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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. In a double-blind, three way, cross-over study 15 volunteers received plain paracetamol tablets 1000 mg every 6th hour, paracetamol slow-release tablets 2000 mg every 12th hour, and placebo. Steady state conditions were established over a 5 day period preceding each test session. 2. Plain paracetamol was given twice in the 12h test session, initially and after 6 h, and the slow-release formulation was given once at the start of the session. 3. Hypoalgesia, measured by experimentally laser-induced pain (pain threshold), and plasma concentrations of paracetamol were measured hourly for 12 h. 4. Both formulations of paracetamol were significantly superior (P = 0.0003) to placebo, but not difference in analgesic efficacy was found between the two regimens.
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PMID:A comparison of the hypoalgesic effect of paracetamol in slow-release and plain tablets on laser-induced pain. 205 66

Recent work on the excitatory action of capsaicin on somatic and visceral afferent neurones shows that depolarization is selective for C-fibre polymodal nociceptor afferents and involves opening a non-selective cation channel. Exposure to significantly suprathreshold amounts of capsaicin causes permanent degeneration of C-fibre afferents in adult rats. Functional changes in rats (hypalgesia, diminished neurogenic inflammation) are likely to be a direct consequence of the loss of C-fibre nociceptors, and so are the reductions in neuropeptide levels that follow adult capsaicin treatment. Clinical trials of topical capsaicin treatment for post-herpetic neuralgia have yielded promising results. The selective nature of the action of capsaicin in reducing just C-nociceptor activity may make it particularly useful for treating pain states triggered by C-fibre input.
Pain 1990 Apr
PMID:Capsaicin: actions on nociceptive C-fibres and therapeutic potential. 216 21

Macaca nemestrina monkeys received unilateral interruption of the spinothalamic tract, producing contralateral hypalgesia and a bilateral decrease in amplitude of the flexion reflex. These effects on operant escape and reflex responses to electrocutaneous stimulation (ES) were monitored for months to evaluate relationships between the extent of each lesion and the presence or absence of recovery from the early postoperative deficits. Before surgery, the animals were trained to perform an operant response that terminated ES to the lateral calf of either leg. The durations of ES tolerated by each monkey were inversely related to stimulus intensities within the pain sensitivity range of human subjects. The vigor of operant escape responses and the frequency of intertrial pulls of the manipulandum were directly related to stimulus intensity. Following anterolateral chordotomy at an upper thoracic level, these measures revealed a contralateral hypalgesia for each animal. Operant responsivity to stimulation contralateral to the lesion recovered to control levels for 7 animals (group R). Sustained contralateral recovery of operant reactivity was not observed for 8 monkeys (group U). Most of the lesions in groups R and U were similar in extent and location, involving the classical distribution of the spinothalamic tract (in the anterolateral and ventral columns). Thus, recovery was not determined solely by lesion configuration. However, when recovery did occur, it was associated with medially extensive lesions. A subgroup of 3 unrecovered animals received superficial lesions that did not substantially involve the gray matter or the ventral columns. For all animals, reflex magnitudes were initially diminished bilaterally and then increased over months of testing. Reflex recovery was greater for the animals that demonstrated recovery of intentional reactions to nociception (group R). An ipsilateral hyperreflexia became apparent for group R. Contralateral recovery to normal levels was observed for group R but not for group U. The time course of recovery for operant and reflex responses clearly differed, indicating that different processes determined changes in these spinal and supraspinal reactions to nociceptive stimulation.
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PMID:Long-term changes in purposive and reflexive responses to nociceptive stimulation following anterolateral chordotomy. 237 69

Percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol instillation was performed under local anesthesia for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia in 162 patients. A simplified technique that did not involve cisternography was used. Initial pain relief was achieved in 146 patients (90.1%). Recurrent pain was noted in 27 patients (18.5%) and was more frequent (50%) in patients who had undergone surgical treatments prior to glycerol injection than in those who had no previous surgical treatment (12.3%). A second glycerol injection was carried out in nine patients and a third injection in two patients. The follow-up period extended from 6 to 67 months and 77.8% of patients are totally pain-free after one or more glycerol injections. Another 8.6% experienced good pain relief with the addition of small doses of pharmacological agents. Thus, 140 (86.4%) of the original 162 patients experienced satisfactory pain control following glycerol rhizolysis. Initial sensory loss on the face occurred in 117 patients (71.6%) but at last follow-up examination only 46 patients (28%) experienced mild orofacial hypalgesia and 13 patients (8%) noted analgesia. The corneal reflex was absent in three patients (1.8%) and reduced in five (3.1%). No patients noted corneal ulceration or anesthesia dolorosa. Percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizolysis offers a rapid, safe, reliable, and relatively inexpensive surgical approach to treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.
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PMID:Glycerol rhizolysis for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. 245 4

A 23-year-old male with a suprasellar germinoma was initially treated with local irradiation, and the tumor completely disappeared. Three months later, he complained of pain in the left thigh. Myelography revealed multiple spinal metastases at the Th5 to Th8 and Th11 to L5 levels. The tumors were removed through a laminectomy, and the histopathological diagnosis was typical germinoma. Whole spinal irradiation was administered postoperatively. Neurological examination on discharge revealed no abnormality other than hypalgesia over the left L5 segment. Six years later, tumor was found in the lateral ventricles. The human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and HCG beta subunit levels were markedly elevated in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Irradiation considerably decreased the size of the tumor but did not completely eradicate it. Subsequent chemotherapy with cisplatin resulted in complete disappearance of the intraventricular tumor, as evidenced by computed tomography (CT). The serum and CSF levels of HCG and HCG beta subunit were well correlated with the tumor size, as shown by CT. The authors emphasize the curative potential of cisplatin in the treatment of recurrent germinoma.
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PMID:[Recurrent germinoma successfully treated with cisplatin. Case report]. 247 54

