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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Spinal nerve block by intrathecal phenol-glycerine infusion is commonly employed for relief of severe pain in terminal carcinomatosis and, frequently, a dramatic regional anesthetic effect is achieved. However, nerve block by this procedure may in very rare instances give rise to serious complications. We have seen a case of terminal malignant melanoma in which clinical manifestations, indicative of anterior spinal artery syndrome, developed following the injection of 0.3 ml of 10% phenol-glycerine into the cervical subarachnoid space at the C4--C5 level for the control of severe right arm pain. This report describes the clinical course of the patient over a period of 4 months after the nerve block and the post-mortem findings along with a brief review of the literature.
Pain 1979 Feb
PMID:Anterior spinal artery syndrome--a complication of cervical intrathecal phenol injection. 8 89

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of brief, intense transcutaneous electrical stimulations at trigger points or acupuncture points on severe clinical pain. The McGill Pain Questionnaire was used to measure the change in pain quality and intensity produced by stimulation. The data indicate that the procedure provides a powerful method for the control of some forms of severe pathological pain. The average pain decrease during stimulation sessions was 75% for pain due to peripheral nerve injury, 66% for phantom limb pain, 62% for shoulder-arm pain, and 60% for low-back pain. The duration of relief frequently outlasted the period of stimulation by several hours, occasionally for days or weeks. Different patterns of the amount and duration of pain relief were observed. Daily stimulation carried out at home by the patient sometimes provided gradually increasing relief over periods of weeks or months. Control experiments, which included two forms of placebo stimulation, showed that brief, intense electrical stimulation is significantly more effective than placebo contributions. Possible neural mechanisms that underlie these patterns of pain relief by brief, intense stimulation are discussed.
Pain 1975 Dec
PMID:Prolonged relief of pain by brief, intense transcutaneous somatic stimulation. 14 44

Thirty-three patients who had undergone anterior cervical fusion for degenerative disc disease were reviewed to determine the efficacy of the procedure. Only patients who were available for examination and who had undergone operation at least one year previously were included in the review. Nearly all had had arm pain and three-quarters neck pain. Diminished neck movement and neurological abnormalities in the arms had been frequent findings. Diagnosis from the clinical features and plain radiographs is described. Myelography was not used routinely and discography was not used at all. Indications for operation and surgical technique are described. Results show that pain in the neck and arm was relieved in a high proportion of cases and that the neurological abnormalities often recovered. It is concluded that this operation is safe and has a definite place in the relief of pain from cervical disc degeneration resistant to conservative treatment.
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PMID:Anterior cervical fusion. A review of thirty-three patients with cervical disc degeneration. 32 91

The authors -- about a series of 124 cancerous patients treated during the 12 last years with open spino-thalamic cordotomy for intractable pain -- have tried to evaluate effectiveness of the operation with regard to its levels in relation to the site of pain. Patients suffering median or bilateral perineo-pelvic pain, isolated or associated with algias in one or both legs (group I: 50%) underwent a bilateral C8-C6 cordotomy in one stage. Patients with the same perineo-pelvic cancers but suffering only unilateral pain (group II : 31,8%) and patients with painful cancers in the leg (group III : 3,2%), were operated on with a C7 controlateral cordotomy. Patients suffering widespread unilateral pain in the chest, isolated or associated with algias in the arm, for instance from lung or breast cancers (group IV : 15%) underwent a controlateral C2 cordotomy. There was 3,2% mortality and one paraplegia. A useful early effect(i.e. complete or partial relief) was obtained : in 85% cases (60% and 25%) for the 1st group, in only 51% (36% and 15%) for the 2nd, and in 87% (56% and 31%) for the 4th. Relief was complete in each of the 4 cases of the 3rd group. In the 2nd group 39% of patients were completely relieved of their initial unilateral pain, but complained of an early post-operative pain on the other side. This secondary pain was supposed existing prior to the operation, but masked because of its lesser intensity. The useful results at the time of death, after a 6 month mean survival (from 1 month to 4 years), were 63,75% in the 1st group, 33% in the 2nd, 100% in the 3rd and 72% in the 4th. The high rate of poor results with unilateral cervical cordotomy in the perineo-pelvic cancers with apparently unilateral pain, led us since then to systematically perform for them a bilateral cordotomy. Thus, our general management for pain of malignant origin is now as follows: C8-C6 bilateral cordotomy for all the perineo-pelvic cancers whatever uni- or bilateral the site of pain may be; C7 controlateral cordotomy for the painful cancers of the leg; and C2 controlateral cordotomy for hemithoracic and/or arm pain, when related to very extended lung or breast cancers. We prefer complete posterior rhizotomy for limited cancers of the thoracic wall, and selective posterior rhizotomy through the scope, from -- the brachial plexus roots down to T4 -- for pain as from the PANCOAST-TOBIAS syndromes, or in case of painful involvements of the upper limb roots. For cervico-facial cancers we generally use combined sections of the sensory cranial nerves in the posterior fossa and of the cervical posterior roots.
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PMID:[Spino-thalamic cordotomy in cancerous pain. Results of a series of 124 patients operated on by the direct posterior approach]. 107 Nov 36

