Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The well-established trophic role of CNTF upon neurons led to performing clinical trials in patients of neurodegenerative diseases. However, trials were suspended due to side effects such as severe weight loss, hyperalgesia, coughing, muscle cramps and pain. So far it is not known how CNTF triggers the problems related to skeletal muscle cramps and pain. CNTF has also been described as a myotrophic factor for denervated skeletal muscles, but the possibility that it affects innervated muscles has also been considered. Since a myotrophic factor could be a valuable tool for treatment of several muscle diseases, we studied the effects of low doses of CNTF delivered systemically by an osmotic pump, over the electrical and mechanical properties of innervated and denervated fast and slow muscles. CNTF induced spontaneous electrical discharges and slowed twitches in innervated muscles, but did not prevent the changes induced by denervation. We postulate that the spontaneous discharges induced by CNTF in innervated muscles may be the cause of the cramps, coughing, and muscle ache reported by patients. At low doses, CNTF does not exert its myotrophic role over denervated muscles but clearly affects the excitable and contractile properties of innervated muscles.
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PMID:Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) affects the excitable and contractile properties of innervated skeletal muscles. 1463 64

The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and severity of sensorimotor and autonomic neuropathic symptoms within an outpatients diabetic population. A total of 350 consecutive Type 1 (26.9%) and Type 2 diabetic subjects were investigated using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI). The original questionnaire was extended with questions on autonomic neuropathy and to include a six-point scale to rate the severity of symptoms, which were recorded accurately in order to avoid overrating. More than one half of Type 2 and nearly a third of Type 1 diabetic subjects suffer from at least one neuropathic symptom; the former suffered significantly more often from paresthesia (P<.05) and burning pain (P=.05). Less than 10% of the study population had autonomic symptoms. The prevalence of symptomatic polyneuropathy (PNP), diagnosed by an abnormal MNSI together with the presence of any symptom, was 16.0% in Type 1 and 37.5% (P<.001) in Type 2 diabetic subjects. Subjects with an abnormal ankle reflex (54.6%) had in 48.2% any sensorimotor, in 35.1% any autonomic, and in 25.7% any sensorimotor plus autonomic symptoms. The corresponding percentages for subjects with an abnormal vibration perception threshold (VPT; 28.9%) were 59.4%, 46.5%, and 34.7%, respectively. An abnormal ankle reflex was significantly correlated to numbness, and to the the sum of sensorimotor and autonomic symptoms. An abnormal vibration perception was significantly correlated to numbness, to paresthesia pain, and to the sum of sensorimotor and autonomic symptoms. A higher percentage of Type 2 diabetic subjects had symptoms of neuropathy and the most frequent symptoms were numbness, muscle cramps and postural hypotension.
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PMID:The prevalence of symptoms of sensorimotor and autonomic neuropathy in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic subjects. 1501 96

Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have symptoms of progressive muscle weakness, of disturbed speech and swallowing, and in the terminal phase those of respiratory weakness. Treatment options, in particular those for excessive weight loss and respiratory weakness, should be introduced to the patients and their families when the patient is emotionally capable and before dysarthria severely hampers communication. Special equipment for keeping the patient as mobile as possible should be made available much earlier than in the case of other diseases of the muscles as in ALS progression is much faster. Cramps, pathological crying or laughter, spasms, and spasticity can all be treated by medication. When speech can no longer be understood, adaptive strategies such as sign language, mime, posture and communication apparatus varying from a note pad to advanced computer systems can be used. Sialorrhoea, caused by difficulty swallowing with its accompanying danger of aspiration can be halted by the use of medication, by radiotherapy and by the injection into the salivary glands of botulin A toxin. Weight loss, also a result of dysphagia, can be avoided by eating frequent small meals or if necessary performing a percutaneous endoscopic or radiological gastroscopy. Excess mucus in the respiratory tract can be treated with anticholinergics. Difficulty in coughing up thick and sticky mucus cannot always be adequately helped. Respiratory weakness is treatable by external respiratory supportive therapy using a nasal mask, as well as invasive respiratory support via a trachcostoma and by treating the symptoms of respiratory weakness. The latter form of treatment is palliative and forms part of terminal care. During the terminal phase restlessness, anxiety, pain, and dyspnoea require the most attention. Treatment requires careful multidisciplinary cooperation.
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PMID:[The symptomatic treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. 1519 69

A 76-year-old man with prostate cancer T3N0M0 and increasing PSA was treated with goserelin three times in a half year. As soon as the first treatment, he described subjective muscle weakness. After the third treatment, he developed complex motoric symptoms and atypical central pain with a likely association to goserelin. His left arm had signs of spastic movement; pain deteriorated after relaxation. The right hand showed muscle cramps under passive movements of the left arm that were not typical for rigor. He felt aching and partial burning pain in his whole body. There were few allodynic areas, mainly in the left arm. Several treatment approaches failed and the patient died some weeks after the first contact with our pain clinic due to pneumonia.
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PMID:Central pain and complex motoric symptoms after gosarelin therapy of prostate cancer. 1557 20

Popliteal vein entrapment must be taken in consideration in patients with symptoms of venous insufficiency. Leg edema, swelling, calf pain, and muscle cramps are all unspecific signs. Most patients thus far have presented with deep vein thrombosis or chronic venous insufficiency. Popliteal entrapment syndrome must be taken into account in younger patients in whom predisposing factors are absent and chronic calf swelling is notable. Diagnosis is easily confirmed by noninvasive stress testing with duplex imaging and pencil Doppler probe placed over the posterior tibial artery. Additionally, digital subtraction angiography with the foot in neutral and dorsi plantarflexion is recommended for arterial entrapment. Surgery is advisable for treatment and can be done without significant morbidity. In asymptomatic patients, we suggest using the term "popliteal vein entrapment phenomenon." We describe different etiologies of popliteal vein entrapment in three cases and present a review of the literature.
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PMID:[Popliteal vein entrapment in patients with unspecific symptoms of venous insufficiency]. 1577 Apr 92

