Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

193 women were fitted with a progesterone-releasing IUD (Progestasert) and followed for a total of 1823 woman-months (minimum 1 year use); 108 were nulliparous and 84 parous. Patients were examined at 1, 6, and 12 months and were interviewed to assess length of cycle, duration of flow, amount of flow, pain associated with menstruation, and intermenstrual bleeding and pain. Endometrial biopsies were performed on 45 patients and serum estrogens and progesterone measurements were made. There were .5 pregnancies/100 woman-years during the first 12 months of use. Overall expulsion rate was 7.4/100 woman-years; 4.8 and 10.7 corresponding to nulliparous and parous, respectively. 77% of expulsions occurred within 1 month of insertion. Intermenstrual bleeding occurred in small amounts and during the first 2 months of use. Menstrual flow and dysmenorrhea were significantly reduced. The overall continuation rate was 76.0 + or -3.2. Normal ovulatory function continued after insertion. Endometrial biopsies demonstrated glandular atrophy and decidual reaction after 12 months use.
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PMID:Effects of the Progestasert on the menstrual pattern, ovarian steroids and endometrium. 92 52

An analysis is presented of a study of the Copper-T 200 (CuT 200) IUD at the Barros Luco Hospital in Santiago, Chile over the August 16, 1976 June 30, 1978 period. 1142 IUDs were inserted in postpartum women, the majority of whom (96.1%) received their IUDs within 72 hours of giving birth. Data were recorded on standard forms designed to obtain demographic and medical information and were processed by the International Fertility Research Program (IFRP). The CuT 200 used in this study consisted of a plastic T-shaped device with 200 sq mm of copper wire wound around the vertical arm. The mean age of women in this study was 24.0 years; the mean number of live births was 2.4 57 (5.0%) of the women reported having had 1 or more induced abortions. There was no previous incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) reported by the patients, and none of them showed evidence of inflammation/infection of the genital organs at the time of insertion. There were no complications or complaints reported for women at insertion. There were no complications or complaints reported for women at insertion. 945 (82.7%) patients returned for 1 or more follow-up visits. Cervical perforation was found at follow-up in 2 (0.2%) women, and 9 (0.7%) women were hospitalized during the study period. From this latter group, women were hospitalized because of retained placentas and 2 women because of a perineotomy infection. 4 women were hospitalized for endometritis and 1 for the spontaneous abortion of a pregnancy conceived with the IUD in situ. 158 (13.8%) women were diagnosed as having 1 or more incidents of inflammation/infection. Included among these were 19 (1.7%) cases of adnexitis and 20 (1.8%) cases of endometritis. Dysmenorrhea was reported by 23.7% of the women. Intermenstrual bleeding/pain was reported by 297 (20.0%) of the women and 113 (9.9%) reported intermenstrual spotting. The continuation rate after 1 year was 55.5. The 3 month termination rates were 0.3 for accidental pregnancy, 32.1 for expulsion/displacement, 0.2 for bleeding/pain, and 1.3 for other medical reasons. Most expulsions occurred within 1 month postinsertion. 372 (32.6%) women who received CuT 200s in this study expelled them; 370 of them received a replacement IUD. 349 received a 2nd CuT 200 and 21 received Lippes Loop IUDs. 92.8% of the women who received replacement CuT 200s returned for follow-up and were diagnosed as having 1 or more infections. 19 of the women who expelled their 1st CuT and received a replacement also expelled their 2nd device and had a 3rd CuT 200 inserted. No complications or complaints were reported at insertion for this group. At follow-up 4 women were diagnosed with trichmonas and 1 with an unspecified inflammation/infection. 7 women expelled their IUDs and 1 woman had her IUD removed for other personal reasons.
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PMID:Preliminary report on a postpartum CuT 200 study, Santiago, Chile. 613 98

This study describes a clinical evaluation of the Progesterone T IUD which releases a daily dose of 65 mcg of progesterone. The device is made of a copolymer of ethylene vinyl and has a transversal arm measuring 3.18 cm and a longitudinal arm 3.61 cm. The longitudinal arm contains 38 mg of natural progesterone, Barium sulfate, and silicone acetate. 146 new users of the Progesterone T were compared with 149 using the Copper 7 Gravigarde. Patients in both groups ranged in age from 17-40 years with an average of 27.2 for Progesterone T and 27.1 for Copper 7 users. Parity ranged from 1-11 with an average of 2.8 for the Progesterone T group and from 1-10 with an average of 2.7 for the Copper 7 group. The average number of spontaneous abortions was .7 for the Progesterone T group and .5 for the Copper 7 group. The groups were also comparable in previous contraceptive usage. In another study, 51 Lippes Loop D users, 52 Progesterone T users, and 50 Copper 7 users were evaluated for menstrual and intermenstrual blood loss in the 3 months prior to and the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 9th, and 12th months after insertion. At the end of 12 months, the Progesterone T and Copper 7 users respectively had pregnancy rates of 1.4 and 1.5, expulsion rates of 4.2 and 5.8, rates of removal for medical reasons of 2.8 and 3.0, and continuation rates of 87.2 and 84.6. After 1569 women-months of Progesterone T use and 1558 of Copper 7 use there were no statistically significant differences. With the Progesterone T there was 1 removal for pain, 1 for pelvic inflammation, and 2 for menstrual alterations. 4 Copper 7s were removed for bleeding. The average duration of menstrual bleeding was 6.0 days with the Progesterone T and 6.2 with the Copper 7. The number of days of true bleeding were 4.8 on average for the Progesterone T and 5.3 for the Copper 7. Intermenstrual bleeding was twice as common for the Progesterone T. There was no statistically significant difference in incidence of pain reported by the 2 groups at the beginning and end of the study. Both groups had a decline in pain at the end of the study, with the Progesterone T having a slightly more pronounced decline. The average volume of menstrual blood loss increased by 87.8% after insertion of the Lippes Loop D and by 24.3% with the Copper 7 but declined by 44.5% for the Progesterone T.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of the progesterone T intrauterine device]. 676 70

