Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primary dysmenorrhea is a difficult entity to treat, and therapy is usually directed at relieving symptoms. There is some indication that this disorder is caused by an increase in prostaglandin F2alpha. Therefore, logically the treatment may include antiprostaglandin agents. We have studied 32 women with the diagnosis of primary dysmenorrhea in a randomized double-blind fashion using a placebo and indomethacin. Both agents were taken three times a day over four cycles, and therapy was begun two days before the usual onset of pelvic pain. Only two of 16 patients in the placebo group were significantly improved in the four-month treatment cycles while all 16 in the treatment group showed some improvement, 11 having cessation of pain. In the six months following the study period, all patients were given indomethacin. The original treatment group did not change significantly. However, all in the placebo group when switched to indomethacin had some relief, 12 of the 16 showing complete cessation of pain. Gastric irritation was the main side effect and was present in 18% of the treatment group and 12% in the placebo group. Indomethacin appears to effectively relieve primary dysmenorrhea and does not appear to be associated with a high incidence of side effects.
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PMID:Primary dysmenorrhea treated with indomethacin. 37 24

A number of drugs are available that act fairly specifically as "mild" analgesics, although this description by no means implies that their clinical effectiveness is limited to the relief of slight pain and trivial disability. They are effective by mouth and their action is mediated peripherally. Among the possible mechanisms of action, the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis is currently regarded as most likely to be relevant. Some centrally acting drugs of the narcotic analgesic type, such as codeine and dextropropoxyphene are effective orally; they are usable in the same way as other mild analgesics and may be preferable for some types of pain. Many problems arise in the assessment and comparison of mild analgesics, both experimentally and clinically. Subjective assessments may be made on a pain scale by the patient himself, or by a trained observer. Individual variations are all-important, and the limitations of controlled trials need to be remembered. Alternative drugs and mixtures have little advantage over aspirin, but specific drug tolerance, in the long term, varies from patient to patient. Gastric irritation is most likely to occur with aspirin in the presence of chronic dyspepsia or acute precipitating causes such as alchoholic gastritis. Allergy also occurs in some susceptible individuals. The risk of renal damage with phenacetin is increasingly appreciated, and the possibility of hepatic damage from paracetamol is now recognised. Other side-effects and interactions are summarized in the review, and some notes are given on therapeutic and non-therapeutic use.
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PMID:Simple analgesics. 110

RS-37619 showed highly potent analgesic activity when given p.o. in tests utilizing underlying inflammation. It inhibited phenylquinone-induced writhing in the mouse and rat (350 and 180 x aspirin respectively) and the pain induced by flexing the adjuvant-inflamed rat paw (approximately 800 x aspirin). The agent increased the pain threshold of compressed yeast-inflamed rat paws (3-10 x naproxen). RS-37619 did not increase the pain threshold of the non-inflamed paw and was inactive in the mouse hot plate test; therefore it is probably not a centrally acting or morphine-like agent. RS-37619 was also highly active p.o. in rat models of acute and chronic inflammation. It inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema (36 x phenylbutazone), cotton pellet-induced granuloma (less than or equal to 1 x indomethacin) and in an 18-day test, prevented the development of adjuvant-induced arthritis (approximately 2 x naproxen). RS-37619 exhibited antiphlogistic activity in adrenalectomized rats. It did not have corticosteroid activity. When given p.o., RS-37619 lowered yeast-induced pyrexia (20 x aspirin). Gastrointestinal irritation was seen in the rat with doses greater than or equal to 6.4 mg/kg/day p.o. The agent elicited mild CNS and cardiovascular activity only at doses far in excess of those required for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity.
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PMID:The analgesic and anti-inflammatory profile of (+/-)-5-benzoyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[1,2a]pyrrole-1-carboxylic acid (RS-37619). 698 94

Osteoarthritis is a chronic, painful condition that is now recognised as affecting a large proportion of cats. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have proven efficacy in dogs and humans but there are limited published data on the use of NSAIDs in the long-term management of this condition in cats. This prospective study aimed to assess the long-term safety and palatability of oral meloxicam and its efficacy in treating osteoarthritic pain in cats when given at a dose of 0.01-0.03 mg/kg once daily. Forty cats diagnosed with osteoarthritis completed the trial with a mean treatment duration of 5.8 months. Gastrointestinal upset in 2/46 (4%) cats was the only adverse effect noted. No deleterious effect on renal function was detected in cats studied. Owners subjectively assessed treatment efficacy as good or excellent in 34/40 (85%) of cases. The results of this study showed oral meloxicam to be safe and palatable long-term treatment for osteoarthritis in cats when given with food at a dose of 0.01-0.03 mg/kg.
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PMID:Long-term safety, efficacy and palatability of oral meloxicam at 0.01-0.03 mg/kg for treatment of osteoarthritic pain in cats. 1844 Feb 63