Refractory cervicobrachial pain (RCBP) is a common syndrome of uncertain pathogenesis, frequently seen in an occupational context. It is characterised by widespread neck, shoulder girdle and arm pain, often of dysaesthetic quality including burning, associated with paraesthesiae, impaired perception of touch, allodynia, hyperalgesia and hyperpathia. Despite these clinical features, the syndrome has not attracted investigation with other than standard neurophysiological tests. Electrocutaneous electrical stimulation (ECS), following a well-described and validated method, was chosen as a tool to investigate the nociceptive status in RCBP. A commercially available calibrate transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) machine was used to determine perception threshold and pain tolerance with respect to the amplitude of current and duration of pulse. Fifteen patients with typical RCBP and ten normal volunteers were studied. The response profiles obtained were reproducible over time in both patients and controls and were able clearly to distinguish between affected and non-affected limbs. The perception threshold and pain tolerance in the unaffected limbs of patients did not differ from those in normal subjects. In the affected limbs there was reduction in pain tolerance, invariably accompanied by spread of sensation and persistence of dysaesthesiae, both induced by ECS. These results define the limbs affected by RCBP as regions of secondary hyperalgesia at the clinical level. It is suggested that neural dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of RCBP, although a confident distinction between peripheral and central processes cannot be made on the basis of these findings, which call for further investigation.
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PMID:Unusual responses to electrocutaneous stimulation in refractory cervicobrachial pain: clues to a neuropathic pathogenesis. 145 99

Pain is a frequent presenting symptom of spinal cord tumors in children and usually manifests as local spinal pain in the bony segments overlying the tumor. Two pediatric patients are presented in whom the diagnosis of intramedullary spinal cord tumors was delayed for many months because their pain was atypical. One had recurrent abdominal pain diagnosed as irritable bowel syndrome. The other had very abrupt paroxysmal but infrequent attacks of arm pain and no neurologic abnormalities. Possible mechanisms of their pain, as well as the other features that might have suggested the diagnosis, are discussed.
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PMID:Atypical presentations of spinal cord tumors in children. 146 42

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surgical results of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion using a countersunk interlocking autogenous iliac bone graft. Two hundred thirty-two patients were followed for an average of 6.8 years. All patients suffered neck and arm pain. Two hundred twenty patients received conservative treatment for at least six months. Overall results were satisfactory in 202 patients (87%) and unsatisfactory in 30 patients (13%). The pseudoarthrosis rate was 6.5% which is significantly lower than previous reports. The premise of this technique is that the interlocking graft prevents migration, promotes fusion by providing immobilization, and restores the height of the interspace. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, using a countersunk interlocking autogenous iliac bone graft, is a satisfactory surgical procedure in which successful pain relief is to be expected.
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PMID:Surgical results in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion using a countersunk interlocking autogenous iliac bone graft. 150 67

