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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intensively kept farm animals often show behavioural disturbances; some of these disturbances will cause pain (injurious behaviour), others will reflect pain (limping, colic). Also, the very common stereotypies are associated with pain. These stereotypies are characterized by their constant form and senseless repetitions. Stereotypies of tethered sows would appear to be specifically related with endorphins; they may act as agents promoting the release of endorphins and thereby calming the animal. This tranquilizing and protective function of stereotypies may play a role in veal calves showing abomasal injury. It was found that those calves that displayed most stereotypies had the least abomasal damage. Finally, a model is described, which makes it clear why emotions are essential in the behaviour of man and animals.
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PMID:[Behavioral disorders in animals of stock farms]. 403 61

The visceral analgesic, cardiorespiratory, and behavioral effects induced by xylazine, butorphanol, meperidine, and pentazocine were determined in 9 adult horses with colic. Colic was produced by inflating a balloon in the horses' cecum. Heart rate, respiratory rate, mean arterial blood pressure, and cardiac output increased after cecal balloon inflation. Xylazine and butorphanol decreased the hemodynamic response to cecal balloon inflation. Meperidine and pentazocine had minimal effects on the cardiorespiratory changes induced by cecal balloon inflation. Xylazine produced the most pronounced visceral analgesia. The duration of visceral analgesia was longest with xylazine (approx 90 minutes) followed by butorphanol (approx 60 min) and then by meperidine and pentazocine (approx 30 to 35 min). Accurate assessment of the effects of visceral analgesics is dependent upon the use of objective tests to evaluate pain.
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PMID:Visceral analgesia: effects of xylazine, butorphanol, meperidine, and pentazocine in horses. 406 10

Four males with ectopic ureteral opening are reported herein. Case 1 was a 17 year old who complained of miction pain and macroscopic hematuria. Cystoscopy and radiological examinations showed left ectopic ureteral opening into the seminal vesicle associated with left renal agenesis. The left ureter and seminal vesicle were extirpated. Case 2 was a 21 year old who complained of lower abdominal pain. On physical examination, a child's head sized mass was palpable in the midline of the lower abdomen. Operation was performed under diagnosis of intrapelvic tumor, but the mass was cystic dilatation of left ureter which opened into the seminal vesicle. Case 3 was a 19 year old who complained of right CVA colic pain. On cystoscopy, the right ureteral orifice was absent. During the operation, right ureter was found to open into the posterior urethra. Case 4 was a 57 year old who complained of fever. Plain X-ray on the pelvic cavity showed a 82 X 10 mm calcified shadow. CT revealed a right ectopic ureteral opening into the posterior urethra with a ureteral stone in it. On cystoscopy, the right ureteral orifice was identified and pus discharge was observed to flow out of it. Operative exploration demonstrated that the right ureter was inverted Y duplication; one opened into the posterior urethra and the other into the trigone. Seventy nine males with ectopic ureteral opening and 3 with inverted Y ureteral duplication from the Japanese literature are reviewed briefly.
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PMID:[Ectopic ureteral opening in four males: including a case of inverted Y ureteral duplication]. 409 Nov 41

115 of infra renal abdominal aorta have been operated upon between 1969 and 1984. 107 male patients (93%) and 8 female (7%) were treated. Age was 65.5. Associated high blood pressure was found in 43%, smoking in 74% and coronary disease in 20.5%. Non ruptured aneurysms were 84 (73%) and diagnosis was made chiefly in ischemia of lower limbs, ruptured were 31 (27%). 4 fistulas between aorta and lower vena cava were found at surgery. Aortograms have not been done in every case, even for non ruptured aneurysms, as 19 patients have been operated without (22.6% of non ruptured aneurysms). Ultrasonography have been done in 37. Among 84 patients with non ruptured aneurysm, 6 were not operated, 2 got only palliative surgery for rest pain, and 76 (85.7%) underwent resection and grafting. 31 patients were operated when ruptured. Post operative mortality for non ruptured aneurysms was of 2 (2.63%) for resection and grafting. It was of 24 (77.4%) if ruptured. Follow-up study shows that at a five years range 62.7% of surviving operated patients are alive. Authors point out that lower limbs ischemia is still often a revealing symptom. Post operative colic ischemia is rare.
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PMID:[Aneurysms of the subrenal abdominal aorta. Apropos of 115 cases]. 409 17

