.9%) in those with pre-existing breast pain. This compared with a rate of 1.4% in those without pre-existing breast pain. A larger number of premenopausal women suffered from breast pain (69%). Breast pain was particularly common in the week prior to onset of menstruation. Therefore, routine mammography should be scheduled in a pain-free interval and, if possible, the week prior to onset of menstruation should be avoided.
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PMID:Mammography and breast pain. 263 33

We are conducting a study to determine whether risk factors associated with specific pathologic subtypes of benign breast disease (BBD) are similar to those for breast cancer and to evaluate the relationship between clinical and mammographic features of BBD. All women participating in the Canadian National Study of Breast Cancer Screening in Vancouver, B.C., Canada (expected 10,000) are invited to complete a questionnaire designed to gather clinical and epidemiologic information on BBD. Preliminary analysis of the first 736 participants indicates that breast pain and/or tenderness is a significant problem which in its severe from is distressing, anxiety provoking, and adversely affecting quality of life. Breast pain and tenderness is also associated with an increased frequency of clinical signs of BBD and of dense mammographic patterns.
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PMID:Study of benign breast disease in a population screened for breast cancer. 373 Nov 90

258 patients with breast pain were restudied 2 to 7 years after initial assessment in a special mastalgia clinic. Pain persisted at follow-up in 65% of patients. Mastalgia was cyclical in two-thirds. Mean duration of pain in patients experiencing complete relief before follow-up examination was 6.8 years, while duration of pain persisting at follow-up ranged from 2 to 30 years. In patients who had relief or substantial improvement in pain, the improvement was spontaneous in 22% and resulted from a hormonally related event--menopause, pregnancy, or use of oral contraceptives--in the remainder. Onset of cyclical pain before the age of 20 years was followed by a prolonged course. A quarter of the patients had non-cyclical pain. There were two populations of patients in this group. One experienced relief after a mean of 3 years, and in the other pain still persisted after 2-22 years. Relief was spontaneous in one half, and rarely followed a hormonally related event. About 70% of the patients, with both cyclical and non-cyclical pain, considered that their pain had warranted active treatment. This study indicates that the type of pain and age at onset may allow some prediction of the course of the disease and may aid the choice of therapy.
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PMID:Natural history of breast pain. 613 8

Breast pain or mastalgia is a frequent complaint and it may represent various pathological conditions. After a thorough evaluation and reassurance of the patients, only those whose symptoms are severe enough to alter their life-style still require therapy. In some cases it will be indicated to modify or to stop an oral contraception or to adapt a hormone replacement therapy. Those women still resistant to treatment may experience relief from evening primrose oil supplements, bromocriptine, danazol, some progestins, tamoxifen or GnRH analogues. Therapy of non cyclic breast pain is made according to the underlying pathology. If no substrate is present, treatment is the same as for cyclical mastalgia but the response is diminished.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and treatment of mastodynia]. 777 Jun 85

Mastalgia is a common but often poorly understood condition with little Australian data available on the subject. Details are presented of 170 patients who have attended a specific mastalgia clinic at the Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, over a 3 year period. The aims and management protocol of the clinic are outlined. The mastalgia sufferer in this study had an average age of 42 years and 87% were multiparous. Cyclical pain occurred in 59% as determined by a daily pain record chart. Unilateral pain occurred in 38%. Lack of previous breast feeding and low levels of regular physical exercise were identified as two significant factors in the history of those attending the clinic. The responses to treatments are outlined. Response rates of 18 and 26% to two commonly used 'natural products', Vitamin B6 and Evening Primrose Oil, respectively, are considered little better than placebo effect. A complete response was achieved in 67% of women who took low dose danazol with minimal side effects. The overall response rate to all treatments was 65% with a mean follow up of 15.5 months for those women who continued to attend the clinic. For women with mastalgia, a systematic approach can achieve relief of pain.
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PMID:Mastalgia: a 3 year Australian study. 817 29

The association between the clinical manifestations of benign breast disease (BBD) and mammographic patterns was investigated among 1394 women (923 pre-menopausal and 471 post-menopausal) participating to the Canadian National Breast Screening Study in Vancouver, who completed a questionnaire designed to collect detailed information on the symptoms and signs of BBD, hormonal, reproductive and dietary factors. Mastalgia was present in 637 (46%) women and was cyclical in 505 (79%). Breast swelling was noted in 331 women (23%) and mammary dysplasia involving 50% or more of the breast parenchyma in 733 (43%). Mastalgia was highly associated with breast swelling (odds ratios [OR] = 29.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 21.3-41.8), particularly when cyclical and characterized by tenderness with pain (OR = 58.4, 95% CI = 39.1-87.0). The relative risk for mammary dysplasia involving 50% or over of the breast parenchyma was significant in pre-menopausal women having breast swelling (OR = 2.96, 95% CI = 1.81-4.83), being highest in women with cyclical mastalgia associated with tenderness and pain (OR = 3.43, 95% CI = 1.49-7.92); similar associations were noted in post-menopausal women. This study indicates that mastalgia is strongly related to breast swelling, especially when tenderness is associated with pain. Furthermore, mastalgia associated with breast swelling is highly related to the presence of mammary dysplasia involving 50% or more of the breast parenchyma in both pre- and post-menopausal women, suggesting that cyclical tenderness and breast swelling may carry an increased breast cancer risk.
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PMID:Clinical determinants of mammographic dysplasia patterns. 893 47


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