Acupuncture is widely used for pain relief in many musculoskeletal disorders, and evidence suggests that modulation of the sympathetic nervous system responses which play an integral part in somatic pain, is an important mechanism of acupuncture action. This prospective study of 20 patients with neck and arm pain measured finger temperature, controlled by somatic sympathetic vasomotor activity before and after needle acupuncture. Responses were correlated with visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain severity. An association was found between pain relief and reduced sympathetic vasomotor activity. In 10 patients with significant reduction in visual analogue scale (VAS) pain (p less than .05), the mean change in temperature (delta t degrees C) was 0.55 (SD +/- 0.86) with significant difference in pre to post treatment temperatures (p less than .01). In 10 patients without significant pain relief on VAS scoring (p greater than .05), the mean t degrees C was 0.20 (SD +0.72) without significant difference in pre to post treatment temperatures (p greater than .05). The relevance of somatic sympathetic influences on musculoskeletal pain and modulation of sympathetic activity by acupuncture will be discussed.
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PMID:Somatic sympathetic vasomotor changes documented by medical thermographic imaging during acupuncture analgesia. 158 20

In the mid-1980s, use-related arm pain was recognized as a major issue for worker health and workplace safety. National policy targeted these "cumulative trauma disorders," "overuse syndromes," and "motion illnesses" for a "special emphasis program" by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, a federal regulatory agency. The program begins with case recognition to identify the responsible ergonomic hazards with the goal of mandating ergonomic remedies. This report is a small area analysis of the impact of this process on the US West Communications, Inc work force. US West employs some 55,000 workers in 14 states. Commencing in the mid-1980s, workers in four of these states complained of upper extremity pain and were diagnosed as suffering from conditions encompassed by the "cumulative trauma disorders" rubric. The incidence was tenfold higher in one task category, directory assistance operators. No ergonomic descriptor can account for the four endemics of arm pain in directory assistance operators. The response of the medical communities to the plight of these injured claimants varied considerably from community to community. Denver represents one extreme where the clinical judgments led to multiple surgical interventions, generated a total direct cost of some $1.5 million, and left many permanently disabled workers in their wake. This analysis raises many reservations about the validity of the "cumulative trauma disorder" hypothesis and provides an object lesson in the potential for untoward outcomes from the premature introduction of clinical hypotheses into the arena of health policy.
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PMID:Arm pain in the workplace. A small area analysis. 793 34

Twenty-five writer's cramp patients have been attending the Movement Disorder Clinic at the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok during three years period (between January 1988 - January 1991). There were 17 male subjects and the male to female sex ratio was 2.125:1. The mean age of the patient was 36.80 (SD 10.21) years with the range of 18-60 years. The mean duration of illness of all patients was 5.88 (SD 7.14) years with the range of 1 to 30 years. Eighteen patients (72.0%) were classified as simple writer's cramp and seven patients (28.0%) were dystonic writer's cramp. The mean age of the patients of both groups was not different while the duration of illness in the dystonic group was statistically significantly longer than the simple group, i.e. 12.0 (SD 12.1) versus 3.9 (SD 3.1) years. Fourteen patients (56%) had associated pain during writing and 6 patients (24%) had hand tremor. All patients were right handed and had a history of various pharmacological treatments without any consistent benefit. They included muscle relaxants, tranquillisers, antiepileptic drugs, and betablockers. Fourteen patients from 17 available history records (82.4%) had been spending at least 4-10 hours writing each day. Twenty-one patients (84%) had botulinum toxin injections, 40-80 international mouse units were given in 2-4 divided doses over the overactive forearm muscles observed during writing without the electromyographic glidance. There was no loss to the follow-up. Fourteen of the 21 subjects (66.7%) showed definite improvement in hand writing, 4 patients (19.0%) improved minimally and 3 patients (14.3%) revealed no improvement. Arm pain in all 12 patients associated during writing was abolished after the injections. There were complications in 7 patients (33.3%) presented as transient finger drop (5 patients, 23.8%) and easily fatigued arm (2 patients, 9.5%). These preliminary results confirm that botulinum toxin injections is a successful treatment for many patients with writer's cramp without performing complex electromyographic recordings while the patients are writing. The constraints of this treatment are its high cost (i.e. 1 vial of 100 units costs 300 US dollars) and its benefit lasts for only 4-6 months.
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PMID:Writer's cramp: the experience with botulinum toxin injections in 25 patients. 178 71


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