The aim of this study is to find out if lamotrigine gives symptomatic relief and enhances quality of life in patients with post-polio syndrome. Thirty patients were randomly assigned to receive or not to receive lamotrigine treatment. Lamotrigine at a daily dose of 50-100 mg was given to the fifteen patients, and fifteen patients were used as the control group. Interventional advice and home exercises were given to all of the patients. Clinical assessments were made at baseline and repeated at the second and fourth weeks by the physician who was unaware of medication. The severity of pain, fatigue and muscle cramps were rated on a visual analogue scale. Health-related quality of life was measured using the Nottingham Health Profile. The patient's perceived level of fatigue was assessed using Fatigue Severity Scale. Comparing to the baseline values, statistically significant improvements were obtained in the mean scores of VAS, NHP and FSS at two weeks and four weeks in the patients on lamotrigine. No significant improvements were reported in the control group. These preliminary results indicate that lamotrigine relieves the symptoms and improves the life qualities of patients with post polio syndrome.
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PMID:Effects of lamotrigine on the symptoms and life qualities of patients with post polio syndrome: a randomized, controlled study. 1640 93

Hypothyroidism is a frequently diagnosed endocrine disorder that has characteristic clinical signs and symptoms. Myopathy is one of the manifestations of hypothyroidism and relatively common. We report a case of Hoffmann's Syndrome due to hypothyroid myopathy documented by clinical features, laboratory findings and positive response to thyroid hormone replacement therapy. A man, age of 22, was diagnosed as having primary hypothyroidism at the age of five, had been describing progressive weakness in his arms and legs for two months and complained about generalized muscle cramps and pain. He was diagnosed with Hoffmann's syndrome with low levels of thyroid hormones and high levels of muscle enzymes. After six months of thyroid hormone replacement therapy, both the clinical picture and laboratory findings were remarkably improved.
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PMID:Early diagnosis and treatment reverse clinical features in Hoffmann's syndrome due to hypothyroid myophaty: a case report. 1648 71

Deep vein thrombosis - the formation of clots in one of the body's deep veins (usually in the lower extremities) - develops as a result of vascular damage to the vein wall, venous stasis, and hypercoagulability (Virchow's triad). Among the many problems it can cause, the condition can escalate the challenge of healing a chronic wound. If a patient presents with pain, swelling, warmth, muscle cramps, and/or redness, the clinician should consider deep vein thrombosis, even if the patient does not initially appear to be at risk. Because approximately 2 million Americans have deep vein thrombosis every year (including otherwise healthy adults, the elderly, and persons with and without a history of venous insufficiency), prompt attention to symptoms is warranted. Diagnosis takes into consideration risk factors such as hypercoagulability, estrogen contraception, and Factor V Leiden mutation and is confirmed via compression ultrasonography and duplex ultrasound. Management includes anticoagulation therapy and thrombolytic therapy; prevention focuses on avoiding long periods of sitting, wearing compression hose when necessary and, for persons at risk, prophylactic anticoagulant therapy. Prescribed bedrest as a result of deep vein thrombosis provided one clinician/patient who did not consider herself to be at risk the opportunity to explore the condition in depth.
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PMID:Up close and personal with deep vein thrombosis. 1656 27

This study was done to examine the level of symptom experience, and symptom variation in relation to demographic and clinical variables, in Korean patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). Symptom experience was measured using a scale developed by the researchers through a literature review on LC. Participants were 129 patients whose mean age was 53.6 (standard deviation [SD] = 9.28) years. The results indicated that (1) overall symptom experience was relatively low (mean 41.67, SD 24.71); (2) the main symptoms needing a management were fatigue, abdominal distension and/or peripheral edema, and muscle cramps; and (3) among the study variables, the severity of LC (P < 0.001) and the number of hospitalizations (P = 0.014) showed a significant relationship with overall symptom experience. These results suggest that symptom assessment requires a multidimensional approach and that it is imperative to consider disease severity in developing tailored symptom management programs for Korean patients with LC.
J Pain Symptom Manage 2006 Apr
PMID:Symptom experience in Korean patients with liver cirrhosis. 1663 80

We administered 2.5 g of Shakuyaku-kanzo-to granule to 61 patients who had muscle cramp during hemodialysis (HD) sessions and examined its immediate effects. We selected 10 patients who wanted to take the drug at home, out of cases, for whom the drug was effective on the study described above and had them take the drug in the same way at the beginning of muscle cramp at home examined the effects. In the study during HD sessions, muscle cramp and its associated pain disappeared in 5.3 +/- 3.9 min on average in 54 out of 61 cases. In the study of patients who took the drug at home, muscle cramp disappeared within 10 min in all cases. Shakuyaku-kanzo-to is thought to be very useful for muscle cramp during HD sessions of hemodialized patients because it has immediate effects by its oral administration on the occasion of cramp. With regard to the muscle cramp, which appears at home after HD sessions, the patients can cope with it by taking the drug by themselves. This is an epoch-making therapy, for it was impossible to cope with muscle cramp except in hospitals because the therapy of muscle cramp was limited to intravenous infusion of hypertonic solutions of dextrose, mannitol, and saline during HD sessions.
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PMID:Immediate effect of Shakuyaku-kanzo-to on muscle cramp in hemodialysis patients. 1668 41


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