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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It has been suggested in the lay literature that static stretching and/or warm-up will prevent the occurrence of Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS). The primary purpose of this study was to determine the effects of static stretching and/or warm-up on the level of pain associated with DOMS. Sixty-two healthy male and female volunteers were randomly assigned to four groups: (a) subjects who statically stretched the quadriceps muscle group before a step, (b) subjects who only performed a stepping warm-up, (c) subjects who both stretched and performed a stepping warm-up prior to a step test, and (d) subjects who only performed a step test. The step test (Asmussen, 1956) required subjects to do concentric work with their right leg and eccentric work with their left leg to voluntary exhaustion. Subjects rated their muscle soreness on a ratio scale from zero to six at 24-hour intervals for 5 days following the step test. A 4x2x2 ANOVA with repeated measures on legs and Duncan's New Multiple Range post-hoc test found no difference in peak muscle soreness among the groups doing the step test or for gender (p greater than .05). There was the expected significant difference in peak muscle soreness between eccentrically and concentrically worked legs, with the eccentrically worked leg experiencing greater muscle soreness. We concluded that static stretching and/or warm-up does not prevent DOMS resulting from exhaustive exercise.
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PMID:The effects of static stretching and warm-up on prevention of delayed-onset muscle soreness. 248 63

There is accumulating evidence that selenium plays an important role in human nutrition. We have seen an increasing number of reports of selenium deficiency in patients after long-term Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) support, such as Home Parenteral Nutrition support. There had been no such patient reported in China until now. A sever multiple gastro-intestinal external fistulae patient was admitted in early Oct. 1985. His intestinal fluid loss was about 4-6 liters/day and he was a resident of a town where many people have low serum selenium levels. After two weeks of high calorie, high nitrogen TPN support, his serum selenium levels were 7.14, 6.25, and 7.97 micrograms/L (around the 3rd and 4th weeks of such TPN support). The patient also showed a higher heart rate and pain in the thigh muscle. After 4 weeks of selenium supplement, his serum selenium levels and heart rate were back to normal and the muscle pain disappeared.
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PMID:[Human selenium deficiency during total parenteral nutrition support (a case report)]. 252 33

For many individuals undergoing routine surgical procedures, their satisfaction with the operation may depend upon their postoperative experience. We used the McGill Pain Questionnaire and the McGill Nausea Questionnaire to study the intensity of 5 common postoperative problems--sore throat, muscle pain, headache, backache, and nausea. We found that the questionnaires were able to determine the intensity of the postoperative problem but due to time pressures, a shorter version would be needed to study large numbers of patients. Using a discriminant analysis, we found that the 25 most frequently chosen words were able to distinguish between the 4 pain-related problems. As well the Present Pain Intensity (PPI) correlated highly with the standard form word choices and appeared to be measuring the same dimension of intensity for these complaints.
Pain 1989 Dec
PMID:Using the McGill Pain Questionnaire to study common postoperative complications. 253 40

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of endogenous opiates in modulating physical performance during dynamic exercise in conscious man. The plasma concentration of beta-endorphin (BEP) and of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) along with muscle pain (McGuill Pain Questionnaire) were assessed in 17 trained, male runners before and after running the longest possible distance within 12 min (i.e., the Cooper test). Each runner participated twice in the test (double-blind cross-over design), with a 1-week interval--with or without an injection of the opiate antagonist naloxone (0.8 mg i.v.). The average (SEM) distance reached was 3,198 (45) m in the naloxone test and 3,240 (38) m in the placebo test. The BEP increased significantly during the tests by a factor of 4.1 on naloxone and by 2.8 on placebo (from the normal resting averages of 1.7 and 2.1 pmol/l, respectively). The ACTH also increased significantly by a factor of 2.0 on naloxone and 2.5 on placebo (from the normal resting averages of 19.3 and 16.8 pmol/l, respectively). There were no significant differences between the naloxone and the placebo test with respect to the increments of BEP or ACTH by exercise. However, the perception of muscle pain was enhanced with naloxone. The increased perception of pain did not decrease the athletes ability to perform in terms of the distance run. We conclude that endogenous opiates are involved in the perception of pain associated with exhaustive exercise and may subserve psychological rather than physiological functions during exercise.
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PMID:Opioid involvement in the perception of pain due to endurance exercise in trained man. 254 82

