Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030193 (pain)
 261,466 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

34 women with recurrent primary dysmenorrhea were given prescriptions for mefenamic acid and told to use it as needed for pain and cramps. 85% felt the dysmenorrhea had improved and 15 of the women said it was completely controlled. Virtually all felt it more effective than aspirin and 13 of 18 who could make a comparison considered it more effective than propoxyphene. There were 3instances of nausea or vomiting and 1 of sleepiness. A double-blind study is now underway.
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PMID:Treatment of dysmenorrhea. 33 58

One hundred patients, who were in pain during the immediate postoperative period after upper abdominal operations, were included in this double-blind, between-patient, two-dose study. During N2O-O2-halothane-relaxant anaesthesia no analgesics were given. The patients received 0.07 mg/kg or 0.14 mg/kg of nalbuphine or 0.3 mg/kg or 0.6 mg/kg of pentazocine by intravenous injection. Pain and side effects were assessed for 4 h after administration of the test drug, or until the pain returned to the pre-injection level, when a conventional analgesic was given. The onset of pain relief was similar and the peak effect occurred about half an hour after the injection after both drugs. On a milligram basis, nalbuphine seemed to be about three times as potent as pentazocine. The duration of action seemed to be slightly longer after nalbuphine, but 2 1/2 hrs. after the injection the pain had returned to preinjection level in 2/3 of the patients, even after the higher doses of both drugs. Except for sleepiness, there were few side effects and they were similar after both drugs. No psychotomimetic effects were observed.
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PMID:Comparison of the analgesic effects of intravenous nalbuphine and pentazocine in patients with postoperative pain. 33 52

A controlled, double-blind study involving 250 women was carried out ot assess the efficacy of oral tilidine 25, 50 and 100 mg in treating postepisiotomy pain, and to offer a comparison with oral pentazocine 50 mg. All the analgesics produced significant pain relief. At peak effect tilidine 50 mg produced very similar results to pentazocine 50 mg with tilidine 25 mg producing less, and tilidine 100 mg more pain relief. These results were not, however, statistically significant. In these postdelivery ambulant patients pentazocine 50 mg and tilidine 100 mg produced at 25% incidence of side-effects, mainly dizziness and drowsiness, but tilidine 25 mg produced significant analgesia with virtually no side-effects.
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PMID:A clinical comparison of tilidine hydrochloride and pentazocine, given orally for the treatment of postoperative pain. 33 71

1. The new analgesic drug 1-(m-methoxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylaminomethyl)-cyclohexan-1-ol (tramadol; Tramal) was administered to a total of 840 patients by i.m. or i.v. injection or in suppository form in an open multi-center trial. The drug was found to be an effective and well-tolerated analgesic. 2. In all three forms of administration more than 80% of the patients treated rated the therapeutic efficacy of tramadol good to very good. In most cases the analgesic effect set in within 30 min and lasted 3--7 h. Tramadol was effective in relieving pain of various origins. 3. Serious side effects were not observed. The most frequent side effect was drowsiness. Transient hot flushes and outbreaks of sweating occurred occasionally following i.v. injection.
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PMID:[The effect of tramadol in an open clinical trial (author's transl)]. 34 90

A double-blind, between-patient comparison has been made of the effects of morphine 10 mg i.v. and buprenorphine 0.3 mg i.v. on the prevention of pain after operation. The drugs were given by the anaesthetist at the end of the operation, and the onset and severity of pain were assessed by a trained nurse. Both drugs caused a significant delay in the appearance of severe pain when compared with the control group, but with buprenorphine the mean delay of 10.5 h was more than twice that of morphine. The only side-effect to occur more frequently after administration of the analgesics was drowsiness, the incidence being greater after buprenorphine than after morphine.
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PMID:A double-blind comparison of morphine and buprenorphine in the prevention of pain after operation. 35 72

The effectiveness of cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride, a new tricyclic skeletal muscle relaxant, was shown in patients with long-term intractable pain of cervical and lumbar origin aggravated by skeletal muscle spasm and tenderness. The investigation was double-blind and randomized, comparing cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride (10 mg three times a day) with diazepam (5 mg three times a day) and with placebo. After two weeks of treatment, the 16 patients in the cyclobenzaprine group showed an overall improvement in pain variables as did the 16 patients in the diazepam group. No serious adverse reactions to cyclobenzaprine were observed in the study. However, dry mouth due to cyclobenzaprine's anticholinergic action and mild degrees of drowsiness were encountered more often than with diazepam or placebo.
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PMID:Cyclobenzaprine in intractable pain syndromes with muscle spasm. 35 63