Nociceptive flexor reflex (NFR) in patients with vertebrogenic lumbosacral pain syndromes was recorded before and after the ipsi- and contralateral auricular electroacupuncture (AEAP). Changes in NFR were observed after ipsi- and contralateral AEAP, each producing facilitatory and inhibitory effects on NFR. Facilitatory influence of AEAP on NFR correlated with hypalgesia, that apparently reflected recovery of the afferent input peculiarities.
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PMID:[Modulation of the nociceptive flexor reflex by the electrostimulation of auricular acupuncture points]. 252 44

Irradiation neuropathy is a term for the damage to peripheral nerve tissue due to irradiation. Brachial irradiation plexopathy is irradiation neuropathy affecting the brachial plexus. This is most frequently a complication of irradiation therapy for cancer of the breast. The incidence varies considerably and is lowest with low total doses of irradiation and limited fractions. The latent period varies from months to several years. The neurological manifestations are paraesthesiae in the fingers, pain, hypaesthesia, hypalgesia, disaesthesia, paresis, hyporeflexia, muscular atrophy and possibly vegetative disturbances. Horner's syndrome may occur. Lymphoedema is observed in approximately on third of the patients. The course of brachial irradiation plexopathy is progressive. No specific treatment is available. The diagnosis is based on the case history, clinical picture, electrodiagnosis and CT of the brachial plexus region. The most important differential diagnosis is metastatic infiltration in the brachial plexus. These two conditions are differentiated best by means of CT guided surgical exploration and histological examination of the tissue. The irreversible nature of brachial irradiation plexopathy and its marked resistance to treatment are such that the optimal irradiation hygienic rules must be observed.
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PMID:[Brachial irradiation plexopathy]. 255 Oct 86

Nineteen patients with tic douloureux were treated with glycerol injection in the trigeminal cistern. Facial sensibility was measured with an electrical stimulator one day before and one day after the glycerol treatment. The thresholds for perception and pain, and the maximal pain tolerance rose by about 50% (p less than 0.01, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively). The hypaesthesia and hypalgesia were most marked just below the eye, whereas the mandibular division showed only slight sensory impairment. In 13 patients a follow-up sensimetry study was done 1-7 months after surgery. Thirteen patients became completely free of pain and one almost completely free from pain (74%). Two had no pain relief. Twelve patients had no subjective complaints of the treatment. Three reported on dysaesthesiae (16%) over the previously painful area. Seven patients (37%) had subjective sensations of diminished or altered sensibility: numbness and hypalgesia in the face. Corneal hypaesthesia was recorded in ten patients (53%). Glycerol has a non-specific neurotoxic effect which is equal for tactile and nociceptive fibres. Sensory impairment may be a conditio sine qua non for a good clinical result.
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PMID:Sensory disturbance following percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizotomy. 267 89

The study of morphines influence on vocalization and movement, nociceptive reactivity in rats in free behavior, during trauma of an extremity, intraperitoneal acetic acid administration and two-hour restraint allow us to reveal specific analgesic actions of this substance in doses comparable to that used for pain relief in man. This action consisted in the almost disappearance of trauma-induced hyperalgesia or a significant reduction of visceral stimulation-induced hypalgesia without any significant changes in movement reactivity depression typical to these states. Moreover, analysis or morphines influence on movement reactivity depression in free behaving rats of different groups or parts of one group previously housed in different aversive conditions allow to understand the reasons of variability in the action of opiates and the significance of previous living conditions in determination of their effects. Furthermore, the enhancement of morphines action on movement reactivity 3-4 hours after a single naloxone administration was observed, which indicates the possibility of artificial regulation of opiate effects by direct action on opiate receptors by naloxone. Subchronic naloxone administration (0.5 mg/kg, 3 times per day for 3 days) led to substantial and longterm enhancement of morphines depressive effect on movement reactivity (20 and 105 hours after the last naloxone use) and to decrease in movement reactivity depression typical to restraint stress.
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PMID:Morphine: some puzzles of well-known substance. 274 64

An association between increased blood pressure and hypalgesia has been reported in several studies in animals and in a few reports in humans. We investigated the relationship between hypertension and pain perception by comparing the response to graded electrical stimulation of the tooth pulp, which is thought to represent an exclusively nociceptive system. The test was performed with a commercial tooth pulp tester in a large series of subjects with borderline or established hypertension and in three groups of normotensive controls: volunteers, nonhypertensive patients, and medical students with a well-established or no family history of hypertension. Subjects had to report when they started to feel pulp stimulation (sensory threshold) and when this became painful (pain threshold). Sensory and pain thresholds were obtained as means of the measurements on four healthy, unfilled teeth. Sensory thresholds were significantly higher in subjects with borderline or established hypertension than in two of the three normotensive groups (volunteers and normotensive patients), whereas no significant difference was observed between the two hypertensive groups. The results for the pain threshold were qualitatively similar but less clear and less amenable to statistical analysis because this parameter could not be determined with accuracy in a number of subjects in whom the subjective pain threshold was above the upper range of stimulation of the instrument. The association between blood pressure levels and pain perception was further confirmed by the highly significant correlation found for the overall data between mean arterial blood pressure and both thresholds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Arterial hypertension is associated with hypalgesia in humans. 319 94


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