Our previous study reported that the afferents to the spinal trigeminal nucleus from the masseter muscle were predominantly of A-delta range fibers having fast conducting-low threshold and slow conducting-high threshold. In the present study, further experiment was undertaken to obtain more definite information on the central transmission of muscle pain. When the electrical stimulation was delivered to the masseter muscle of rat, the evoked potentials with a shorter latency (the S-response) or longer latency (the L-response) were recorded from the caudal part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. In both the S- and the L-responses, the relationship between the amplitudes of the responses and the stimulus intensity almost followed the power function with the exponent of about 3.4 and 4.0, respectively. The stimulus intensity range of the S-response, in which the power function was formed, was wider than that of the L-response. The most of the S-response were recorded from the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis and adjacent reticular formation, whereas the recording sites of the L-response were located mainly in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis. These results suggest that the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis and adjacent reticular formation are an important portion of the afferent projection areas and of the modulator system of pain sensation from the masseter muscle.
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PMID:Characteristics of responses in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis and adjacent reticular formation evoked by the stimulation of the masseter muscle. 256 65

The occurrence, location, and severity of muscle pain were determined when vecuronium was used in lieu of succinylcholine during outpatient laparoscopy. Postoperative muscle pain, in 11 body parts, was assessed by a linear analogue scale questionnaire that was completed by each patient on the evening of surgery and for the next three mornings. All patients had general endotracheal anesthesia with nitrous oxide, thiopental, and fentanyl. Succinylcholine 1.5 mg/kg (3-4 min after 3 mg of d-tubocurarine) was given to 14 patients for tracheal intubation and then by infusion for additional muscle relaxation. Another 14 patients received vecuronium 50 micrograms/kg iv as the only muscle relaxant used; all of these patients had residual neuromuscular blockade antagonized with glycopyrrolate 7 micrograms/kg and edrophonium 0.5 mg/kg iv. Both groups were similar in age, weight, length of procedure, time to discharge, and amount of thiopental and fentanyl used (P greater than 0.05). No difference was noted in either group with respect to the severity of pain by body part over time. Mean total body pain scores were generated for each group at all four intervals as an alternate type of analysis. No statistical significance was demonstrated by a Student's t test in any group at any interval sampled. The authors failed to demonstrate that the substitution of vecuronium for succinylcholine lowers the incidence of myalgia when used in outpatient diagnostic laparoscopy. They refrain from concluding that vecuronium contributes to postanesthetic myalgia, but feel justified in stating that the avoidance of succinylcholine did not lower the severity or occurrence of muscle pains after laparoscopy when vecuronium was used in its place.
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PMID:Muscle pain occurs after outpatient laparoscopy despite the substitution of vecuronium for succinylcholine. 256 62

Four studies are presented testing the validity and reliability of pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) and of examination parameters believed to be important in the clinical assessment of sites commonly used for such measures in patient samples. Forty-five patients with a myogenous temporomandibular disorder were examined clinically prior to PPT measures. Criteria for history and examination included functional aspects of the pain, tissue quality of the pain site, and the type of pain elicited from palpation. Control sites within the same muscle and in the contralateral muscle were also examined. PPTs were measured as an index of tenderness using a strain gauge algometer at these sites. The data from the 5 male subjects were excluded from subsequent analyses due to the higher PPT in the males and to their unequal distribution among the various factorial conditions. The first study demonstrated strong validity in PPT measures between patients (using pain sites replicating the patients' pain) and matched controls (n = 11). The PPT was not significantly different between the primary pain site (referred pain and non-referred pain collapsed) and the no-pain control site in the same muscle (n = 16). The PPT was significantly lower at the pain site compared to the no-pain control site in the contralateral muscle (n = 13). The second study indicated adequate reliability in patient samples of the PPT measures. In the third study, the PPT was significantly lower at sites producing referred pain on palpation compared to sites producing localized pain on palpation. The PPT findings from the control sites were inconsistent on this factor. The fourth study presented preliminary evidence that palpable bands and nodular areas in muscle were most commonly associated with muscle regions that produce pain; such muscle findings were not specific, however, for regions that produce pain. Further, the intraexaminer reliability in reassessing these pain sites qualitatively was only fair. Referred pain had a poor association with the pain pattern and physical findings, which may suggest a need to reevaluate part of the theory regarding referred muscle pain. The reliability of PPT measures was better overall than the reliability of the signs and site-specific symptoms, suggesting that pressure pain thresholds may be an important tool in clinical studies of pain. PPT measures demonstrate a high within-subject variability in pain patient subjects as well as non-pain subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Pain 1989 Nov
PMID:Pressure pain thresholds, clinical assessment, and differential diagnosis: reliability and validity in patients with myogenic pain. 259 94

