Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical trials are under way to investigate the optimal use of nafarelin. In one series of studies, the effect of nasal mucosal inflammation and the concomitant use of nasal decongestants on the nasal absorption of nafarelin was evaluated in women with perennial rhinitis. Neither rhinitis nor concomitant therapy with a long-acting nasal decongestant substantially affected the nasal absorption of nafarelin. Other clinical studies are investigating strategies for second treatment of endometriosis or to improve the safety profile of nafarelin. In one trial, a second 3-month treatment course with nafarelin in patients with recurrent symptoms of endometriosis provided substantial pain relief. In another trial, preliminary information indicates that the addition of norethindrone to nafarelin in patients with endometriosis attenuates bone density changes and menopausal symptoms associated with nafarelin treatment.
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PMID:Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs: update on new findings. 153 79

About 8000 women a year are sterilized in Denmark, primarily by laparoscopic bipolar electrocoagulation (BE). Various ring and clip techniques are also used in Denmark, while endocoagulation (EC) is the primary operation in West Germany and is used to some extent also in Norway and Sweden. Since laparoscopic sterilization has been associated in many studies with eventual complications, a follow-up study on 98 women who had been sterilized by random BE or EC at Sonderborg Hospital, Denmark, was performed 2 years postoperatively. 97.4% were satisfied with the outcome and 1.3% regretted having been sterilized. About 40% had experienced related pain of some sort. In the EC group[ 40% and in the BE group 60% had experienced changes in menstrual bleeding. 40% of both groups had some form of menopausal symptoms. 2 women in the BE group had intrauterine pregnancies, compared to none in the EC group.
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PMID:[Laparoscopic sterilization. Late sequelae of endocoagulation and bipolar electrocoagulation]. 252 86

A study was carried out to compare the clinical features of 102 subjects suffering from burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and 43 age- and sex-matched control subjects. In comparison with those in the control group, the BMS subjects reported a significantly higher prevalence of dry mouth, thirst, taste and sleep disturbances, headaches, nonspecific health problems, pain complaints, and severe menopausal symptoms, but no significant differences in other oral or dental features or in the prevalence of candidiasis infection. In addition, there was no hematologic evidence of a nutritional disturbance in more than 90% of the BMS subjects tested, but immunologic abnormalities and an elevation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate were found in more than 58% and 63% of the BMS subjects, respectively. These findings demonstrate those features which distinguish BMS subjects from age- and sex-matched control subjects but provide no confirmatory evidence for many of the etiologic factors frequently suggested for BMS.
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PMID:Clinical features of burning mouth syndrome. 346 64

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of menopause on women's quality of life. Women (1171) aged from 45-52 years who work for the French national gas and electricity company volunteered for this study (response rate 75%). They completed a self-administered questionnaire pertaining to general health. Quality of life was measured by the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). Within this group 289 women were postmenopausal. After controlling for age, those women were more likely to show a lower quality of life than women still menstruating for 4 of the 6 sections of the NHP: social isolation (odds ratio 1.4; 95% confidence interval 1.1-1.9), pain, sleep and energy (odds ratios 1.5; 95% confidence intervals 1.1-2.0). Those alterations of quality of life are explained by the climacteric complaints the women report. Those findings suggest that the treatment of menopausal symptoms with medication of proven efficacy may prevent lowering of quality of life due to menopause.
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PMID:Menopause and perceived health status among the women of the French GAZEL cohort. 771 62

A computerised self-assessment instrument was used to capture data on the distress caused by symptoms in 110 patients treated with radical radiotherapy. Patients selected symptoms from a list of 34 problems and then quantified the distress associated with each problem using a linear Analogue self assessment (LASA)-type scale. The test instrument was feasible: 90% of assessments were completed in under 14 min. There was a significant increase in tiredness and significant decrease in anxiety and worries about the family, during treatment. Menopausal symptoms and post-surgical problems were important causes of distress in the patients with breast cancer. When the area under the curve method was used to quantify distress in the patients with breast cancer, difficulty concentrating, pain and sleep disturbances emerged as significantly troublesome problems. Computerised self-assessment may have a useful role in quantifying the distress caused by treatment with radiotherapy.
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PMID:A quantitative approach to the distress caused by symptoms in patients treated with radical radiotherapy. 876 83

This chapter reviews the reproductive actions of phytoestrogens, comparing mechanisms of action, dose-response relationships, and human exposures. Although a wide range of biochemical actions have been reported for phytoestrogens, in vitro tests suggest that phytoestrogens may be more likely to act through receptor-mediated mechanisms than through enzyme inhibition. Epithelial cell proliferation in the reproductive tract and anestrus are well-documented actions of isoflavonoids in experimental studies of animals. However, thus far, soy-based diets have generally failed to produce epithelial proliferation in ovariectomized rats and monkeys or menopausal women, and clinical studies have produced mixed evidence for effects of soy isoflavones on the human menstrual cycle or post-menopausal gonadotropin secretion. There has been considerable interest in the use of phytoestrogens as oestrogen replacement therapy in menopausal women. Reported results of initial clinical trials have been mixed, and it is unclear whether isoflavones in presently advised doses can substantially reduce menopausal symptoms. Some recent trials with oral isoflavone supplements report reductions in hot flushes, vaginal dryness, and breast pain. There is also limited clinical evidence for protective actions of isoflavones in mammary cancer. Like other oestrogenic substances, the isoflavonoids are effective differentiating agents in rodent models of development. The consequences of these actions for humans is of interest due to the high concentrations of isoflavonoids in some infant formulae. Thus, it is likely that some humans may experience greater exposure to phytoestrogens in infancy than in any other lifestage. At the time of writing, no ill effects of such exposure have been reported.
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PMID:Reproductive actions of phytoestrogens. 1038 19

