Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pain following tooth extraction was assessed in 60 patients using the McGill Pain Questionnaire and the Anxiety Differential, along with other measures of patient expectations and behavior. The McGill Pain Questionnaire demonstrated efficacy in assessing postextraction pain with subscale measures relating to situational anxiety, recovery time and use of analgesics. Significant overlap among the subscales (7--58% common variance) was found suggesting further scale refinement is indicated. Pain descriptive words used and mean subscale scores were similar to those previously reported for toothache pain.
Pain 1979 Feb
PMID:An evaluation of the McGill pain questionnaire for use in dental pain assessment. 3 35

The object of a study was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of ibuprofen for dental pain. The subjects were outpatients who were undergoing surgical removal of impacted teeth. We compared aspirin, 325 mg; aspirin, 650 mg; ibuprofen, 200 mg; ibuprofen, 400 mg; and placebo. Each patient received a single dose of one of the test medications; there was a minimum of 37 patients in each treatment group. Patients recorded pain intensity before receiving medication; then hourly, for four hours after medication, they recorded pain intensity, amount of relief, and side effects. Time-effect and dose-response curves were generated from the relief and change in pain-intensity scores. First-hour scores, peak scores, and total scores were analyzed. All active medications were significantly better than placebo and the mean effect for ibuprofen was significantly more than for aspirin.
 ...
PMID:Comparative analgesic potency of aspirin and ibuprofen. 26 32

In the presence of idiopathic and neuralgiform pain in the trigeminal area, differential diagnosis will have to eliminate sinus disturbances, toothache, TMJ trouble and neuromuscular spasms derived thereof. Neuralgias unconnected to these causes are treated by electrobiological testing of the neurotoxins. Symptomatic immediate treatment was formerly done by enneural injection. Now, a special technique of auriculoacupuncture has been successful for some time.
 ...
PMID:[Therapeutic considerations in maxillofacial neuralgia]. 27 25

Recent pain research advances show promise in their application to the relief of acute and chronic clinical dental pain. Regional electroanalgesia, or transcutaneous electrical stimulation, has been used successfully in the treatment of pain associated with peripheral nerve injuries. Electrical stimulation of teeth also may prove useful as a pain control technique during operative dentistry procedures. Another exciting research finding is the discovery of endogenous or natural pain-suppressing pathways in the brain. There are recent demonstrations that natural-occurring opiate-like compounds and receptors exist in the brain. The elucidation of stimuli and behavioral responses which will activate these specific descending pain control pathways may lead to exciting new methods of pain relief. Thus, both regional electroanalgesia and the discovery of endogenous pain-suppressing pathways offer the possibility of the future expanded use of non-pharmacological pain control techniques. The proper evaluation of new pain control techniques requires the development of better methods of measuring and assessing the multidimensional aspects of the pain experience. Category scales which scale the suprathreshold range of pain from threshold to tolerance levels can be used with both experimental and clinical pain. Sensory Decision Theory has been applied to the analysis of categorical pain responses. This method distinguishes between sensitivity to stimulus intensity and response bias, or the patient's willingness to report a given intensity as painful. Another promising method for scaling pain is the use of ratio-scaling methods with verbal pain descriptors. Verbal descriptors of pain may provide the best method of scaling different dimensions of the pain experience. Reliable and objective descriptor scales have been developed which separate pain along two dimensions: sensory intensity and affect, or unpleasantness. By using cross-modality matching procedures, specific numerical values can be calculated for each verbal descriptor. These scales have been used to measure the intensity and unpleasantness associated with tooth pulp evoked experimental and clinical pain, and should be extremely useful in the evaluation of acute and chronic dental pain. They will be important experimental and clinical adjuncts in determining the efficacy of non-pharmacological pain control methods such as regional electroanalgesia, biofeedback, relaxation-suggestion and hypnosis.
 ...
PMID:New methods of pain measurement and their application to pain control. 30 97

The analgesic effects of acupuncture were compared with those of codeine in the treatment of postoperative dental pain in 40 healthy male volunteers 18 to 30 years old. Upon the patient's recovery from local anesthesia (lidocaine), he was asked by a trained observer to classify the intensity of his pain as none, mild, moderate, or severe. He then received one of the following treatments: 1. Placebo: lactose, plus acupuncture placebo 2. Codeine: codeine, plus acupuncture placebo 3. Acupuncture (Ho-Ku): lactose, plus 2 Ho-Ku points 4. Codeine-acupuncture: codeine, plus 2 Ho-Ku points. The pain intensity score was recorded by the observer at half-hour intervals for 3 hours. Patients in treatment groups 2, 3 and 4 showed significantly greater pain relief than those in treatment group 1. For the 1st half hour, there was more pain relief with Ho-Ku alone than with codeine plus Ho-Ko (p less than 0.01). However, for the 2, 2 1/2, and 3-hour periods, codeine plus Ho-Ku produced more pain relief than any of the other treatments.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of the effects of acupuncture and codeine on postoperative dental pain. 32 53