1. The influence of three mechanical factors, force, muscle length and passive lengthening, on long-lasting changes in voluntary force generation, the force:frequency relationship and the development of tenderness has been studied in healthy human skeletal muscle. The elbow flexors were used in all studies. The effect of muscle length was also investigated in the quadriceps and adductor pollicis muscles. Eighty maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) were performed: one contraction, lasting approximately 2 s, every 15 s. The MVC and force:frequency relationships were measured before and immediately after the exercise and, together with an assessment of tenderness, at 24 h intervals thereafter. 2. In a series of experiments designed to investigate the effects of force, eccentric (lengthening) contractions were found to cause greater fatique and delayed-onset muscle pain than either isometric or concentric (shortening) contractions. There were, however, no substantial differences between the effects of isometric and concentric contractions. Changes in MVC took 24-48 h to return to normal while the low-frequency fatigue required 3-4 days to recover. 3. Passive lengthening with a comparable number of movements over the full range had no effect on the force generation of the muscle, nor did it cause any muscle pain. 4. In the series of experiments designed to investigate the effects of length, isometric MVCs were performed at either short or long length and the muscles subsequently tested at an intermediate length. The contractions at long length resulted in greater low-frequency fatigue and pain, despite the fact that they generated less force than those at the short length. 5. The results demonstrate that there is no simple relationship between the force generated during exercise and the development of long-lasting muscle fatigue and pain. Furthermore, there is a length-dependent component in the generation of low-frequency fatigue and muscle pain.
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PMID:Mechanical influences on long-lasting human muscle fatigue and delayed-onset pain. 260 Aug 39

One hundred and twenty-three patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection have been referred to rheumatologists at our hospitals between October 1985 and April 1989 because of musculoskeletal symptoms. Thirty-four homosexual men presented with acute, peripheral, non-erosive arthritis (mean number of four joints affected) with the knees being involved in 23. Other features developing concurrently with arthritis included psoriasis, keratoderma blenorrhagica, plantar fasciitis, urethritis, conjunctivitis and anterior uveitis. Four of five patients investigated were HLA-B27-positive; none of 15 patients tested had raised titres of rheumatoid or antinuclear factors. Various infections were associated with the onset of arthritis and two patients with a recent history of diarrhoea had serological evidence of yersinia infection. No micro-organisms were identified within the joint except for HIV itself. At the time of onset of arthritis four of these individuals had the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); 11 were not known to be HIV-positive before testing which was performed following referral for arthritis. Six patients have since developed AIDS and four have died. In 15 individuals, including those who progressed to AIDS, joint symptoms have been severe, persistent and poorly responsive to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In only five patients has the arthritis been known to resolve. Synovitis has also been seen in two women: in one of these HIV infection was thought to have been acquired through intravenous drug abuse. Other rheumatic lesions included myalgia/myositis, non-inflammatory peripheral arthritis, spinal pain, soft tissue lesions, arthralgia or myalgia of unknown cause and infective lesions including septic arthritis and bony infection due to histoplasmosis and atypical mycobacterial infection. It appears likely that HIV infection is a risk factor for the development of seronegative arthritis and other rheumatic lesions.
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PMID:Rheumatological lesions in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 261 38

This is a descriptive study to establish the profile of 120 consecutive patients seeking relief from symptoms and dysfunction of the masticatory system at the Dental Clinic, Singapore General Hospital from February 1988-September 1988. The mean age of the patients was 29.4 years and females outnumber males by 2:1. The patients complained of TMJ clicking (66%), TMJ pain (55%), painful chewing (47%), headaches (42%), painful opening (37%), jaw locking (33%), and jaw muscle pain (23%). The possible etiological factors were recorded: macrotrauma (27%), stressful episodes (24%), unilateral mastication (53%), clenching (28%), grinding (26%) and excessive chewing habits (10%). Unilateral chewing was significantly associated with pain on opening (p less than 0.05) and joint pain (p less than 0.05). A statistical relationship was found between night grinding and laterotrusive wear of teeth (p less than 0.001). There was evidence that tension headache reported by TMD sufferers was related to temporalis muscle/tendon dysfunction (p less than 0.001).
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PMID:A profile of patients with temporomandibular disorders in Singapore--a descriptive study. 262 16


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