We report here two patients with frozen shoulder syndrome and severe menopausal symptoms. Short-term administration of Kanzo-to extract thawed the shoulders completely enough for the patients to move their cervical and shoulder joints without any restriction or pain. Their menopausal symptoms were cured simultaneously. Kanzo and Shakuyaku were found to have different effects on shoulder stiffness and disability in shoulder joints.
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PMID:Thawing of frozen shoulder in menopausal women treated with a Japanese herbal medicine, Kanzo-to extract: report of two cases. 1075 90

Women diagnosed with breast cancer often experience early menopause secondary to treatment effects, yet physicians may be reluctant to prescribe hormone replacement therapy (HRT) because of the potential increased risk of recurrence. To assess the burden of menopausal symptoms, HRT use, and alternative treatments in recent breast cancer survivors, a population-based, case-control study was conducted among breast cancer survivors and age-matched controls. Wisconsin women 18-69 years old with a new diagnosis of breast cancer 8-11 months prior to interview (n = 110) and control subjects randomly selected from population lists (n = 73) responded to a standardized telephone questionnaire that elicited information on menopausal symptoms, estrogen and alternative therapies (prescription medications, vitamins, herbal preparations, soy products, acupuncture, chiropractic) used to alleviate symptoms. We used multivariate logistic regression to obtain odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for symptoms of menopause, use of estrogen, and use of alternative therapies. Breast cancer survivors were 5.3 (95% CI 2.7-10.2) times more likely to experience symptoms, 25 (95% CI 8.3-100) times less likely to use estrogen, and 7.4 (95% CI 2.5-21.9) times more likely to use alternatives than controls. Soy, vitamin E, and herbal remedies were the most common alternative therapies reported by participants; use was greater in cases compared to controls. Most soy users reported increasing soy products specifically to reduce the chances of a diagnosis of recurrent breast cancer. Among cases, tamoxifen users (n = 62) reported a higher prevalence of symptoms and a higher prevalence of alternative treatments. This is the first population-based survey of menopausal symptoms and treatments that compares breast cancer cases with disease-free controls. Cases are both more likely to experience menopausal symptoms and less likely to use HRT than controls. Instead, cases treat menopausal symptoms with vitamin E and soy products, even though the safety and efficacy of these therapies are unproven. The increased use of soy products in this population has not been previously documented.
J Pain Symptom Manage 2002 Jun
PMID:Prevalence and treatment of menopausal symptoms among breast cancer survivors. 1206 74

The aim of this literature review was to evaluate the prevalence and course of fatigue in patients with breast cancer undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy and to examine factors relating to fatigue. Fatigue is one of the most common side effects of chemotherapy. High and fluctuating prevalence rates of fatigue have been found not only during but also after adjuvant chemotherapy. The intensity of fatigue seems to be stable throughout the treatment cycles, despite the common perception that more chemotherapy treatments lead to greater fatigue. The first two days after a chemotherapy treatment seem to be the worst period. The influence of factors such as pain, impaired quality of sleep, and depression are be highly consistent across several studies, although it is often not clear whether it is the symptoms that cause the fatigue or vice versa. The outcomes of the studies indicate that several symptoms are interrelated in a network of symptoms. Factors such as changes in weight, menopausal symptoms, coping, social support, and biochemical changes have been mentioned in the literature as potentially contributing to fatigue. Results have been conflicting and need further study.
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PMID:Fatigue in patients with breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy: a review of the literature. 1218 97

(1) Many oral and transdermal (patch and gel) estradiol preparations are already available for controlling menopausal symptoms due to oestrogen deficiency. (2) Marketing authorization has now been granted in Europe for an intranasal delivery system, which produces a high, brief plasma estradiol peak. (3) According to two clinical trials, the symptomatic effects of 300 micrograms of estradiol daily by the intranasal route is similar to that of 50 micrograms /day transdermally (unblinded trial) and 2 mg/day orally (double-blind trial). (4) The most frequent side effects are intranasal reactions (in approximately 50% of patients), breast pain (30-40% of patients), and metrorrhagia (approximately 7% of cycles). (5) The long-term consequences of such high plasma estradiol peaks, including the risk of breast cancer, are unknown. (6) Intranasal estradiol is not reimbursed in France, unlike other oestrogen preparations for use in menopausal women. (7) In practice, oral and transdermal delivery systems, with which we have lengthy experience, are adequate for relieving menopausal symptoms. The intranasal route offers no proven advantage, and its long-term risks are unknown.
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PMID:Intranasal estradiol: new formulation. Intranasal oestrogen delivery system: just a gimmick. 1246 92


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