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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adolescents can be expected to inflict some pain on their environment periodically, and complete conformity of an adolescent is not necessarily a sign of mental health. With the exception of some particular behaviors such as a suicide attempt, auditory hallucinations, or a school phobia, one cannot make a prediction about the existence of, or seriousness of, a psychological problem of an adolescent based solely on the occurrence of any one particular antisocial act. Such typical adolescent problems such as stealing, truancy, sexual involvements, and drug use can be either a normal part of adolescent growth, the manifestation of a situational stress reaction, or the indication of a serious personality disturbance or identity crisis. Only by putting this behavior into the framework of an adolescent's age, social situation, general stress factors and developmental history can one attempt to reach a true evaluation of the seriousness of his behavior. To put it simply, one must try to understand the individual, rather than judging the behavior itself. The type of evaluation outlined here is often difficult and time consuming, but in terms of the long range help that it can be both to the teenager who is using his behavior as a means of asking for help and for the normal teenager who just needs to be told that he is not carzy, this is time and effort well spent.
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PMID:Evaluating the seriousness of adolescent adjustment reactions. 104 50

This study reports the results of the first investigation into the relationship between situational stress and phantom limb pain. Twenty-seven male amputees recorded their pain and overall stress levels daily for 180 days using a 1-10 rating scale. Three possible relationships into the etiology and/or maintenance of phantom limb pain were examined using cross-lagged correlational techniques: an isomorphic relationship (same time increases in pain lead to same time increases in stress and vice versa), a consequence relationship (increases in pain precede increases in stress), and a precursor relationship (increases in stress precede increases in pain). Thirty-seven per cent of subjects demonstrated some significant precursor relationship. Although support was found for all three hypotheses, the most frequently observed relationship was the isomorphic one. Seventy-four per cent of subjects demonstrated some significant stress-pain relationship. The results lend support to the psychological theory underlying the use of psychophysiological interventions such as biofeedback and relaxation therapy in amputees with phantom limb pain.
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PMID:The relationship between situational stress and phantom limb pain: cross-lagged correlational data from six month pain logs. 231 14