Sixty patients with moderate or severe postsurgical pain were randomly divided into three equal groups for a double-blind comparison of the analgesic effectiveness of intramuscular butorphanol (2 and 4 mg) and pentazocine (60 mg). The groups were demographically similar. Pain intensity and pain relief were scored at 10, 20, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after administration of the drug. All treatments provided significant analgesic activity (P less than .05) within ten minutes. However, both doses of butorphanol reached their peak effect at 30 minutes, in contrast to 60 minutes for pentazocine. The duration of effect appeared somewhat longer for butorphanol, though this did not achieve statistical significance. Butorphanol (4 mg) had a significantly greater (P less than .05) analgesic effect at ten minutes than pentazocine (60 mg), and both butorphanol treatments (2 and 4 mg) were significantly better than pentazocine, according to many parameters at 20 and 30 minutes. Side effects, chiefly sleepiness and dizziness, were seen in 15% of the patients, with no significant difference between the treatment groups.
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PMID:Comparison of butorphanol and pentazocine as postoperative analgesics. 37 1

The Brompton mixture is widely used as an effective method for controlling pain in cancer patients. In a double-blind crossover trial a standard Brompton mixture containing morphine, cocaine, ethyl alcohol, syrup BP and chloroform water was compared with morphine alone in a flavoured aqueous solution; both were administered orally. Pain was measured by means of the pain intensity index of the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Ratings of confusion, nausea and drowsiness were obtained from both the patients and their nurses and relatives. The data showed that there was no significant difference between the Brompton mixture and morphine administered orally for any of the variables. Both relieved pain effectively in about 85% of the patients.
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PMID:The Brompton mixture versus morphine solution given orally: effects on pain. 37 79

The analgesic dose-effect relationship of nefopam was compared in a double-blind randomised trial with that of oxycodone in immediate postoperative pain. Nefopam 15 mg or oxycodone 4 mg was given every 10 min i.v. (maximum six times) to patients in pain after upper abdominal surgery until their wound pain (scored 0-3) disappeared. The mean pain intensity (PI), initially 2.2 in both groups, descreased by approximately the same extent for up to two doses in both groups (to 1.5 after nefopam 30 mg and to 1.1 after oxycodone 8 mg). Thereafter PI was significantly less in the oxycodone group and diminished almost linearily to 0.1 after the sixth dose (24 mg). In the nefopam group, the PI score fell to 1.1 after the fourth dose (60 mg). This seemed to be the "ceiling" effect since additional doses up to 90 mg did not result in greater pain relief. In the oxycodone group, only two patients (12%) needed maximal dosage (6 x 4 mg), one of them requiring 32 mg of oxycodone. In the nefopam group, 12 patients (75%) needed further pain relief after the maximal dosage (6 x 15 mg). In these patients, oxycodone (maximally 16 mg) gave satisfactory analgesia. Drowsiness and a decrease in the respiratory rate were the principal side-effects of oxycodone, whereas tachycardia, restlessness, sweating and nausea were more frequent after nefopam.
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PMID:Comparison of the analgesic dose-effect relationships of nefopam and oxycodone in postoperative pain. 39 11

A survey was conducted at Agra (India) to study the extent and pattern of the non-medical use of dependence producing drugs among the post-graduate students of the local colleges and a number of medical students of other colleges of the state of Uttar Pradesh who were posted for training at the Mental Hospital. The study was confined to the academic year 1975-76 and covered 1,200 students. The present interim report is based on a sample of 564 students covered during 1975 (1st stage). The data on the total sample of 1200 (2nd and the final stage) are still being analysed. The results reveal that 73.88 per cent male, and 25.96 per cent female students had a drug experience at some time or another. Drug use was highest (80.66 per cent) among male medical students. The substances commonly used by males were: alcohol, barbiturates, Mandrax (methaqualone diphenhydramine hydrochloride). Vesparax (hydroxyzine hydrochloride), Equanil (meprobamate). Librium (chlordiazeproxide), pain killers (minor analgesics such as aspirin, and cannabis (bhang, ganja, and charas). The female students mainly used Equanil and pain killers. Among the 23 reasons offered for the use of drugs, the majority of students (50-59 per cent) stated that their main reason for drug use was "to relieve tension and facilitate relaxation". The next motivating factor for indulgence was "for the sake of fun" (30-39 per cent). The student drug users reported a number of effects produced by various substances. The most commonly mentioned effects were: excessive sleepiness, sluggishness, giddiness, inability to concentrate on studies, poor physical co-ordination. They expressed their opinion on various aspects of the drug use problem and favoured stringent measures to curb it.
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PMID:Drug use among college students--an interim report. 58 81


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