Previous research implicates an endogenous central pain inhibitory mechanism in opiate analgesia, analgesia produced by focal electrical stimulation of the brain, and acupuncture analgesia. This investigation evaluates the possibility that analgesia produced by hypnosis is also mediated by such a mechanism. Results suggest that hypnotic analgesia is unlikely to involve this central pain inhibitory mechanism since hypnotic analgesia is not altered by naloxone hydrochloride, a specific narcotic antagonist. Results further demonstrate that the hypnotic procedure used produces an unusually effective and reliable increase in pain threshold. This finding generalizes to the control of clinical dental pain, and suggests that hypnotic pain control is a more widespread phenomenon in the population than has been thought.
Pain 1977 Oct
PMID:Evaluation of the efficacy and neural mechanism of a hypnotic analgesia procedure in experimental and clinical dental pain. 33 20

Sections of human pulp tissue taken from the region of a carious exposure in four young patients each having a clinical history of spontaneous dental pain were examined with the electron microscope. All the tissues examined exhibited a generalized edema, and an infiltration with lymphocytes, plasma cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages. Varying degree of lysis of pulp and inflammatory cells were evident. The unmyelinated nerve axons of the pulp appeared to be least affected. Extracellular lysosomes were present in many of the necrotic areas. Edematous vacuoles were noted in two of the pulp specimens. In some of the sections these vacuoles appeared to be responsible for a physical distortion of adjacent unmyelinated nerve axons. It was postulated that such distortion may be a contributing factor to the pain of pulpitis. In another of the pulp specimens, micro-organisms were found intracellularly and extracellularly. Intracellularly they were present within the cytoplasm of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages and exhibited evidence of lysis. Only two morphological forms, a gram positive rod, and a gram positive coccus were identified.
 ...
PMID:Changes in the fine structure of the human dental pulp subsequent to carious exposure. 40 55

In order to quantify the pain associated with first trimester abortions and to analyze its influences, patient observations by doctors and attending counselors and patient interviews were conducted. Of the 2299 patients, 86% received 20 cc of lidocaine as paracervical anesthesia (14% received less) and 76% choose to receive 5 mg oral diazepam preoperatively (4% received 3-8 intravenously during the procedure). Patients compared their pain with other familiar types of pain. Doctors and counselors rated the pain during each of 8 specific stages of the abortion (examination, speculum insertion, tenaculum placement, administration of paracervical local anesthesia, uterine sounding, cervical dilatation, vacuum aspiration, and sharp curettage) as compared with the average pain they had observed. In addition, counselors rated the degree of apprehension with which the patient faced the procedure. These methods were analyzed on the basis of internal consistency among each group and agreement across the 3 sources and were found to be sufficiently dependable for the purpose at hand. The pain most often experienced was less severe than an earache or toothache, more severe than a menstrual pain or headache. Physicians and counselors agreed that vacuum aspiration is the most painful stage followed by dilatation and sharp curettage. Pain was positively associated with 1) age of 15 years or less, 2) with gestation of less than 7 weeks or more than 12 and with dilatation on a curvilnear basis, and 3) with patient fear. Despite expectations to the contrary, administration of 5 mg oral diazepam did not reduce pain.
 ...
PMID:Pain of first-trimester abortion: its quantification and relations with other variables. 44 87

In 136 healthy men, circadian variations in pain threshold have been observed in healthy front teeth, the pain being elicited by a cold stimulus, alterations in threshold then being inferred from changes in the minimum cold application time. The pain threshold is maximal in the early afternoon and at a minimum in the early morning. In previous experiments using an electrical current as the pain stimulus, a similar diurnal variation of sensitivity was also observed. These results conform with clinical experience of the time of onset of toothache, and are also in accord with known diurnal variations of pain sensitivity in other organs. Further studies were carried out on one subject. The minimum cold application time test was performed over more than 3 years on a healthy front tooth. The results suggest a circannual rhythm of the pain threshold, with a maximum in October/November and a minimum in May.
 ...
PMID:Rhythmic changes in pain sensitivity in teeth. 56 24

The effect of 80 min of low frequency (2 Hz) electric acupunctural stimulation at facial sites on the perception of induced dental pain was evaluated using both pain threshold and sensory decision theory (SDT) procedures. The demonstration of a 187% increase in threshold over a 20 min period of acupunctural stimulation replicated earlier work by Swedish investigators. SDT analyses indicated that the threshold increase reflected a relatively pure sensory change with no significant modification of response bias. However, subjects were able to perceive some of the stimuli presented below threshold level following acupuncture, thus indicating that the threshold concept has been an inadequate description of the phenomenon. This study demonstrated that intrasegmental analgesic stimulation is more efficacious than the extrasegmental meridian point stimulation used in our earlier studies. Possible mechanisms for the observed effect were discussed.
Pain 1977 Jun
PMID:Effects of intrasegmental electrical acupuncture on dental pain: evaluation by threshold estimation and sensory decision theory. 87 74


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>