The electrical potentials were recorded from the antrum, the duodenum, the ileum and the first part of the colon of ponies under (a) normal resting conditions, (b) during nonpainful colic and (c) after intravenous morphine administration. The normal pony, at rest, had five contractions of the antrum per minute. On the small intestine, the basal electrical activity decreased from the duodenum (14-15/min) to the ileum (10-11/min). The small bowel also had three types of motility: peristaltic waves, rhythmic segmentations and random contractions. On the colon, bursts of potentials indicating intense motor activity occurred at the rate of 20 to 30 per hour. Morphine given intravenously (IV) greatly increased the frequency of the electrical potentials of the antrum and the longitudinal bands of the colon. During non-painful colic, hyperactivity of the cranial small intestine was continuous. Spasms of the jejunum occurred every minute and could not be relieved by morphine (IV). When colic was painful, jejunal spasms announced the crisis of intense abdominal pain. After morphine (IV) the spasms and pain disappeared; the jejunum remained hyperactive, the motility of the colon was increased while the antrum became quiet.
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PMID:Electromyoenterography during normal gastro-intestinal activity, painful or non-painful colic and morphine analgesia, in the horse. 425 27

In the treatment of acute ureteral colic opinions differ regarding the consequences of fluid intake. This study was undertaken to evaluate a possible relationship between fluid load and the pain. One group of patients received 3 liters of fluid intravenously, while in another group all fluids were withheld. No intergroup differences as regards pain was found after 6 hours of observation.
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PMID:Acute ureteral colic and fluid intake. 619 78

In view of the part played by renal prostaglandins in the mechanisms responsible for pain in renal colic, it was worth trying to find out whether nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, which inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, have an analgesic effect of their own. In a double-blind trial the effects of ketoprofen 100 mg administered intravenously alone or associated with noramidopyrine were investigated in 62 patients divided at random into two equal groups. A rapid analgesic effect was observed with no significant difference between the groups. No severe side-effects were recorded. The double-blind method made it possible to confirm that ketoprofen administered alone relieved pain in 97% of the patients (with complete sedation in 45%) and acted within 5 minutes. Owing to their effectiveness and safety nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (especially ketoprofen) may be proposed as an alternative to conventional treatments of renal colic. But because of their activity they should not be prescribed until a firm diagnosis has been made. The cause of the colic should also be rapidly determined in order to treat it as well as the pain it produces.
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PMID:[Treatment of renal colic with intravenous ketoprofen]. 623 15

A randomized prospective double blind study of the analgesic effect of 75 mg intramuscular diclofenac sodium (Voltaren), a potent prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, versus placebo (saline solution) was carried out in 131 consecutive patients with acute ureteral colic. Diclofenac provided complete relief of pain 25 minutes after the injection in 59% of the cases, while placebo provided relief in 29% (p less than 0.01). Forty patients in the placebo group and seventeen patients in the diclofenac group needed an open injection of 75 mg diclofenac intramuscularly after 25 minutes due to persistent pain. Fifty-four of the fifty-seven patients treated with an open injection of diclofenac achieved complete relief of pain after 30 minutes. There were no side-effects of the treatment.
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PMID:Diclofenac sodium in ureteral colic: a double-blind comparison trial with placebo. 635 90

The analgesic effects of intravenously administered indomethacin, pethidine and metamizol were compared in a series of 169 patients with ureteric colic. Complete pain relief was obtained in 59% in the indomethacin group, in 52% in the pethidine group and in 44% in the metamizol group. The observed side effects were not serious. On the basis of the study results indomethacin can be recommended as an alternative drug in the treatment of ureteric colic.
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PMID:Intravenous indomethacin in the treatment of ureteric colic. A clinical multicentre study with pethidine and metamizol as the control preparations. 636 51

Spontaneous pneumothorax runs its course in the presence of the main symptoms such as pain in the side, dyspnea, tachycardia, often leading to erroneous diagnoses: angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, renal and liver colic, and so forth. Sometimes these errors lead to grave consequences. While differentiating between the most severe complication, spontaneous valvular pneumothorax, and similar diseases it is necessary to bear in mind that the main symptomatology of the complication involves the presence on the side of the complication of a box sound, sometimes with a tympanic tone, reduced respiration or its absence, and heart displacement toward the side opposite to the pneumothorax.
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PMID:[Differential diagnosis of spontaneous pneumothorax]. 649 16


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