To correlate the position and orientation of different models of MLCu IUDs in utero with incidence of side effects, 35 married, nonlactating, and sexually active women, 18-24 years of age and with regular menstrual periods were studied. All had been pregnant at least once and had had at least 3 menstrual periods after the last delivery or 2 periods after the last abortion. A physical and gynecological examination was performed. The women were divided into 4 groups: 30 women (3 groups of 10 patients) were fitted with standard MLCu 250, short MLCu 250, and MLCu 375 IUDs. The 4th group consisted of 5 women in whom MLCu 250 mini was inserted. Menstrual blood loss collected in cotton pads of constant weight provided by the investigator. The women were carefully instructed on how to collect their menstrual blood, and polyethylene bags were supplied to them. Menstrual blood loss was calculated. Follow-up visits were planned at monthly intervals, and questions about side effects were asked. In 30 women hysterography was done twice. Initially, it was performed following the 1st postinsertion menstruation. A 2nd hysterogram was performed following the 3rd postinsertion menstruation. The IUD was properly oriented in utero in 20 cases (67%). These were fitted with short MLCu 250 (8 cases), MLCu 375 (6 cases), Standard MLCu 250 (4 cases), and mini MLCu 250 (2 cases). The other 2 patients had small uterine cavities fitted with mini devices. Device displacement was noted in 10 cases among those fitted with MLCu 250, Standard (2 cases), MLCu 250 mini (3 cases), MLCu 375 (2 cases). Subjective increased menstrual blood loss was reported in 11 cases. There was no significant difference between pre- and postinsertion menstrual blood loss. Intermenstrual bleeding was reported in 3 cases, 1 fitted with a short MLCu 250 and 2 cases fitted with MLCu 375. Hysterographically the device was properly oriented in 2 cases with a large uterus. 5 cases had a moderate degree of dysmenorrhea, 1 case fitted with short MLCu 250, 3 cases with standard MLCu 250, and 1 case with MLCu 375. Hysterographically the device was displaced in utero in 2 cases, and most of the cases had a large size uterus. All these patients experienced no dysmenorrhea prior to IUD insertion. Moderate deep seated pelvic pain and low abdominal cramps were experienced in 3 cases, a case in each group of those fitted with different models of MLCu 250. Pain was not reported in patients fitted with MLCu 375.
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PMID:Hysterographic orientation of IUDs in relation to menstrual blood loss. 1226 65

As part of a wider evaluation of the Multiload Copper 250 IUD, bleeding patterns were studied longitudinally during the 1st year following insertion in 150 women. The women were menstruating regularly and had not been pregnant or on hormone or intrauterine contraception in the preceding 2 months. Detailed counseling was given, including instruction on collection of menstrual data. The mean age of the patients was 28 years (19-35) and mean parity was 2-3; none was nulliparous. 12 subjects could not be contacted after insertion and were not considered further. At 12 months, there were 11 terminations: pain and/or bleeding, 2; other medical reasons, 1; accidental pregnancy, 1; planning pregnancy, 5f other personal reasons, 1; and lost to follow-up, 1. Following device insertion menstrual duration was initially increased, followed by a fall to levels which were not significantly different from preinsertion values after about 6-9 months of use. Similar trends were noted when menstrual bleeding and spotting were separately analyzed. The mean number of bleeding days decreased from 4.5 during the first 90 days to 4.2 and then 3.9, respectively, in the last 2 segments; the corresponding figures for menstrual spotting were 3.5, 2.8, 2.7, and 2.8 days. Intermenstrual bleeding and spotting were common after insertion but their frequency rapidly decreased with time. To a large extent, bleeding disturbances determine IUD acceptability. Thus, its perceived improvement would tend to encourage continued use and suggests that the potential risk of anemia in longterm users need not necessarily be serious.
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PMID:Menstrual flow duration and spotting following Multiload Copper 250 intra-uterine device insertion. 1227 48

Between the fall of 1991 and the fall of 1992, 1500 physicians from throughout France followed 5989 women, 13-56 years old, using the combined oral contraceptive (OC) Moneva (30 mcg ethinyl estradiol and 75 mcg of the new generation progestogen, gestodene) for 3-6 months for a total of 29,000 cycles. Moneva was prescribed in 60% of the cases because the women did not tolerate a previous OC. Moneva effectively prevented pregnancy. It reduced the rate of abnormal cycles (5.4% of cycles vs. 0.9% at 3 months and 0.6% at 6 months). Intermenstrual bleeding also decreased in frequency from 13.8% to 6.1% at 6 months. Amenorrhea occurred less often with Moneva (2.8% vs. 1.1% at 3 and 6 months). Moneva also reduced the length of the menstrual period (20.7% of women with long period vs. 3.3% at 6 months) and excessive menstruation (1.4% vs. 0.2% at 6 months). Pain during menstruation, breast tenderness, and secondary effects occurred less frequently as well (37.1% vs. 13.5% at 3 months and 9/7% at 6 months, 13% vs. 7.9% at 6 months, and 15.1% vs. 11.1% at 3 months and 9% at 6 months, respectively). Secondary effects included headaches, nausea, and heavy legs. Moneva did not affect body weight or arterial blood pressure. 95% of women who took Moneva for 6 months were satisfied with it. 83.8% said that they would continue to use it. In conclusion, Moneva is an effective, safe, tolerable, and acceptable OC for women of all ages.
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PMID:[Oral contraception with Moneva: findings of a cohort study of 6000 women]. 1231 72